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Biomedical subjects

J English

Publications and source records attributed to J English.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effect of timing of a single injection on the toxicity of methotrexate in the rat.

The possibility of a circadian rhythm in the toxicity of methotrexate was investigated in rats after a single intravenous bolus. Indices of haematological, renal and hepatic toxicity were studied, as were the pharmacokinetics of the drug. All the parameters showed a circadian variation, with maximum toxicity occurring after dosage of 06.00 h and minimum toxicity after dosage at midnight. Administration at the other two time points, 12.00 h and 18.00 h, gave intermediate results.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

High dose intravenous methylprednisolone "pulse" therapy in patients with rheumatoid disease. Plasma methylprednisolone levels and adrenal function.

Twenty seven patients with acute rheumatoid disease who had not previously received systemic corticosteroid therapy were given a pulse(s) of high dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPS) intravenously. Of the 27 patients 22 received 1 g MPS once and 5 were given the drug on three consecutive days. Plasma "MP" (total MPS plus hydrolysed methylprednisolone) and cortisol levels were measured at various intervals post infusion. Clinical assessments were made before and at 2 week intervals after each infusion for 12 weeks. Patients showed objective improvement for up to 12 weeks post infusion. Maximum "MP" levels ranging between 16 and 72 mumol/l were obtained after single infusions. In a majority of the patients "MP" concentrations in plasma were reduced to values between 0.12-3.4 mumol/l in 24 h, 0.06 to 0.13 mumol/l in 48 h. Plasma cortisol levels were incompletely suppressed for a few days in all patients, but the drug was removed from plasma and normal adrenal function restored within a fortnight after steroid infusion at the latest.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Plasma levels of methylprednisolone following administration during cardiac surgery.

Methylprednisolone was given to patients undergoing open-heart surgery in a dose of 30 mg/kg administered following induction of anaesthesia and repeated with the start of cardiopulmonary bypass. The effects of this treatment on 2,3-DPG. P50 and cardiac index were compared with a control group who did not receive steroids. In addition plasma levels of methylprednisolone were assayed throughout the operations and up to 24 hours postoperatively. There was no significant difference between the two groups despite apparently adequate plasma levels of methylprednisolone, and it is concluded that steroids do not affect the P50 or 2,3-DPG in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1982

Alteration of plasma prednisolone levels by indomethacin and naproxen.

Eleven patients with stable rheumatoid disease (RD) who were receiving regular corticosteroid therapy (CS) were investigated to discover the effect on plasma prednisolone levels of additional therapy with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs, indomethacin and naproxen. There was a highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase in free prednisolone levels after concurrent therapy with either indomethacin or naproxen for 2 weeks. Total prednisolone levels were unchanged. These results could provide an explanation for clinical reports that these two NSAI drugs possess a steroid-sparing effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

24-hour profiles of melatonin, cortisol, insulin, C-peptide and GIP following a meal and subsequent fasting.

Melatonin, free and total cortisol, insulin, C-peptide and glucose-dependent insulin-releasing peptide (GIP) were measured in the plasma of twelve normal volunteers (eight women and four men), at hourly intervals for 24 h following a meal and subsequent fasting. One volunteer was excluded from calculations due to a possible effect of stress on melatonin secretion. Melatonin and cortisol showed the normal 24-h variation with peak values at 0200-0500 h, and 0900 h respectively. Following post-prandial stimulation, gut hormones remained basal throughout the sampling period. No significant relationship was found between 24-h melatonin secretion and basal, or stimulated gut hormone secretion. Melatonin secretion did relate significantly to body weight, suggesting that data concerning pineal effects in endocrine physiology and pathology, and affective disease, should be reviewed in the light of these observations.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Plasma prednisolone levels during intravenous therapy in acute colitis.

Maximum plasma levels in six acute colitics were about three times greater after an intravenous bolus of 20 mg prednisolone than the mean level achieved during infusion of the same dose (p<0.001) over eight hours; the level during infusion was about twice as great as the maximum recorded previously after a single 40 mg oral dose of prednisolone. These findings favour the use of intravenous administration in severe acute colitis. No difference was found between plasma levels of patients and six normal subjects after the intravenous bolus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Prednisolone concentrations in plasma, saliva and urine.

Prednisolone was measured in plasma, saliva and urine at various times after a single dose. Peak plasma prednisolone levels were observed about 1 h after the dose. Saliva prednisolone levels were measurable for at least 3 h after dosing but showed no consistent relationship to either total or free plasma prednisolone concentrations. Unchanged prednisolone in amounts up to 14% of the dose administered was found in the 24 h urine and most of it was excreted in the first 5 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Clinical efficacy of testosterone undecanoate in male hypogonadism.

Testosterone undecanoate (Restandol, Organon Laboratories Ltd) dissolved in oleic acid, was administered orally to seventy-six hypogonadal males for three consecutive 3-week periods and the subjective clinical response assessed by a standard interview. Plasma testosterone and testosterone undecanoate levels were determined by radioimmunoassay before the study and after 3, 6 and 9 weeks treatment. The treatment was effective in sixty of the sixty-six patients who completed the trial. Ten patients did not complete the trial; two for reasons unrelated to the drug and eight because of side effects, mainly gastro-intestinal. There was a significant rise in plasma testosterone levels during treatment and a positive correlation between plasma testosterone and testosterone undecanoate levels. Testosterone undecanoate is a potentially valuable drug for the oral treatment of male hypogonadism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Serum methylprednisolone levels following intra-articular injection of methylprednisolone acetate.

Twenty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis received injections of either 40 mg or 80 mg of methylprednisolone acetate into one or both knee joints. Serum methylprednisolone and cortisol levels were measured at intervals up to 1 week following injection. Peak serum levels of methylprednisolone were reached at between 2 and 12 hours following injection, and increasing the injected dose resulted in correspondingly higher serum levels. Injection of 80 mg of methylprednisolone as 40 mg into each knee produced consistently higher peak serum levels than when given as a single intra-articular injection. Serum cortisol levels were substantially suppressed for up to 1 week, and this effect was seen at all dose levels.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1981

The ramus frame implant.

Many procedures for increasing the denture-bearing area of the atrophic mandible have been advocated. This article presents an alternative method of treatment. The ramus frame implant is a metallic tripodal device designed to provide a denture-bearing surface when inserted into the mandible. The procedure for placement of the frame requires minimal time and instrumentation, and it may be performed on an outpatient basis. Fifty-six implants have been placed since 1974, and 51 (91%) are still in place and functional.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Serious renal transplant rejection and adrenal hypofunction after gradual withdrawal of prednisolone two years after transplantation.

Ten patients with stable renal function two years after transplantation had their sole immunosuppressive treatment (oral prednisolone 10 mg daily) withdrawn by reducing the daily dose by 1 mg at monthly intervals. Plasma prednisolone concentration, cortisol concentration, creatinine clearance, and serum creatinine concentration were measured in all patients, and the adrenal response to corticotrophin was determined in five by measuring plasma cortisol concentrations before and after tetracosactrin injection. No episodes of rejection occurred in patients taking over 7 mg prednisolone daily. Although three patients apparently required only minimal immunosuppressive treatment (less than 5 mg daily) the remainder suffered episodes of rejection at daily doses below 7 mg. There was a tenuous association between rejection and low plasma cortisol concentration, but neither the pattern of plasma prednisolone concentrations nor the response to tetracosactrin were related to episodes of rejection. Reducing the daily dose of oral prednisolone to under 7 mg should not be attempted in patients with renal transplants unless there are extenuating circumstances.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1980

Plasma steroid levels after intra-articular injection of prednisolone acetate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis received an intra-articular injection of either 50 mg or 100 mg of prednisolone acetate into the knee joint. After the injection plasma levels of prednisolone were measured by radioimmunoassay and plasma cortisol levels were estimated fluorimetrically. Peak prednisolone levels were reached at between 2 and 4 hours after the intra-articular injection at both dosage levels, though the peak was higher with the larger dose. The 50 mg dose did not have any effect on the plasma cortisol level at 24 or 48 hours, but there was some suppression of plasma cortisol levels for up to 48 hours after the 100 mg dose.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1980

Prednisolone absorption in acute colitis.

Peak plasma levels were reduced after an oral dose of 40 mg prednisolone in six patients with severe acute colitis as compared with six normal subjects, though total absorption appeared to be similar; the findings suggest that prednisolone absorption was delayed in acute colitis. A dilutional fall in plasma albumin was observed in normal subjects and in the patients after 40 mg prednisolone by mouth.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Evidence for preferential stimulation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in the rat by actively transported carbohydrates and their analogues.

A rat intestinal perfusion technique has been used to assess the ability of a number of monosaccharides, monosaccharide analogues and disaccharides to stimulate intestinal release of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Perfusates containing glucose, sucrose, galactose, maltose, 3-O-methylglucose or alpha- or beta- methylglucoside at concentrations of 100 mmol/l in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (KRP) produced significant stimulation of GIP release compared with the control perfusions with KRP alone (P less than 0.02). Mannose, 6-deoxygalactose, 2-deoxyglucose, myoinositol, fructose or lactose (100 mmol/l of each) did not stimulate GIP release compared with controls. There was no significant difference in the ability of sucrose, maltose or beta-methylglucoside (100 mmol/l of ach) to release GIP compared with 100 mmol glucose/l, but galactose, 3-O-methylglucose and alpha-methylglucoside (100 mmol/l of each) produced significantly lower GIP responses than did glucose (P less than 0.02). Addition of 5 mmol phloridzin/l to a perfusate containing 50 mmol glucose/l prevented intestinal absorption of glucose and abolished the GIP response. The molecular configuration of monosaccharides which have the ability to stimulate GIP release agreed well with the structural requirements for active transport by the sodium-dependent hexose pathway.

Animals↗