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Biomedical subjects

J Baum

Publications and source records attributed to J Baum.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Alterations in stromal glycoconjugates in macular corneal dystrophy.

Nine biotinylated lectins were used as histochemical probes to localize the carbohydrates residues of glycoconjugates in normal corneas and in corneas with macular and granular dystrophy. The lectin binding patterns of normal corneas and of corneas with granular dystrophy were indistinguishable from one another, but were distinctly different from those found in corneas with macular dystrophy. Concanavalin A reacted weakly with normal corneal stromal matrix, but stained stromal matrix of corneas with macular dystrophy intensely. Furthermore, unlike the normal corneal matrix, stromal matrix of corneas with macular dystrophy reacted positively with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), Ulex europeus I, Dolichos biflorus, Bandeiraea simplicifolia I, Bandeiraea simplicifolia II, and soybean and peanut lectins. This study demonstrates specific alterations in glycoconjugates which occur in the corneal matrix of patients with macular dystrophy, namely the presence of oligosaccharides with terminal alpha-fucose, beta-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine residues, and oligosaccharide chains with a beta-galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine sequence.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ocular toxicity of intravitreally injected liposomal amphotericin B in rhesus monkeys.

We determined whether liposome-intercalated amphotericin B was less toxic than commercial amphotericin B when injected intravitreally in the primate. Three rhesus monkeys were studied on each of three occasions. Each eye received increasing doses of amphotericin B (10, 20, or 30 micrograms) or liposome-intercalated amphotericin B (40, 80, or 120 micrograms) as a single intravitreal injection. There were often transient inflammatory changes in the anterior chamber and all eyes showed an acute cellular infiltrate in the vitreous humor after injection. These reactions had resolved by eight weeks after injection of the low or intermediate doses of amphotericin B (10 or 20 micrograms) or liposome-intercalated amphotericin B (40 or 80 micrograms) but left a mild vitreal infiltrate in the high-dose groups (30 micrograms of amphotericin B or 120 micrograms of liposome-intercalcated amphotericin B). Histologic examination at the end of the third experiment showed no abnormalities. These studies suggest that liposome incorporation reduces the toxicity of amphotericin B by at least fourfold and that as much as 30 micrograms of commercial amphotericin B may be tolerated by the intravitreal route in the rhesus monkey.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1985

Beauvaria bassiana keratitis.

The cornea of a 64-year-old white male underwent progressive thinning following removal of a foreign body and after treatment with topical antibiotics and corticosteroid. Initial attempts at laboratory identification of an infectious agent were negative. The process progressed to corneal perforation. After a penetrating keratoplaty, histopathological examination of host button tissue showed a fungus, identified as Beauvaria bassiana on culture.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1985

Rabbit corneal endothelial cell surface glycoproteins.

Sialic acid residues of plasma membrane glycoproteins of rabbit corneal endothelial cells were radiolabeled by oxidation with sodium periodate and reduction with sodium borotritide. Surface-labeled glycoproteins were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The major surface labeled glycoproteins were designated GP 1-8 in order of their increasing mobility on the gel (M.W. = 220K (GP-1), 200K (GP-2), 170K (GP-3), 135K (GP-4), 110K (GP-5), 95K (GP-6), 80K (GP-7), and 44K (GP-8). On the basis of the behavior of these glycoproteins on various carrier-bound lectins, preliminary information concerning their saccharide moieties was obtained. All 8 components bound to agarose-linked wheat germ agglutinin; GP 4-6 bound to concanavalin A and GP 6-7 bound to Ricinus communis agglutinin. No component bound to Bandeiraea simplicifolia I, Bandeiraea simplicifolia II, Ulex europeus or soybean agglutinin. These data suggest that in addition to the presence of sialic acid/N-acetylglucosamine residues in all the eight glycoproteins, oligosaccharides with terminal beta-galactose residues occur in GP-6 and GP-7 while mannose (glucose) residues occur in GP 4-6.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of fibroblastic and endothelial extracellular matrices on corneal endothelial cells.

Extracellular matrices (ECM) isolated from chick embryo fibroblast and human and rabbit corneal stromal cells induce polarization and elongation of corneal endothelial cells in culture. ECM isolated from rabbit corneal or bovine aortic endothelial cells neither polarize nor elongate corneal endothelial cells in culture. By indirect immunofluorescence, fibronectin is seen as arrays of long fibers in fibroblastic ECM, whereas in endothelial ECM, fibronectin is found in discreet foci as short fibers. The morphology corneal endothelial cells in culture is associated with the structure of the ECM laid down; short fibers in clusters associated with a typical polygonal shape, long polarized fibers inducing a fibroblastic-like appearance. ECM isolated from both fibroblastic or endothelial sources promote cell growth. Since coating the plastic with plasma fibronectin or denatured collagen does not promote endothelial cell growth, the authors assume the polymerized fibronectin network or a component bound to this network enhances the growth of corneal endothelial cells cultured in the presence of serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Clinical manifestations of dry eye states.

Diagnosis of a dry eye is facilitated by prompt recognition of pertinent signs and symptoms and by utilisation of those office and laboratory procedures which help to confirm the diagnosis. Prior knowledge of those systemic diseases associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) alert the practitioner to a possible dry eye state. Conversely, a diagnosis of KCS may prompt recognition of a hitherto unsuspected systemic disease. In this review, I will discuss the signs and symptoms of KCS, its association with various systemic conditions, as well as the tests and procedures that contribute to its diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Thiemann's disease.

Two cases of Thiemann's disease in children are reported for the first time from North America. A history of swollen, tender proximal interphalangeal joints with radiographic evidence of irregularities of the epiphyses leading to premature fusion and subsequent shortening of the middle phalanges resulted in this diagnosis. Recognition of these features should lead to its more frequent diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Reduced toxicity of liposome-associated amphotericin B injected intravitreally in rabbits.

The ocular toxicity of liposome-intercalated amphotericin B and commercial amphotericin B were compared after intravitreal injection in healthy pigmented rabbits. Ophthalmoscopic observations over 5 weeks following a single intravitreal injection showed vitreal band formation and focal retinal damage after doses of commercial amphotericin B as low as 5 micrograms. Such lesions were not seen in animals given liposomal amphotericin B in doses up to 20 micrograms. Histopathologic examination showed areas of retinal atrophy or necrosis in five of 16 rabbits given commercial amphotericin B in doses of 5-20 micrograms but in none of 16 rabbits given the same doses of liposomal amphotericin B (P = 0.02). Small white vitreal bodies were seen clinically in virtually all animals given liposomal amphotericin B or "empty" (drug-free) liposomes but in only a few animals given commercial amphotericin B; these deposits may represent residual lipid. Concentrations of amphotericin B ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 micrograms per ml of vitreous humor 5 weeks after injection of 5-20 micrograms of either formulation. These studies indicate that liposome association markedly reduces the ocular toxicity of amphotericin B.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1985

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome). Successful treatment with short term corticosteroids.

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by fever, tender skin lesions, and arthritis. Histopathologic examination shows a perivasculitis of the skin with lack of inflammation of vessels. It occurs in a female: male ratio of 4:1 with middle age females affected most frequently. We report a 17-year-old male with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis in whom the relationship between the arthritis, skin eruptions, white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are presented. The young man was treated with prednisone for only 5 days with complete resolution of the signs and symptoms and without relapse for 11 months.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Intrasaccular bubbles of near-zero surface tension stabilize neonatal lungs.

Mature rabbit fetuses produce intrapulmonary foam at the onset of breathing at birth. Bubbles establish a minimal volume immediately and require relatively little distending pressure for their formation. Stability of bubbles that are formed during both rapid spontaneous breathing in vivo and slow inflation-deflation of excised lungs is determined by the surfactant content of fetal pulmonary fluid (FPF). Mature bubbles can be delivered at atmospheric pressure from all aerated saccules by microdissection. When observed in air-equilibrated normal saline solution (NSS), their stability with time indicates that film surface tension (gamma) is very low, i.e., near-zero. When mature FPF is replaced with NSS, stable bubble production is absent. Conversely, supplementation of immature FPF with a surfactant dispersion prior to aeration induces bubbles that are as stable (near-zero gamma) as those from mature lungs. Proper mixing of the supplement, e.g., by repeated inflation-deflation, is required for proper distribution of foam in the immature fetal saccules. From these findings, it may be concluded that bubbles establish the condition for production of near-zero gamma in situ. The latter stabilizes the lung by sustaining normal liquid transfers (Pattle theory). In addition, bubble films promote mechanical stability by providing a saccular infrastructure that resists collapse and retards surface spreading.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Acute idiopathic corneal endotheliitis.

Seven patients presenting with acute corneal stromal edema without prior surgery, trauma, ocular disease or known exposure to noxious agents are reported. One patient had a severe iridocyclitis; two others subsequently developed herpetic keratouveitis. Four cases, however, were unassociated with other known ocular disease. All four of these patients exhibited keratic precipitates and displayed minimal or no flare and cells in the anterior chamber, although the latter was largely obscured by the corneal edema. In each of these four instances, the inflammation and corneal edema resolved following topical corticosteroid therapy. In two of the four cases, both children, antibody to Herpes simplex virus could not be identified. We suggest that, in patients without known prior corneal disease or trauma, acute diffuse corneal stroma edema may stem from severe iridocyclitis or a primary endotheliitis due either to herpetic infection, the recently described presumed autoimmune corneal endotheliopathy, or a condition which we herein designate acute idiopathic corneal endotheliitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Vernal conjunctivitis in the hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome.

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIE) appears to be related to an immunoregulatory imbalance characterized by severe deficiency of suppressor T cells, elevated levels of IgE antibodies, and repeated infection of various organ systems. We report the association of HIE syndrome in two definite cases and one probable case of vernal conjunctivitis. This association suggests that T cell-mediated imbalance may be one factor in the pathogenesis of vernal conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗