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Biomedical subjects

J Golding

Publications and source records attributed to J Golding.

231 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of sudden infant death syndrome: an independent evaluation of four scoring methods.

The performances of four published risk prediction systems for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were compared for the 34 cases of SIDS and 48 explained deaths among a cohort of all births in the U.K. during one week in April 1970. With cut-points for the scores which would include about 20 per cent of the population, the sensitivities of the scoring methods ranged from identifying 40 per cent of the explained deaths to 70 per cent of SIDS. The highest sensitivities were achieved with the Sheffield 'at birth' system and a system based on both data from Oxford and general observations from the literature, with the latter system providing the most powerful predictor of SIDS for the study sample.

Biometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nitrogen dioxide, the oxides of nitrogen, and infants' health symptoms. ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood.

In this cross-sectional postal study, the authors measured nitrogen dioxide levels inside infants' bedrooms and outside their homes. During the 2-wk monitoring period, the authors investigated the association between nitrogen dioxide levels and 20 infant symptoms. The subjects were 1,200 women who had infants aged 3-12 mo. Median levels of indoor and outdoor nitrogen dioxide were 6.8 and 12.6 ppb, respectively. Environmental factors that were associated significantly with indoor levels were gas cooking, cigarette smoking, reported traffic levels, and presence of a kerosene heater; use of a cooker hood was associated negatively with indoor nitrogen dioxide levels. There was no evidence for any short-term significant association between prevalence of respiratory symptoms and nitrogen dioxide levels. Diarrhea, the only symptom associated significantly and positively with indoor nitrogen dioxide levels, had unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of 1.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.13, 1.95) and 1.38 (1.11, 1.70), respectively. This association is discussed in terms of a proposed mechanism with nitric oxide. No association between a gas cooker in the home and diarrhea was found. The association between diarrhea and nitrogen dioxide level might have been a chance finding; the authors investigated 20 symptoms, and at least 1 was expected to be significant at the .05 level. The finding, however, was similar to that reported in a previous study in which a gas cooker was a proxy for nitrogen dioxide exposure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Weight-for-height in two national cohorts with particular reference to 10-year-old children.

The idea of representing obesity or degree of malnutrition using a weight-for-height power index has existed for many years and several authors believe that such an index should be uncorrelated with height. Data from the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 Child Health and Education Study have therefore been used to determine the values of the constant k which lead to the weight-for-height power index weight/[height]k being uncorrelated with height for specific age groups. Different values of k were needed both for the various age groups, and for the two sexes. For boys and girls respectively, the values of k needed at age 7 years were 2.02 and 2.12, at age 10 the values were 2.53 and 2.58, at age 11, 2.53 and 2.50 and at age 16, 2.42 and 1.71. Different values were also needed for West Indians and Asians and pubertal and pre-pubertal children. The relationships between this power index and other measurements of weight-for-height (including weight/height; weight/[height]2--the Quetelet index; weight/[height]3--the Ponderal index; relative weight for height, and standardized weight for height), the examining doctor's assessment of obesity and weight and height themselves were investigated for 10-year-old children born in 1970 to determine which of them could be thought of as best at estimating obesity. We found that there was little to choose between the index which was uncorrelated with height (using derived values of the power), and the Quetelet index.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Height and mortality in the counties of England and Wales.

Average heights of adults and children in the counties of England and Wales were examined using national samples of people born between 1920 and 1970. Although height increased over this 50-year period the differences between counties persisted. Average height in a county is closely related to its pattern of death rates, which were derived from all deaths during 1968-78. Counties with taller populations have lower mortality from chronic bronchitis, rheumatic heart disease, ischaemic heart disease and stroke, and higher mortality from three hormone-related cancers, of the breast, prostate and ovary. The inverse relation of height with bronchitis and cardiovascular disease is further evidence of risk factors acting in early childhood. The positive relation between height and cancers of the breast, ovary and prostate could suggest that promotion of child growth has disadvantages as well as benefits.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinatal mortality in Jamaica 1986-1987.

A large population-based study of all stillbirths and neonatal deaths occurring on the island of Jamaica during a 12 month period is described. During this time, 2069 perinatal deaths were identified in an estimated total of 54,400 infants born giving a perinatal death rate of 38.0 per 1000 births. The death rate was 5 times higher among twins than singletons. An attempt was made to obtain detailed postmortem examination of as many cases as possible. In the event, 51% of the infants who died perinatally had such postmortem examination. Postmortem rate was affected by sex, multiplicity of the infant, time of death, month of death and area of delivery. Deaths were classified using the Wigglesworth scheme. The distribution of categories was similar in the months when the postmortem rate was 70% to the rest of the time period when the post-mortem rate was only 40%. The Wigglesworth classification of deaths identified those associated with intrapartum asphyxia as the most important group, accounting for over 40% of deaths overall and 59% of deaths in infants of more than 2500 g birthweight. Antepartum fetal deaths were the second largest group, comprising 20% of deaths. Sixty percent of the infants in this group weighed less than 2500 g at birth. Major malformations were responsible for few perinatal deaths in Jamaica. This simple classification is important as it focuses attention on details of labour and delivery that may require change and is useful in planning future delivery of obstetric and neonatal care.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗