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Biomedical subjects

J C Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to J C Taylor.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Evaluation of a new highly purified pertussis vaccine in infants and children.

Purified acellular pertussis vaccine (12.5 micrograms of lymphocytosis promoting factor [LPF] and 12.5 micrograms of filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA]) was compared with conventional pertussis vaccine in a randomized double-blind study involving 40 children aged 4-6 y, 40 children aged 18-24 mo, and 50 infants. Increases in antibody were significantly greater among recipients of acellular vaccine than among recipients of conventional vaccine for antibodies to LPF in all age groups and for antibodies to FHA in infants and children aged 4-6 y; the increase in FHA antibody was also greater with acellular vaccine among children aged 18-24 mo but not significantly so. Compared with conventional vaccine, acellular vaccine was significantly associated with reduced frequency of leg pain and fretfulness at all ages and less frequent fever and anorexia at some ages. The reduced reaction rates and comparable or enhanced immunogenicity of the acellular vaccine make it an attractive candidate for larger field trials, particularly among infants.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

The sulfate activation locus of Escherichia coli K12: cloning, genetic, and enzymatic characterization.

The sulfate activation locus of Escherichia coli K12 has been cloned by complementation. The genes and gene products of this locus have been characterized by correlating the enzyme activity, complementation patterns, and polypeptides associated with subclones of the cloned DNA. The enzymes of the sulfate activation pathway, ATP sulfurylase (ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.4) and APS kinase (ATP:adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 3'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.25) have been overproduced approximately 100-fold. Overproduction of ATP sulfurylase requires the expression of both the cysD gene, encoding a 27-kDa polypeptide, and a previously unidentified gene, denoted cysN, which encodes a 62-kDa polypeptide. Purification of ATP sulfurylase to homogeneity reveals that the enzyme is composed of two types of subunits which are encoded by cysD and cysN. Insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene into plasmid or chromosomal cysN prevents sulfate activation and decreases expression of the downstream cysC gene. cysC appears to be the APS kinase structural gene and encodes a 21-kDa polypeptide. The genes are adjacent and are transcribed counterclockwise on the E. coli chromosome in the order cysDNC. cysN and cysC are within the same operon and cysDNC are not in an operon containing cysHIJ.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1987

Dominant inheritance of a syndrome similar to Rubinstein-Taybi.

Two sibs and their mother were affected with a syndrome like the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. All three individuals had broad terminal phalanges of the thumbs and great toes, antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures, and characteristic facial appearance with beaked noses. Four sibs of the mother had broad thumbs, suggesting a familial pattern. So far there has been no report of dominant transmission of the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. This family bears close resemblance to the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, which is transmitted as an autosomal or X-linked dominant trait. Inasmuch as the expressivity of the syndrome may be variable, we propose that a thorough family investigation is indicated in all apparently sporadic cases of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Familial cases may be more common than realized and require appropriate genetic counseling.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

The case for excision in the treatment of brain abscess.

A historical review of the literature of brain abscess is made and an examination of the universally high mortality and morbidity figures achieved in the past, mainly with conventional burrhole aspiration. A series of 50 cases of supratentorial brain abscess treated over a period of 12 years by immediate primary excision, is presented with discussion. Mortality rate, including patients in coma on admission, was 6%. Morbidity in survivors was correspondingly low.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Subdural empyema: a rational management plan. The case against craniotomy.

A review of the management of 34 patients with subdural empyema treated at the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary has been undertaken. It is concluded that craniotomy has little part to play in the management of patients with this condition. With modern, improved antimicrobials and prompt burr hole lavage complete recovery should be obtained in the majority of cases. The treatment of the severely ill patient is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Is antioxidant deficiency related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

This report describes an assay with the capability of detecting antioxidant activity of plasma and of purified proteins. The method is based on the enzymatic oxidation of plasma elastase inhibitory capacity of enzyme(s) in extracts of human lysosomes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, chloride, and magnesium ions. Using this method we measured the antioxidant activity of the plasma of 59 subjects. We detected a strong relationship between a deficiency in the antioxidant activity of plasma and the presence of a family history of lung disease (p less than 0.005), and an abnormal mean FEV1/FVC ratio (p less than 0.005).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cell-cycle-dependent expression of human melanoma membrane antigen analyzed by flow cytometry.

Knowledge of tumor antigenic expression is crucial to the design of therapeutic strategy. A murine monoclonal antibody (BE4) against a human melanoma membrane antigen, was used to study the in vitro expression of this antigen. By membrane immunofluorescence, BE4 reacted against 5 of 8 melanoma lines as compared to zero of 13 other cell populations. Using flow cytometry, the antigenic M14 CEM melanoma cells consisted of 40% to 60% of the total cell population. Dual-parameter measurements of DNA content and membrane antigen demonstrated that the nonantigenic cells were predominantly in G0/G1 phase, whereas the antigenic cells were distributed throughout the cell cycle. Within one passage, the sorted and recultured nonantigenic population demonstrated a similar proportion of antigenic cells as the unsorted original population. It was concluded that the expression of human melanoma antigen was cell-cycle-dependent. Understanding factors that turn off the expression of antigen in G0/G1 phase may lead to better immunotherapeutic strategies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Long-term captopril therapy: evolving hemodynamic effects.

Nine patients with resistant hypertension received captopril for 12 months. Five received captopril alone, four required additional therapy. In the former, mean blood pressure fell from 109 +/- 4.2 mm Hg to 84 +/- 7.5 mm Hg (P less than 0.025) after seven days. A rise to 101 +/- 19 mm Hg was noted at six and 12 months. Total peripheral resistance fell at seven days but returned to levels above control at six and 12 months. Cardiac index was 3.21 +/- 0.55 liters/min/m2 before treatment, 3.27 +/- 0.56 liters/min/m2 at seven days, and 2.17 +/- 4.0 liters/min/m2 (P less than 0.025) at 12 months. However, forearm blood flow rose from subnormal levels during the 12 months of observation, suggesting a persistent effect on the arterioles of the extremities. Plasma converting enzyme activity was significantly reduced at seven days but was above control levels at six and 12 months. However, plasma renin activity remained elevated, and plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly reduced. The fall in mean blood pressure was not related to the change in plasma converting enzyme activity in patients receiving captopril alone (five patients) or with diuretic (two patients). In the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade and volume depletion (two patients), changes in mean blood pressure appeared to be related to changes in converting enzyme activity. The data suggest that patients with essential hypertension whose blood pressure was not adequately controlled by previous medications may initially respond to captopril with a fall in blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. However, in certain individuals, these effects diminish with time despite addition of diuretics and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ceruloplasmin: plasma inhibitor of the oxidative inactivation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor.

When leukocyte lysosomal extracts are used as a source of elastase and are combined with a fraction of plasma containing sufficient alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-Pi) to inhibit all but 30 to 40% of the elastase amidase activity, elastolysis occurs at 69% of the rate of the uninhibited elastase controls (0.125 M NaCl; pH, 6.5). Proteolysis of elastin requires the presence of NaCl. At pH 8.6, elastolysis is decreased to 30 to 40% of free elastase controls by 1.0 M NaCl. At pH 6.5, on the other hand, elastolysis is increased to 83% of the control values by these higher NaCl concentrations. The activity of human leukocyte myeloperoxidase is optimal at pH 6 to 6.5 and at NaCl concentrations between 0.25 and 1.0 M. Purified myeloperoxidase, alpha 1-Pi, and elastase, in the presence of NaCl and hydrogen peroxide, can reproduce this phenomenon at pH 6.5, suggesting that the occurrence of elastolysis in lysosomal extract-plasma mixtures may in part be a result of the oxidative inactivation of alpha 1-Pi by myeloperoxidase present in the lysosomal extract. Human ceruloplasmin, the major antioxidant of plasma, inhibits this myeloperoxidase-dependent reaction, without interfering either with free elastase activity or with the appearance of activity in plasma-lysosomal extract mixtures at pH 8.6. The "antioxidant" activity of ceruloplasmin is inhibited by azide. These results suggest that antioxidants such as ceruloplasmin may be an important determinant of lung defense in persons chronically exposed to oxidants.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1982

Primary intranasal encephalocele. Report of four cases.

Four cases of primary intranasal encephalocele are presented. Three of the patients had been treated for nasal polyps. One of these three patients presented with persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea after fourth a polypectomy, another with recurrent CSF rhinorrhea and bacterial meningitis following a second polypectomy, and the third case with recurrence of meningitis, also following polypectomy. Recurrent bacterial meningitis was the mode of presentation in the fourth case. Encephalocele was the isolated abnormality in three, but the fourth had a degree of associated hypertelorism. The diagnosis of encephalocele should be considered in any patient with a nasal polyp, especially in children and in patients with recurrent bacterial meningitis, with or without rhinorrhea, in the absence of cranial trauma or surgery, or in the absence of external craniospinal anatomical defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Long-term treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with carbamazepine.

The results of treating 143 patients with trigeminal neuralgia with carbamazepine (CBZ) over a 16-year period have been reviewed. The drug was effective initially with few mild side effects in 99 patients (69%). Of these, 19 developed resistance later, i.e. between 2 months and 10 years after commencing treatment, and required alternative measures. Of the remaining 80 (56%), the drug was effective in 49 for 1-4 years and in 31 for 5-16 years. Thirty-six patients (25%) failed to respond to CBZ initially and required alternative measures, as did 8 (6%) who were intolerant of the drug. One patient developed CBZ-induced water intoxication with hyponatraemia. Subsequently hyponatraemia was excluded in 17 patients who had been taking CBZ for between 4 months and 7 years. This study has thus confirmed the efficacy of CBZ in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and shown that it may continue to be effective for many years.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Platelet malondialdehyde in cardiovascular disease: effect of prosthetic heart valves and cardioactive drugs on production.

Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of platelet lipid peroxidation, was measured in human platelet-rich plasma. Levels of 3.19 n moles/10(9) platelets /+- 0.40 S.E. in 11 patients with prosthetic heart valves were elevated (p < 0.25) compared to 17 normal subjects (2.09 /+- 0.13 n moles/10(9) platelets). Reduced production (1.44 /+- 0.28 n moles/10(9) platelets, p < 0.5) was found in 10 patients with unstable angina. Normal levels were found in patients with mitral stenosis, cardiomyopathy or hypertension. Usual serum levels of drugs used in cardiac treatment reduced MDA levels as follows: acetaminophen, 47% (p < .01); aspirin, 58% (p < .05); furosemide, 32.6% (p < .005), and sulfinpyrazone, 41% (p < .05). Digoxin, dipyridamole, heparin, hydrochlorothiazide, lidocaine, nitroglycerin, procainamide, propranolol, quinidine, or warfarin had no significant effect at therapeutic concentrations. None of the drugs explained the enhanced production in patients with prosthetic valves while enhanced production in patients with prosthetic valves while analgesic therapy could explain the decreased levels in other cardiacs. The half-time of platelet survival, measured by suppression of malondialdehyde production, was 3.2 /+- 0.24 days in 9 normal subjects but could not be measured reliably in most patients because of multiple drug therapies. We conclude that the blood platelets of patients with prosthetic heart valves differ from those of normal subjects in their capacity to release malondialdehyde after stimulation with n-ethylmaleimide. Additionally, we find that inhibition of malondialdehyde production by several pharmacologic agents limits the usefulness of this method for the measurement of platelet survival in cardiac patients.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1980

Familial temperature sensitive alpha 1 protease inhibitor (M1Anaheim).

An alpha 1 protease inhibitor which is sensitive to increased temperatures and which migrates in the same position as the normal M1 phenotype, has been identified. The sensitivity of the trypsin inhibitory capacity is an inherited characteristic, which is enhanced by acid conditions, as well as conditions during isoelectric focusing. Loss of the serum trypsin inhibitory capacity is not parallel to that of the serum elastase capacity, suggesting that the inhibitory sites for these proteases are oriented differently within the alpha 1 protease inhibitor molecule.

Adult↗