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Biomedical subjects

J E Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to J E Cooper.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Veterinary care of rodents and lagomorphs.

The species covered in this paper are the mouse, rat, golden hamster, gerbil (jird), guinea pig and rabbit, all of which are commonly kept as pets as well as for exhibition purposes, education and research. An understanding of the biology of these small mammals is necessary if they are to be satisfactorily restrained, examined and treated. They are susceptible to a range of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Small mammals have a high metabolic rate and a large body surface area. Anaesthesia and surgery may therefore present problems of hypoglycaemia and hypothermia. Various anaesthetic agents can be used and a range of surgical procedures may be safely and successfully performed.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1987

Institution-specific versus published in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility data in making formulary decisions.

The results of susceptibility testing of 549 isolates of gram-negative organisms to 17 antimicrobial agents were compared with published reports of the sensitivity of those organisms to those agents. All gram-negative bacilli isolated from cultures obtained from hospitalized patients during a three-month period were preserved for antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility tests were performed using 17 broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that either were included in the hospital formulary or were being considered for inclusion. Organisms were recorded as being sensitive or resistant to each drug, and the results were compared with the published results of in vitro sensitivity studies. When the results of actual antimicrobial sensitivity testing varied from published results, the discordant results were assigned a ranking of 1 to 4 based on the percentage difference. In 34 of 77 drug-organism pairs tested, the results of susceptibility testing differed by more than 10% cumulative susceptibility from published values; 26 of these represented instances in which the results of actual testing were at least 10% less than published values. For seven of the antimicrobial agents that were being considered for inclusion in the hospital formulary, results indicating unexpectedly suboptimal activity against institutional pathogens were a determinant in eliminating the agents from further consideration. In vitro testing of antimicrobial susceptibility of local pathogens can be a better method of predicting the susceptibility of such pathogens to new antimicrobial agents than relying on published susceptibility data. Pharmacy and therapeutics committees should consider testing prevalent institutional pathogens for susceptibility to all antimicrobial agents that are proposed additions to the formulary.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1986

Studies on morbidity and mortality in the merlin (Falco columbarius).

Thirty-five merlins (Falco columbarius) were examined post mortem and 13 clinically. Eleven of the latter were captive birds. In eight of the cases examined post mortem no diagnosis could be made but another eight died of a fatty liver-kidney syndrome. Other causes of death included enteritis/proventriculitis (three birds), coccidiosis (three) and septicaemia (two). A variety of incidental findings was noted, for example, parasites and non-fatal lesions. Of the 13 clinical cases, five had bumblefoot and two each had fractures and reproductive failure. There were individual instances of other diseases. The merlin is declining in numbers in Britain and little is known of its susceptibility to disease or causes of mortality. Data on captive birds can provide valuable information in this respect.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Three cases of transitional cell carcinoma in the cat and a review of the literature.

Only 47 cases of urinary bladder neoplasia have been reported in the cat. In this paper a further three are presented. They were received as post mortem specimens and were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. All three were transitional cell carcinomas, with squamous metaplasia in two. Dysplastic urothelial changes were a feature of two of the three tumours and one of these also showed two separate centres of malignancy. Various features of the three cases are discussed and attention is drawn to their possible aetiological significance. The authors suggest that the prevalence of transitional cell carcinoma in the cat may be greater than has hitherto been believed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pancreatoblastoma in a neonate with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome.

The association of pancreatoblastoma and Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome has not been noted previously. In this report we describe a child with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome who had a pancreatoblastoma resected on day 27 of life. He is also the first reported case of Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome in a black baby.

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

An electrogoniometer for the measurement of thoracolumbar rotation.

A simple, noninvasive method of measuring thoracolumbar rotation was developed using an electrogoniometer mounted on thermoplastic girdles. The instrument is designed to adjust to trunk movement that might occur in the sagittal and coronal planes while transmitting the torque that results from rotation in the horizontal plane directly to the active potentiometer of the electrogoniometer. Experiments were carried out to determine the accuracy, validity and reliability of the device and it was concluded that this method of measurement of horizontal trunk movement could be used in kinematic investigations.

Electric Wiring↗
PubMed1986

Urinary cytology of a canine bladder carcinoma.

This is a study of a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a dog. Clinical and radiological signs were inconclusive. The morphology of cells exfoliated from the tumour was very similar to that of cells exfoliated from transitional cell carcinomas in human patients. On the basis of this information a diagnosis was made which was confirmed at post-mortem examination. The findings in this case report demonstrate the usefulness of this technique in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. A preliminary report on the initial evaluation phase of the WHO Collaborative Study on determinants of outcome of severe mental disorders.

In a context of a WHO collaborative study, 12 research centres in 10 countries monitored geographically defined populations over 2 years to identify individuals making a first-in-lifetime contact with any type of 'helping agency' because of symptoms of psychotic illness. A total of 1379 persons who met specified inclusion criteria for schizophrenia and other related non-affective disorders were examined extensively, using standardized instruments, on entry into the study and on two consecutive follow-ups at annual intervals. Patients in different cultures, meeting the ICD and CATEGO criteria for schizophrenia, were remarkably similar in their symptom profiles and 49% of them presented the central schizophrenic conditions as defined by CATEGO class S+. However, the 2-year pattern of course was considerably more favourable in patients in developing countries compared with patients in developed countries, and the difference could not be fully explained by the higher frequency of acute onsets among the former. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and estimates of disease expectancy were determined for a 'broad' diagnostic group of schizophrenic illness and for CATEGO S+ cases. While the former showed significant differences among the centres, the differences in the rates for S+ cases were non-significant or marginal. The results provide strong support for the notion that schizophrenic illnesses occur with comparable frequency in different populations and support earlier findings that the prognosis is better in less industrialized societies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence survey of infections and their predisposing factors at a hospital-based nursing home care unit.

A prevalence survey was performed at a Veterans Administration nursing home care unit to detect the frequency, demographics, features, and potential risk factors associated with infections, compare different methods for calculating infection rates, and compare prevalence data with routine physician reporting of infections during a one-month period. In 176 evaluable residents, 22 nursing home-acquired infections were detected, with rates of 12.5% by infections per residents at risk, and 4.6% by infections per 1000 resident-days. Fifty percent of these infections (11 of 22) involved the urinary tract, seven of which were associated with indwelling catheters. Factors potentially associated with increased overall infection rates included immobility (P less than .02), acute-care hospitalization in the 28 days preceding the study (P less than .01) and antibiotics given preceding the infection (P less than .001). An indwelling urinary catheter (P less than .01) potentially was associated with an increased urinary tract infection rate. During the concurrent period, routine physician reporting of infection detected four of the 22 infections (18%) that were identified by the survey. These findings suggest that physician reporting of infection underestimates infection risk as compared with conventional surveillance practices, and that hospital-based care units may have infection problems more similar to acute-care hospitals than to community nursing homes. Identification of potential risk factors is critical in planning preventive practices based on institution-specific needs.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The prediction of abnormal evoked potentials in schizophrenic patients by means of symptom pattern.

The case notes of 23 schizophrenic patients who participated in a study of somato-sensory cortical evoked responses were examined for descriptions of the clinical features of their mental state at the time of first illness or most recent relapse. A comparison of syndrome scores derived from Present State Examination with those derived from case notes showed that the latter was a reliable method of mental state description for the purposes of this study. A group of syndromes similar to that described in electrodermal research was identified from the case note review and found to be highly correlated with the presence of an abnormal response in the somato-sensory evoked potentials study.

Adult↗