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Biomedical subjects

J C Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to J C Taylor.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Reinforcement with gauze wrapping for ruptured aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery.

A 2- to 15-year follow-up study is presented of a series of 35 consecutive patients treated for ruptured aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery by reinforcement with gauze wrapping. Only one patient suffered early recurrent hemorrhage in the postoperative period, and none had a late hemorrhage. The procedure carried a relatively low mortality rate (8.6%). Morbidity was the direct sequel of preoperative conditions. Wrapping is an effective and safe treatment of these aneurysms, with a low mortality and morbidity, and freedom from occlusive infarcts.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Terbutaline and ephedrine in asthmatic children.

The effects of terbutaline, ephedrine, and placebo on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems have been compared in 24 asthmatic children. Ephedrine and terbutaline were both found to be effective bronchodilators, with onset of action within 30 minutes. The bronchodilator effect of ephedrine was maintained for three hours, while terbutaline was active for five hours. Terbutaline caused significantly greater improvement in pulmonary functions than did ephedrine. Both terbutaline and ephedrine were associated with clinically insignificant changes in blood pressure and pulse rate. The only significant side effect observed was hand tremor in children receiving terbutaline and this appeared only early in the course of drug treatment. There was no evidence of tolerance to the bronchodilator effect of ephedrine or terbutaline after eight weeks of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Unilateral proptosis due to midbrain tumour. A case report.

A case of unilateral proptosis attributed to midbrain tumour is reported. The proptosis disappeared after release of intracranial hypertension. The postulated mechanism of the unilateral proptosis on the left side is a relative increase in orbital venous stasis on that side, consequent upon intracranial hypertension.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Milk secretion in the rabbit: changes during lactation and the mechanism of ion transport.

Changes in the yield and composition of milk and in the permeability of the mammary epithelium to labelled disaccharides and ions have been studied during lactation in rabbits of the Dutch breed. 2. Milk yield increased to reach a peak on day 20 of lactation and then declined, but by 30-32 days the yield was still relatively high. Milk [protein] and [fat] increased in late lactation; [Na] and [Cl] decreased from early to established lactation (11-14 days) and then increased, whereas milk [K] and [lactose] showed an inverse pattern to that displayed by[Na] and [Cl]. 3. At all stages of lactation [Na] and [Cl] were both inversely related to milk [lactose] while [K] showed a positive correlation. 4. Labelled lactose and sucrose were found to cross the mammary epithelium at all stages but in increased amounts during late lactation. Sucrose entry from blood into milk was positively correlated with milk [Na], and inversely correlated with [K] and [lactose]. 5. The entry of (24)Na and (36)Cl into milk from blood paralleled the changes in milk [Na] and [Cl]. 6. Intracellular ionic composition determined in vitro was similar for [Na] and [K] in both established (11-14 days) and late (25-28 days) lactation, but [Cl] was higher in late lactation. 7. Intracellular potentials recorded in vivo were -31 mV (mean) and -36 mV in established and late lactation respectively. Transepithelial p.d. was close to zero at both stages. 8. It is suggested that ions and lactose and other small molecules can cross the mammary epithelium by a paracellular, as well as by a transcellular route, throughout lactation and that the paracellular pathway is increased in late lactation. 9. The site of the proposed paracellular pathway and the implications of such a pathway's presence on ion transport are discussed, and a scheme is suggested to account for the ionic composition of milk in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effects of prolactin and oxytocin on milk secretion and on the permeability of the mammary epithelium in the rabbit.

The effects of prolactin or oxytocin on milk secretion and the permeability of the mammary epithelium have been investigated in rabbits. 2. Milk yield was increased by prolactin treatment in late (25-28 days) but not in established (11-14 days) lactation. 3. Prolactin treatment increased milk [lactose] and [K] and decreased [Na] and [Cl] in late lactation, and thus reversed the normal changes in late lactation, but had no significant effect in established lactation. 4. [14C]sucrose movements from blood to milk were significantly decreased to levels characteristic of established lactation, following prolactin treatment in late lactation. No significant effect was evident with treatment in established lactation. Na and Cl movements showed similar trends. 5. It is suggested that prolactin in some way affects paracellular movements of ions and small molecules like lactose across the mammary epithelium, and that this mechanism is responsible for the changes in the composition of the aqueous phase of milk. 6. Immediately following a single dose of 100 m-u. oxytocin no significant effects on milk composition were evident but after 1 u. milk [Na] and [cl] were significantly increased. 7. Twenty-four hr after 1 u. oxytocin, milk [Na] and [cl] were decreased while [K], [lactose], [fat] and [protein] were increased. 8. During an I.V. infusion of oxytocin milk [Na] and [Cl] increased while [K] and [lactose] decreased. The passage of [(14)C]sucrose, 24Na and (36)Cl from blood to milk also increased. 9. These effects of oxytocin are discussed in relation to the permeability of the mammary epithelium and the pathways for ion movements, and to other studies on milk composition in the rabbit involving the administration of oxytocin to aid in the evacuation of milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in the West of Scotland, 1967-72.

Outbreaks of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis have occurred among workers in shipyards and other industrial concerns in the West of Scotland in 1956, 1967 and 1971-72. In the most recent episode 220 persons were known to be affected and those mainly involved were shipyard personnel working on the open decks of ships under construction; only a few non-industrial workers were affected. As in previous outbreaks adenovirus type 8 was shown to be the causal organism. It is likely that spread of the virus was probably facilitated in some of the patients by such procedures as first aid measures to remove foreign bodies from the eye. A survey of the family contacts of those affected in 1971-72 revealed that only 2% were secondarily infected. This was probably due to propaganda measures to discourage the use of communal face towels, etc.Despite close virological surveillance over a period of 6 years of patients attending opthalmic clinics in the West of Scotland, there is as yet no clue to the whereabouts of adenovirus type 8 during interepidemic periods. It is suggested that travellers might be responsible for the introduction of the infection into an area.

Adenoviridae↗