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Biomedical subjects

J Burns

Publications and source records attributed to J Burns.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Correlation between serum ionised calcium and serum albumin concentrations in two hospital populations.

One quarter of 172 patients from two hospitals with no obvious disturbances of calcium homeostasis and with total serum calcium concentrations that were normal after adjustment for albumin concentration had low serum ionised calcium concentrations. The low values were not due to changes in pH but were associated with hypoalbuminaemia. Significant positive regressions of ionised calcium on albumin concentration were observed in patients from both hospitals and also in 48 healthy laboratory staff. Because the regressions did not differ between patients and healthy subjects the low ionised calcium values associated with hypoalbuminaemia are unlikely to have been of pathological importance. These findings indicate that interpreting serum ionised calcium concentrations in patients with a reduced serum albumin concentration on the basis of a reference range determined in subjects with a normal serum albumin concentration may be clinically misleading.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of human splenic macrophages and lymphocytes by countercurrent centrifugal elutriation.

Certain tissues, such as the spleen, are rich sources of mononuclear phagocytes (MP); however, separating the phagocytes from tissues and removing the contaminating cells have been difficult. We report here a method for the extraction and purification of human splenic MP that employs gentle homogenization of splenic fragments with a Tenbroeck tissue homogenizer, controlled digestion with purified collagenase to free MP from splenic stroma, incubation with DNase to dissociate cell clumps and purification by countercurrent centrifugal elutriation (CCE). With homogenization and enzymatic digestion most of the splenic nonspecific-esterase-positive cells are freed into suspension as determined by morphometric analysis of 2 micron sections from plastic embedded spleen stained for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANB). Overall cell recovery after homogenization and enzyme treatment is 56 +/- 7%; no selective cell loss occurs as determined by differential cell counts at each purification step. CCE of up to 3 X 10(9) treated spleen cells results in recovery of 63 +/- 6% of the elutriated cells and separates nearly 50% of the recovered MP into enriched fractions. These MP are morphologically intact as determined by light and electron microscopy and are actively phagocytic. Highly purified (96%) autologous splenic lymphocytes are a useful by-product of this separation technique.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1984

Type A behavior and illness in general.

Based on questionnaire responses from 206 college women, relationships were found between the Type A and Speed and Impatience factors from the Jenkins Activity Survey and various indicators of illness. Those scoring high on these factors reported considerably more physical symptoms, in general, than those scoring low. The Speed and Impatience factor showed up more strongly, being related to gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, sleep disorders, and chest pains. These findings, therefore, suggest that the coronary-prone Type A behavior pattern is implicated in illness problems beyond the vascular system.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Localized constrictive radial neuropathy in the absence of extrinsic compression: three cases.

Three patients, one with bilateral disease, experienced spontaneous onset of radial nerve dysfunction. Each demonstrated significant motor paralysis and had surgical exploration 3 weeks to 3 months after symptoms were first noted. All three patients showed well-localized hourglass constrictions of the radial nerve that could not be attributed to extrinsic compression. Each subsequently required tendon transfers for a persistent radial nerve palsy. Each showed electrical evidence of late recovery, although this was incomplete in two out of three.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Collagen stimulating factors in hepatic fibrogenesis.

Four factors which stimulate collagen synthesis and prolyl hydroxylase activity in cultures of human and mouse fibroblasts have been isolated by molecular sieve chromatography from animal and human fibrotic and cirrhotic livers. These factors do not stimulate protein or DNA synthesis or total DNA in these cultures. It has also been shown that these factors, designated collagen stimulating factors F1-F4, do not owe their activity to ascorbate or glutamine. Collagen stimulating factors are heat stable, and F1 and F2 have apparent molecular weights of about 4000 and 1000 respectively. Since these factors are not present in normal animal or human liver it is suggested that they may be responsible for increased collagen production in vivo in hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Gated cardiac tomographic visualization of coronary artery calcification.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is usually detected by fluoroscopy or on cine films during coronary angiography, but measurement of the calcification is not possible. Gated tomography of the heart provides a full sized image with high contrast spatial resolution of 0.1 mm and low contrast spatial resolution of 0.76 mm. The radiation exposure to the heart is between 1-5% of that experienced with coronary cinefluorography . Measurement of the diameter of calcium deposits is possible and calcium that could be related to arterial stenosis may be identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Tetanus toxoid reactive T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes of 6 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were cultured with tetanus toxoid (TT) and irradiated autologous antigen presenting cells (APC) followed by propagation of the responding T-cells in interleukin-2 containing medium. TT-reactive cell lines were recovered from 4 of the 6 CSF samples, even though the patients had not been TT booster immunized in recent years. These findings suggest an active circulation of antigen reactive lymphocytes from the systemic immune compartment(s) into the CSF even without recent activation by booster immunization. Since immune reactions to TT are very unlikely to be pathogenic in MS, these findings also indicate that presence of CSF lymphocytes reactive to a particular antigen does not necessarily imply a causal role.

Antigens↗
PubMed1984

Recovery of myelin basic protein reactive T cells from spinal cords of Lewis rats with autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Mononuclear cells were isolated from the spinal cords of 13 Lewis rats with clinical EAE induced by immunization with MBP in complete Freund's adjuvant. MBP-reactive lymphocytes were recovered from nine of these 13 SC-MNC populations by in vitro culture with MBP, followed by propagation of responding lymphocytes in IL 2-containing medium. T cell subset phenotype determination indicated a predominance of helper phenotype T cells in each of the two cultures examined. Clinical EAE was induced in naive Lewis rats by adoptive transfer of MBP-reactive lymphocytes recovered from three of these cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Paper-tape occlusion of anthralin paste. A new outpatient therapy for psoriasis.

We present a new method for the outpatient use of anthralin paste in the treatment of psoriasis. By instructing the patient to cover the nightly paste application with semipermeable paper tape, we devised a practical and easy method for home therapy. In a study of 12 patients with unresponsive plaque-type psoriasis, six responded with 90% or better clearing of treated sites and two with 70% clearing, compared with symmetrical control sites. Four patients showed no substantial improvement. The average duration of therapy was 11 weeks. A three-month reevaluation of the conditions of these patients disclosed that improvement had been substantially maintained. Despite the tape occlusion, irritation was a manageable problem, except in three patients who had to halt therapy. Although less effective than conventional inpatient anthralin paste regimens, this method is more cost-effective for those with limited plaque disease.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Progressive oropharyngeal dysfunction in a dog.

A dog with an acquired, progressive oropharyngeal dysphagia also had a myopathy-neuropathy. It was clinically similar to criocopharyngeal achalasia, and could easily have been confused with it, even with fluoroscopic evaluation. Conservative medical therapy was instituted since cricopharyngeal myotomy could have caused severe aspiration and death. Resolution was apparently due to anti-inflammatory therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of myelin basic protein-reactive T-cell lines from normal human blood.

T-Cell lines which responded by proliferation to the autoantigen, myelin basic protein (MBP), were isolated from the blood of six of nine normal humans. These T-cell lines could be maintained in in vitro culture for up to 2 months through the use of Interleukin 2 and repeated MBP stimulation. Optimal antigen-induced proliferation required both antigen and antigen-presenting cells found in the adherent cell population of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). The T-cell lines were predominantly of the helper phenotype (OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-) and responded to both human and guinea pig myelin basic protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

IL-2 secretion by soluble antigen-reactive human T-cell clones.

Human tetanus toxoid specific T-cell lines and clones capable of producing IL-2 were established. IL-2 production occurred only when the antigen-specific T cells were cultured with both tetanus toxoid antigen and an autologous, irradiated adherent cell population. The T-cell lines and clones remained strictly dependent on exogenous IL-2 for proliferation at all other times. Phenotypic characterization with monoclonal antibodies recognizing T-cell subsets revealed that the antigen-specific lines and clones bore predominantly OKT3 and OKT4 markers with essentially no OKT8 positive cells present. T-cell clones which were demonstrated to secrete IL-2 activity could also partially deplete media of IL-2 if cultured in the absence of soluble antigen and irradiated adherent cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Comparative distribution of fibronectin and type III collagen in normal human tissues.

The distribution of fibronectin (FN) and type III collagen (IIIC) in normal adult human tissues have been directly compared using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques on fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded material. Although in many tissues localisation of these two proteins appeared similar, two major differences were identified: (1) Where the ratio of extracellular matrix to cells is high (e.g. in breast, intestinal submucosa), FN was scanty and present predominantly in association with cells, whether of epithelial, endothelial or mesenchymal origin. IIIC was present diffusely throughout interstitial connective tissue. (2) In the highly specialised vascular beds of spleen and renal glomeruli, FN was abundant and accompanied by little or no IIIC. It is postulated that these differences reflect a generalised more intimate association of FN with cell surfaces and basal laminae which is not always discernible by light microscopy. Proximity of FN and IIIC may nevertheless be important for cell-matrix interactions. It was also noted that "reticulin" fibres as defined by silver impregnation do not all have an identical composition.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of collagen stimulating factors from healing wounds.

Five factors (collagen stimulating factors) have been isolated from healing murine skin wounds which stimulate prolyl hydroxylase activity and collagen synthesis in mouse fibroblasts in vitro. These factors stimulate general protein synthesis to a much smaller extent. Collagen stimulating factors are detectable in wounds three days after healing begins and disappear after six days when healing is complete. These data indicate that these factors may modulate collagen production during wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immune complex nephritis in alcoholic cirrhosis: detection of Mallory body antigen in complexes by means of monoclonal antibodies to Mallory bodies.

A Mallory body (alcoholic hyaline) antigen (JMB2) which is also present in intermediate filaments of epithelial origin was demonstrated immunohistochemically in renal glomeruli of three out of eleven patients with alcoholic liver damage. In two of these patients, both of whom had alcoholic cirrhosis with Mallory bodies, it was associated with mesangial deposits of IgA and C3. JMB2 was not found in glomeruli of normal controls, nor in a series of cases of glomerulonephritis in non-alcoholic patients. It is concluded that JMB2 is present in immune complexes in renal glomeruli of patients with renal disease consequent on alcoholic liver disease.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗