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Biomedical subjects

J C Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to J C Taylor.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Cauda equina syndrome in lumbar disc disease.

A series of 42 patients with lumbar disc disease and herniation, presenting with the cauda equina syndrome, has been studied. It was observed that pure disc herniation accounted for the syndrome in five cases only. Associated structural lesions were contributory factors in the remaining 37 cases, and operative manipulation and trauma during disc removal through an interlaminar approach was the added factor in two of them. Wide laminectomy with excision of the overhanging facet joints and adequate visualization of the lumbar nerve roots has been found to be the ideal procedure for disc removal and for relief of the symptoms, including backache. No postoperative spinal instability has been observed. There was no morbidity was insignificant. All cases have been followed up, and "good to excellent" results were obtained in 95 per cent of patients, and "fair" results in the other 5 per cent.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The cervicolumbar syndrome.

A series of 24 patients presenting with features of both cervical and lumbar spondylosis and disc disease has been studied in order to evaluate the results of surgical treatment. Myelography is essential for confirmation of multifocal lesions. In all but 4 cases beneficial results were obtained after decompression of the predominantly involved region of the spinal canal. These 4 patients were improved after both lumbar and cervical laminectomy in two stages with an interval of 3-6 months. Morbidity was insignificant.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of elastase and ventilation on elastic recoil of excised dog lungs.

The effect of porcine pancreatic elastase and mechanical ventilation on tissue elastic recoil was examined in excised dog lung lobes. Lobes incubated for one hour with an elastase-buffer mixture showed a significant (P less than 0.001) left shift of the liquid-filled pressure-volume curve at all pressures measured (0 to 12 cm H2O) when compared to lobes treated with buffer only. These results suggest that the contribution of elastin to the elastic properties of lung tissue is greatest at mid-lung volumes, but that it also contributes to delimiting maximal lung volume. Elastase and buff-treated lobes were inflated cyclically with humidified air to a pressure of 20 cm H2O 6 times per min during a 16-hour period. This mechanical ventilation caused no further decrease of tissue elastic recoil. Ventilation did cause an unexpected increase in the elastic recoil of liquid-filled lobes that was significant at pressures of 4 cm H2O (P less than 0.025) or more (P less than 0.001). Elastase and buffer-treated lobes showed an almost identical rightward shift of the pressure-volume curve after ventilation when compared to the respective nonventilated control lobes. This increased recoil cannot be attributed to altered surface tension.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Abnormal interaction of alpha 1-antitrypsin and leukocyte elastolytic activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The interaction of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin with leukocyte elastolytic activity was examined in 71 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 46 normal subjects. Residual elastolytic activity was present despite adequate amounts of alpha1-antitrypsin in 33 of the 71 patients compared to 6 of the 46 normal control subjects (P less than 0.001). This elastolytic activity was completely abolished by a specific human leukocyte elastase inhibitor. A crossover study designed to detect the source of this abnormal activity revealed that the plasma fraction containing alpha 1-antitrypsin was responsible for inadequate inhibition in 30 of the 39 cases. The residual elastolytic activity from a given patient did not correlate with the serum alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration, alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype, or history of smoking. Our data suggest that the abnormal interaction of alhpa 1-antitrypsin with leukocyte elastolytic activity is an important additional variable in the gensis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Female↗
PubMed1979

An alpha 1-antitrypsin variant, Pi B Alhambra (Lys to Asp, Glu to Asp), with rapid anodal electrophoretic mobility.

A variant of human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) was found by acid starch gel electrophoresis and by thin-layer electrofocusing. The variant has an anodal migration velocity almost identical to PiB. It is designated as Pi B Alhambra. Pi B Alhambra was purified to homogeneity from a heterozygous PiM1/PiB Alhambra subject. Specific trypsin inhibitory activity and composition of amino acids and carbohydrates were similar to those of normal PiM1. The structural difference between the normal and the variant inhibitors was elucidated by peptide mapping of their tryptic digests. Two amino acid substitutions, Lys to Asp and Glu to Asp, were found. The amino acid substitution, Gly to Asp, has been found in a common PiM2 variant [1]. The Pi B Alhambra variant presumably originated by two steps of mutation: generation of PiM2 from wild type PiM1 by the substitution Gly to Asp, and subsequent generation of Pi B Alhambra from PiM2 by another substitution, Lys to Asp.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Structural difference between the normal PiM1 and the common PiM2 variant of human alpha 1-antitrypsin.

The common PiM2 variant of human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) which can be distinguished from the wild type PiM1 by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in a narrow pH gradient, was purified to homogeneity from plasma of a homozygous PiM2/PiM2 subject. The specific trypsin inhibitory activity and the amino acid and carbohydrate composition of the normal PiM1 and the variant PiM2 are very similar. The structural difference between the normal and the variant inhibitors was elucidated by peptide mapping of their tryptic digests. An amino acid substitution of glutamic acid in the normal inhibitor by aspartic acid in the variant inhibitor was found. The same amino acid substitution was found in PiMN, which was presumed to be identical to PiM2 based on their IEF patterns.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Intrauterine fetal transfusion, 1965-1976, with an assessment of the surviving children.

The need for IUT in the management of Rh hemolytic disease is likely to continue in the foreseeable future. Recent reports have been skeptical about the success of this procedure and the quality of the surviving infants. Of 84 fetuses who received 134 IUT's, over all, 35.7 per cent survived; 48.3 per cent of the nonhydropic group survived. Fifteen of the 23 survivors between 3 and 11 years of age received intellectual, academic, behavioral, health, and developmental evaluations. When compared to sibling and high-risk control groups, the study children showed no significant differences in intelligence quotients, arithmetic achievements, or reading achievements; their school performance is acceptable and none is presenting significant behavioral problems. Except for an excessive number of umbilical and inguinal hernias, there were no physical abnormalities that could be directly related to IUT.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1978

Lumbar radiculopathy contralateral to upper lumbar disc herniation: report of 3 cases.

Three cases of lumbar radiculopathy contralateral to an upper lumbar disc herniation are reported. This clinical syndrome is explained on the basis of prominent spondylotic changes and stenosis contralateral to the side of disc herniation associated with anatomical anomalies of lumbar nerve roots. The disc herniation causes displacement and impaction of the dural sac with the emerging nerve roots in a narrowed lateral recess.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of phenobarbital on theophylline disposition.

The effect of chronic phenobarbital administration on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline was studied in 6 healthy, nonsmoking adults. Subject compliance was verified by the determination of plasma phenobarbital levels. Following four weeks of phenobarbital administration, all six subjects showed a resultant increase in serum clearance varying from 11% to 60% with a mean increase of 34% (from 3.01 to 4.04 L/hr/1.73 M2). Theophylline appears to be metabolized more rapidly during chronic phenobarbital administration. This effect, therefore, must be taken into account when administering barbiturates to asthmatic patients for whom theophylline therapy is prescribed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Primary excision of brain abscess.

Sixteen consecutive patients with brain abscess, including two with multilocular and two with infratentorial abscesses, were treated by primary total excision of the abscess. The patients were followed for six months to three years. Only one patient died and there were no recurrences. Immediate primary excision is therefore the treatment of choice in brain abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Wilms' tumor metastatic to the orbit.

In a 2 1/2-year-old boy, a proptotic right lower lid developed one year after a primary abdominal mass proved to be Wilms' tumor. An orbital abscess or fungal infection was considered because the child was receiving chemotherapy. However, echography demonstrated a firm orbital mass, delineated its dimensions, and showed destruction of the orbital floor. The biopsy specimen showed metastatic tumor cells. Lile neuroblastoma and certain hematologic and reticuloendothelial malignant neoplasms, Wilms' tumor may secondarily invade the ocular adnexa.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

A computational model of pulmonary gas transport incorporating effective diffusion.

A computational model of gas transport in the lung is described which remedies many of the deficiencies of previous models, as listed by Chang and Farhi (1973), in that it allows for fluctuating lung dimensions, gas exchange, simultaneous convection and diffusion, and the enhanced effective diffusion that occurs when convective flow is also present. The results of calculations using the model are presented, showing the maximum effect of Taylor diffusion. The actual magnitude of Taylor diffusion, suitably modified to allow for the disturbed conditions within the lung, is considered in the light of recent experiments.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1977

Occult lumbar spinal stenosis.

Twenty-eight patients presenting with low back pain, associated with sciatic or femoral neuropathy, were found to have lateral recess stenosis occurring as a result of hypertrophy of the facet joints, with preservation within normal limits of the sagittal AP diameter of the lumbar canal. Pathology was believed to be traumatic in origin, and the variable nature of the adhesions suggested recurrent inflammation; the hypertrophy of the facet joints may have been the result of traumatic inflammatory hyperaemia. Radiological investigations were unhelpful. The diagnosis of the condition was made at the time of surgical exploration by the findings of alteration of the facet joints, adhesions and fixity of the nerve roots, normal sagittal AP diameter of the canal, and absence of other significant lesions. Gratifying results were obtained with decompression by wide laminectomy with excision of overhanging facet joints and release of adhesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Relationship of leukocyte elastase concentration to severity of emphysema in homozygous alpha1-antitrypsin-deficient persons.

In 9 alpha1-antitrypsin-deficient (PiZZ) persons 40 to 53 years of age, the relationships between the concentration of elastolytic protease of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules and cigarette smoking, and the degree of abnormality in detailed pulmonary function tests were explored. Regardless of the statistical analytic approach used, elastase concentration was related more frequently and significantly than smoking history to the degree of abnormality observed in tests of pulmonary function. The data suggest that the severity of pulmonary dysfunction in PiZZ persons may be determined by variables other than age and cigarette smoking, including the concentration of elastolytic protease in leukocyte lysosomes.

Adult↗