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Biomedical subjects

J English

Publications and source records attributed to J English.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Variation in plasma prednisolone concentrations in renal transplant recipients given enteric-coated prednisolone.

Renal transplant recipients receiving intermittent haemodialysis and kept under normal ward conditions showed appreciable differences in plasma prednisolone concentrations after therapeutic doses of enteric-coated prednisolone tablets. This gross day-to-day variation occurred irrespective of the dosage used. Breakfast given before prednisolone tended to reduce the rate of absorption of the drug, the effect being quantitatively most pronounced with large doses. Haemodialysis had no apparent effect on the elimination of prednisolone from plasma. Such erratic blood concentrations of prednisolone as observed in these patients, possibly resulting from variable absorption, may be potentially hazardous. Hence use of enteric-coated tablets in renal transplant recipients should be viewed with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Prednisone or prednisolone for the treatment of chronic active hepatitis? A comparison of plasma availability.

1 The plasma availability of prednisolone after oral doses of prednisolone and its precursor, prednisone, were compared in ten normal controls and twenty-five patients with chronic active hepatitis by estimation of the area under the plasma concentration--time curve for the drug (AUC). 2 In controls, values for AUC were significantly more variable after prednisone than prednisolone, and two subjects showed markedly inefficient conversion of prednisone to prednisolone. In patients, variability was similarly wide after both preparations, but overall bioavailability after both prednisone and prednisolone was similar to that found in controls, although three patients showed subnormal values after both preparations, possibly as a result of impaired intestinal absorption. 3 Patients with biochemical and histological evidence of active hepatocellular necrosis showed evidence of impaired activation of prednisone, but this was compensated for by a decreased rate of elimination of prednisolone from the plasma. 4 It is concluded that plasma prednisolone levels will be more predictable after prednisolone than after prednisone in subjects without hepatic dysfunction. In the presence of liver disease, because of the marked variability in plasma prednisolone levels after either drug, estimation of these could be of value in those patients whose disease cannot be controlled by normal maintenance doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A radioimmunoassay method for prednisolone: comparison with the competitive protein binding method.

Cross reactivity of prednisolone with an antiserum raised against dexamethasone-21-hemisuccinate conjugated with bovine serum albumin was utilized to develop a radioimmunoassay for prednisolone in unextracted plasma. The results are in good agreement with those obtained with a standard competitive protein binding method employing prior extraction and separation of the synthetic from endogenous steroids.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

The effect of some polyene macrolides on absorption from the small intestine in the rat.

The effect of three polyene macrolides, candicidin, amphotericin B and nystatin on the absorption of [3H] cholesterol was studied in the rat by using the in situ gut loop perfusion technique. Chronic treatment with candicidin and its presence at various concentrations in the gut loop perfusion experiments inhibited [3H] cholesterol absorption although a smaller effect was also obtained with amphotericin B and nystatin at higher concentrations. A similar but much less pronounced action of candicidin was also observed on the absorption of [3H] corticosterone and [14C] phenytoin.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1975

A radioimmunoassay procedure for dexamethasone: plasma and urine levels in man.

A sensitive and precise dexamethasone radioimmunoassay method was applied to the determination of dexamethasone levels in the plasma and urine of human subjects who had received small doses of the drug by mouth. While the method can be applied directly to plasma, urine has to be diluted before assay. Very little cross-reaction was observed with two possible metabolites of dexamethasone. Both in the healthy subjects and in the group of patients investigated rapid absorption of dexamethasone from the gastrointestinal tract was observed. However, there appeared to be a large individual variation in the plasma concentration of the drug obtained after doses of the same size.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Prednisolone levels in the plasma and urine: a study of two preparations in man.

1. A competitive protein binding method was used to measure prednisolone and cortisol in blood and urine of volunteers given prednisolone by mouth (15 mg) in the standard tablet form and a fortnight later a regulated release formulation of prednisolone metasulphobenzoate containing an equivalent amount of prednisolone. 3. Plasma prednisolone levels rose rapidly after the standard tablet and more slowly after the regulated release form. The normal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as measured by the 09.00 h plasma cortisol concentration was present 24 h after ingestion of the regulated release preparation. In contrast, the 09.00 h plasma cortisol level was reduced in subjects 24 h after receiving prednisolone in the standard tablet form.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The training and role of nurse-therapists in a general hospital's psychiatric unit.

The author's discuss their experience using nurses as therapists on a small unit at St. Joseph's Hospital, a general hospital in Hamilton, Ontario. They describe the training of the first nurse-therapists and the three-level training system established to make the program self-sustaining. The nurse-therapist system is now used on several psychiatric units in the hospital. Problems in role relationships and schedules occurred, but the authors, noting the patient-care, economic, and staff benefits, believe that the system would be especially useful in small inpatient units.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient satisfaction following transcervical resection of the endometrium.

Menorrhagia affects 20-30% of healthy women, many of whom undergo hysterectomy. In recent years, transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) has become an alternative surgical option. This observational study assesses patient satisfaction following TCRE. The case notes of 55 patients who had a TCRE in the Coombe Womens' Hospital, Dublin, in 1992 were reviewed. Patients were sent a postal questionnaire at an interval ranging from 3 to 15 months post TCRE. 49 patients responded, of whom 76% were satisfied with TCRE. Thirty one per cent experienced amenorrhoea, 55% hypomenorrhoea, and 14% had no change in menstrual blood loss. Twenty two per cent required subsequent treatment. The complication rate was 11% (2 uterine perforations, 3 endometritis, 1 laparoscopic wound infection). We conclude that TCRE is an effective and safe treatment for menorrhagia, and is associated with a high rate of patient satisfaction.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Examiner standardization for caries studies.

Examiners in clinical control programs customarily undergo an intensive period of training to standardize their interpretation of diagnostic criteria. Data are presented summarizing examiner error rates in calibration examinations and reversal rates in a field study.

Child↗