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Biomedical subjects

J Burns

Publications and source records attributed to J Burns.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Fibronectin and type III collagen in epithelial neoplasms of gastrointestinal tract and salivary gland.

The distribution of fibronectin (FN) and collagen type III (IIIC) have been compared in a series of epithelial neoplasms from the gastrointestinal tract and salivary gland. The difficulty of distinguishing between FN of epithelial and fibroblastic origin is emphasised and evidence is presented for the validity of this distinction. In carcinomas FN was sometimes, but not invariably, lost from epithelial cell surfaces. Both FN and IIIC were increased in reactive connective tissue stroma. It is concluded that loss of cell surface FN is unlikely to be a useful diagnostic marker for malignancy, but that the occurrence of this phenomenon in vivo as in vitro indicates that it is biologically significant.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Ultrastructural localisation of fibronectin in mouse kidney.

The ultrastructural localisation of fibronectin in mouse kidney was investigated by indirect immunoperoxidase cytochemistry. In glomeruli, fibronectin was found predominantly in matrix between endothelial and mesangial cells. Smaller quantities were demonstrable in peripheral capillary walls both subendothelially and around visceral epithelial cell foot processes. It was present between parietal epithelial cells and Bowman's capsule and at the base of tubular epithelial cells outlining the inner aspect of tubular basement membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Coalworkers' simple pneumoconiosis and exposure to dust at 10 British coalmines.

Five physicians' radiological assessments of coalworkers' simple pneumoconiosis (CWP) in 2600 coalminers at 10 British collieries have been studied in relation to the individuals' estimated lifetime (mean 33 years) exposure to respirable coalmine dust. Estimates of exposure were based on 20 years of observations at each colliery. Radiographic classifications were clearly associated with the measures of dust exposure. Important unexplained differences between some of the collieries were disclosed. Among men with similar cumulative dust exposures those with longer exposure time had higher prevalence of CWP. In general there was no evidence that the quartz concentrations experienced (average 5% of mixed dust) affected the probability of developing coalworkers' simple pneumoconiosis. Some men reacted unfavourably (two or more steps of change on the 12-point radiological scale) over a 10-year period to coalmine dust with a relatively high quartz content.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Presence of fibronectin in pneumoconiotic lesions.

During the last 10 years our investigations have confirmed that collagen is not the major protein material in the lesions of progressive massive fibrosis of coal workers. In previous studies it was demonstrated that a substance similar in composition to fibrin was an important component in these masses. We report immunohistochemical studies on the lungs of seven coalworkers which show that the complex extracellular material in six of the lesions of massive fibrosis contains fibronectin. Preliminary observations indicate that fibronectin is also present in the lesions of silicosis and asbestosis.

Fibronectins↗
PubMed1981

Reduced menstrual blood loss by release of an antifibrinolytic agent from intrauterine contraceptive devices.

Lippes Loop and Multiload intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) were fitted with silicone rubber sleeves which either did not contain any compound (blank) or contained the antifibrinolytic agent, epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA. In vitro measurements showed that the antifibrinolytic agent was released from the sleeves for a period of 20 days. After insertion into women, the blank Lippes Loop IUDs and Multiload IUDs as well as copper-containing Multiload IUDs caused a significant increase in blood loss beginning with the first menstrual cycle after insertion. The enhanced blood loss was generally retained during subsequent menstrual cycles. By contrast, the menstrual blood loss induced by IUDs containing EACA sleeves was not significantly greater during the first menstrual cycle after insertion that the preinsertion levels. When no more EACA was released, menstrual blood loss increased to approximately the same level as that observed with the blank and copper IUDs. Thus, release of EACA from an IUD retains menstrual blood loss at approximately physiologic levels. These results encourage the development of IUDs that are capable of releasing antifirbrinolytic agents over a long period so that the antimenorrhagic effect is maintained.

Aminocaproic Acid↗
PubMed1981

Mallory bodies in alcoholic liver disease: identification of cytoplasmic filament/cell membrane and unique antigenic determinants by monoclonal antibodies.

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have been produced to Mallory body protein (MBP) extracted from isolated Mallory bodies (MBs). The polyclonal antibodies reveal a unique determinant in MBs. The first monoclonal antibody (anti-JMB1) detects a second unique determinant (JMB1) in MBs which is not detectable in normal hepatocytes. The second monoclonal antibody (anti-JMB2) shows that MBs contain another determinant which is associated with the cell and nuclear membranes and a cytoplasmic filament system of normal hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium; this antigen is not detectable in the cell membranes or cytoplasmic filament systems of hepatocytes which contain MBs. The third monoclonal antibody (anti-JMB3) reacts only with an antigen (JMB3) in mesenchymal cells of alcoholic cirrhotic liver and its significance, at this time, is unclear. It is suggested that the metabolism of JMB1, JMB2, and JMB3 antigens is deranged in hepatocytes damaged by alcohol. It is concluded that the antigenic structure of MBs is more complex than hitherto realised and that all of these antigens are distinct from prekeratin (a component of epidermal cell intermediate filaments).

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1981

Mallory bodies in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease contain a common antigenic determinant.

An immunohistochemical technique is described for the detection of Mallory bodies (MBs) in paraffin sections of liver tissue. This is based on proteolytic digestion of sections before exposure to an antiserum which recognises a unique antigenic determinant in MBs. With the use of this procedure it has been shown in alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis. Indian childhood cirrhosis, Wilson's disease, diabetes mellitus, and hepatocellular cancer that the MBs found in these disorders contain this unique antigenic determinant. It is postulated, therefore, that the mechanism of formation of MBs is similar in liver diseases of diverse aetiology. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the immunohistochemical procedure is more sensitive than routine staining; MBs were detected in five out of 12 fatty livers by immunohistochemical and only in one by H and E staining. As MBs in fatty livers were not associated with polymorph filtration or fibrogenesis it is argued that MB formation is not an absolute prerequisite for the progression of acute to chronic liver disease.

Endoplasmic Reticulum↗
PubMed1981

Immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, human renal biopsies with a comparison of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and indirect methods.

The results of immunoperoxidase staining of 33 routinely processed renal biopsies correlated with the results of direct immunofluorescence in 79% of tests performed. Most of the discrepant results were due to positive immunoperoxidase staining, possibly reflecting greater sensitivity of the method. A comparison of two immunoperoxidase methods showed that the indirect method produced less intense staining than the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method when equivalent primary antibody titres were used. Lowering the primary antibody titres for the indirect technique resulted in equivalent staining by the two methods. Predigestion by protease VII effectively revealed the antigens under study without causing tissue damage or section loss.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Classification of chest radiographs for epidemiological purposes by people not experienced in the radiology of pneumoconiosis.

Under controlled conditions 16 people (eight non-medical) inexperienced in the radiology of occupational lung diseases repeatedly classified 300 selected chest radiographs using the 1971 ILO U/C International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses. Eight experienced medical readers had previously classified 220 of the selected radiographs for profusion of small rounded opacities. Variability among readers was greater in experimental panels than among the experienced readers. But the average consistency between pairs of novice readers in their use of the 12 categories of profusion for the same radiographs was similar (about 29%) to the average consistency among the experienced readers. Subsequent work with nine of the participants showed that eight of them were able to produce classifications of coal miners' chest radiographs that correlated well with estimates the miners' exposures to respirable coal mine dust. It is concluded that the ILO classification scheme provides a sound descriptive system for recording the appearances of chest radiographs. Under controlled conditions the scheme may be used for epidemiological studies by those with no specialist knowledge or clinical experience. This presupposes that the radiographs concerned will have been examined previously for diagnostic purposes by a suitable qualified physician.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Recovery following brainstem hemorrhage.

Two patients made virtually complete recoveries following hemorrhage within the brainstem. Progressive clinical deterioration in each case was managed surgically by evacuation of the hemorrhagic lesion in 1 case and treatment of secondary hydrocephalus in both. Computerized tomographic scanning proved essential for nonsurgical diagnosis and later management.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Autosomal dominant cerebrovascular amyloidosis: properties of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Selected properties of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from five ambulatory affected individuals of a kindred with autosomal dominant cerebrovascular amyloidosis were studied. The percentage of PBLs bearing surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg+ cells) was increased in the patient group (30 +/- 3% versus 20 +/- 2%; p less than 0.05). The percentage of PBLs forming early and total E-rosettes was comparable in patient and control groups. Mitogenic response to concanavalin A (Con A) was suggestively reduced in the patient group, measured both by total 3H-thymidine incorporation and by comparison of stimulation indices. Mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed was comparable in the two groups. Capping of Con A by PBLs was significantly reduced in the patient group compared with the controls (13 +/- 1% versus 26 +/- 2%; p less than 0.01). The findings of reduced Con A response and increased SmIg+ cells support the hypothesis that immune dysfunction contributes to the development of amyloidosis. The reduced capping suggests altered membrane properties in this autosomal dominant disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Immunoperoxidase localisation of fibronectin in glomeruli of formalin fixed paraffin processed renal tissue.

An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate fibronectin in sections of routine formalin fixed paraffin embedded renal tissue. Previous exposure of the sections to a solution of pepsin (4 mg/ml) in 0.01 N HCl for 2 h at 37 degrees C was essential in order to demonstrate antigenicity of fibronectin previously masked by fixation and embedding procedures.

Fibronectins↗
PubMed1980

Distribution of fibronectin in normal and diseased human kidneys.

The distribution of fibronectin in 42 renal biopsies was investigated using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique on paraffin sections of formalin-fixed material. Biopsies were obtained from normal human kidneys and from patients with a variety of glomerular disorders. In normal glomeruli, fibronectin was present in Bowman's capsule, in the mesangium, and outlining peripheral capillary loops. A significant increase in fibronectin was observed in most types of glomerulopathy with a distribution closely related to the histopathological diagnosis. Fibronectin was diminished or absent in segmental scars, old diabetic nodules, and hyalinised glomeruli.

Diabetic Nephropathies↗
PubMed1979

Effect of oxipurinol and allopurinol riboside on whewellite crystallization: in vitro and in vivo observations.

Solubility measurements, seeded crystal growth kinetics, solution depletion adsorption studies, nucleation observations, zeta potential measurements, and measurements of in vivo intrarenal crystallization all failed to show that either oxipurinol or allopurinol riboside interacts with calcium, oxalate, or whewellite (CaC2O4.H2O) at concentrations expected in therapeutic situations. We conclude that at therapeutically expected concentrations, oxipurinol and allopurinol riboside do not affect crystallization of calcium oxalate.

Allopurinol↗