The incorporation of cultural concepts into basic nursing texts.
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Books↗
Biomedical subjects
J English
Publications and source records attributed to J English.
The role of immunoassay in the analysis of microcontaminants in water samples.
Concentrations of natural and synthetic steroids and an anticancer drug (methotrexate) have been determined in water by adapting established immunoassay procedures. The limits of detection for the assays used were 10 ng/liter for norethisterone, 5 ng/liter for ethinyl estradiol and progesterone, and 6.25 ng/liter for methotrexate. Results below the level of detection were obtained in all the samples examined (8 river samples and 6 potable supply samples) except for 2 river samples (17 ng/liter) for norethisterone, and 1 river sample and 1 potable water sample for progesterone (6 ng/liter). A concentration of 1 microgram/liter of methotrexate was found in a sample of hospital effluent. There appears to be no evidence of adverse effects from reused water resources which may be contaminated from the normal use of such highly active therapeutic agents.
Ethinyl Estradiol↗
Chronopharmacology.
The time of day that drugs are given can have a profound effect upon both their pharmacodynamics, i.e. their effectiveness and toxicity, and their pharmacokinetics, i.e. the way they themselves behave in the body. The chronopharmacokinetics of relatively few drugs have been investigated and are mostly those used for the treatment of cancer. We have shown that the toxicity and chronopharmacokinetics of drugs can be altered by pretreatment with steroids or melatonin.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
The number and distribution of benign pigmented moles (melanocytic naevi) in a healthy British population.
Total body mole counts have been performed on 432 normal healthy Caucasian subjects aged 4 days to 96 years (204 males and 228 females). The mean total body mole count in the first decade of life is three for females and two for males, rising rapidly in the second decade to a mean of 23 for females and 18 for males. In the third decade numbers are highest, with a mean of 33 for females and 22 for males. Thereafter, numbers of moles slowly drop until in the eighth decade they have fallen to levels similar to those seen in pre-pubertal children. There is a significant association between the presence of naevi in early childhood (prior to 5 years of age) and the development in later life of large numbers of moles. In women there is no significant association between total mole counts and either parity or use of the oral contraceptive.
Adolescent↗
Attenuation of experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity by ticarcillin.
It is well known that in vitro the combination of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, or other antipseudomonal penicillins with gentamicin, tobramycin, or other aminoglycoside antibiotics results in the inactivation of the antibacterial activity of the aminoglycoside. To assess the influence of the in vivo interaction of tobramycin and ticarcillin on experimental nephrotoxicity, male Fischer 344 rats were given either tobramycin alone (120 mg/kg per day), tobramycin (120 mg/kg per day) and ticarcillin (250 mg/kg per day) concomitantly, or the combination of these drugs at the same doses that had been preincubated for 24 h and at the time of delivery contained but 63 and 25%, respectively, of the initial concentrations of tobramycin and ticarcillin as measured by conventional analytical procedures. Initial experiments were conducted to determine the concentrations of the antibiotics in serum achieved after administration of each test solution. After a single dose of the test solution, ticarcillin concentrations in serum were higher and more prolonged in rats given tobramycin plus ticarcillin than in rats given ticarcillin alone. After 7 days of exposure to the test solutions, inulin clearance in animals given tobramycin alone was 0.15 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- 2 standard errors) ml/min per 100 g of body weight as compared with 0.53 +/- 0.1 in rats given tobramycin and ticarcillin concomitantly, 0.59 +/- 0.1 in animals given the partially inactivated tobramycin-ticarcillin mixture, and 0.79 +/- 0.1 in control rats. Although there was some improvement in inulin clearance in the group containing tobramycin alone, the three treatment groups maintained the same rank relationship in inulin clearance through 14 days of treatment. Real histology confirmed the attenuation of tubular injury in animals given tobramycin and ticarcillin concomitantly. There was no evidence of toxicity from the presumed inactivation complexes of tobramycin-ticarcillin. These results document an in vivo protective effect of ticarcillin on experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity.
Animals↗
Therapeutic benefits from a poorly absorbed prednisolone enema in distal colitis.
A double blind controlled trial has been conducted in 40 patients to compare the therapeutic effects of prednisolone metasulphobenzoate enemas with those of prednisolone-21-phosphate enemas. Both enemas brought about improvement in symptoms and sigmoidoscopic appearances in more than 70% of patients treated. The absorption of prednisolone from the metasulphobenzoate enema in three patients was less than from the 21-phosphate enema. In view of the low plasma prednisolone concentrations obtained, there are theoretical advantages in using a poorly absorbed enema to avoid the possibility of systemic steroid effects in patients requiring long term steroid treatment.
Adult↗
The effect of desipramine upon melatonin and cortisol secretion in depressed and normal subjects.
Melatonin and cortisol values in plasma were measured hourly over 24 hours in six depressed patients and six normal volunteers before treatment and after one and three weeks of treatment with desipramine. The normal volunteers were further tested one week after withdrawal of desipramine. The mydriatic effects of tyramine and phenylephrine eye drops were also recorded in the normal volunteers. In neither group of subjects did desipramine treatment reduce melatonin secretion, suggesting that functionally significant down-regulation of beta andrenoceptors was not caused by this treatment. Melatonin secretion was significantly increased after three weeks of treatment in depressed patients. This increase was not found in normal subjects.
Adolescent↗
Acquired progressive kinking of hair. Report of six cases and review of literature.
Acquired progressive kinking of hair is an entity distinct from woolly hair in its onset at or after puberty, predominant involvement of frontal, temporal, and vertex regions of the scalp as well as the supra-auricular and postauricular margins, and a tendency for affected hairs to resemble pubic hair both in texture and color. We consider the condition to be androgen dependent and likely to progress to male pattern baldness. The condition "whisker hair" is probably a variant of acquired progressive kinking of hair.
Adolescent↗
Benign naevi associated with high risk of melanoma.
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Adolescent↗
Sphenoid wing meningioma occurring as a lateral orbital mass.
The differential diagnosis of a mass presenting in the lateral aspect of the orbit with bony erosion and involving the skin includes many malignancies, predominantly sarcomas. A total evaluation of the mass to include histopathologic characteristics and the true extent of the disease is critical to proper management of the patient. A 68-year-old man was referred for therapy with a diagnosis of fibrosarcoma. Evaluation of the disease revealed contiguous tumor from the right temporal region into the posterior orbit, with displacement of the globe and extension intracranially. During operation a frozen section analysis of the tumor was also interpreted as fibrosarcoma. A craniofacial resection was performed, including orbital exenteration and resection of a large 10 X 12 cm segment of attached dura. There was no evidence of extension into the brain. Final pathologic evaluation of the tumor was meningioma rather than fibrosarcoma. This unusual presentation of a meningioma has never been reported in the medical literature. The difficulty with interpretation of the original biopsies will be discussed, as well as the management of this case
Aged↗
Prospective payment and psychiatry: an interview with Joseph English, M.D.
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Costs and Cost Analysis↗
Plasma levels and response to prednisolone therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
Plasma prednisolone levels were measured in parallel with clinical and laboratory assessments in seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis on single daily doses of prednisolone which were reduced at weekly intervals from 10 mg. to 7, 6 and 5 mg. A significant negative rank correlation was observed between prednisolone dose and the duration of morning stiffness (p less than 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between plasma prednisolone levels, other clinical assessment criteria or laboratory indices.
Adult↗
Leptospirosis in South West Ireland.
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Adult↗
Diurnal variation in prednisolone kinetics.
Plasma concentrations of free and total prednisolone were measured after oral doses at four time points to investigate the possibility of a diurnal variation in the drug's kinetics. There were marked differences in plasma prednisolone concentrations, clearance rates, and bioavailability of both free and total fractions at different times of the day. Changes in the protein binding characteristics of prednisolone with clock time resulted in marked differences between the kinetics of free and total prednisolone. It is recommended that for maximum efficacy and minimum toxicity prednisolone therapy be confined to once-daily dosing in the morning.
Adult↗
Dermatitis herpetiformis: a review of 119 cases.
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Adolescent↗
Plasma prednisolone studies in rheumatic patients.
Prednisolone concentration in plasma after a daily maintenance steroid dose was monitored in 83 patients with rheumatic diseases. Although no restrictions were imposed on the intake of food or drink, plasma drug levels tended to peak at 1 h after the ingestion of the standard tablets, whereas intestinal absorption of the enteric-coated preparation was found to be most unpredictable. A profound individual variation was observed in plasma prednisolone concentrations, and neither total nor unbound drug levels showed any consistent relationship with the size of the prednisolone dose or the control of the disease activity. The basal cortisol production was suppressed in one-third of the patients. There is no support from this study for the concept of an 'optimum therapeutic range' of plasma prednisolone for the treatment of rheumatic disease.
Adult↗
Adverse effect of rifampicin administration on steroid-dependent asthma.
Induction of steroid metabolism has been reported after rifampicin administration but it is not known how much corticosteroid requirements increase and whether disease control can be satisfactorily maintained with increases in corticosteroid dosage. Because rifampicin may be needed in the treatment of tuberculosis in patients with steroid-dependent asthma, the dose of prednisolone needed to control this condition after rifampicin administration (600 mg daily for 6 wk) was determined in 6 patients in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The plasma elimination half-life and bioavailability of prednisolone decreased significantly after rifampicin administration, but despite an increase of 93% in the dose of prednisolone (p less than 0.02), asthma control remained inferior compared to placebo. Asthma relapse in a seventh patient necessitated withdrawal from the trial after 2 wk of rifampicin administration despite a five-fold increase in prednisolone dosage. It is concluded that despite substantial increases in the dose of prednisolone the coadministration of rifampicin and prednisolone to steroid-dependent patients may seriously complicate their clinical management.
Adult↗