Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Baum

Publications and source records attributed to J Baum.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Transscleral iontophoresis as an adjunctive treatment for experimental endophthalmitis.

We examined the efficacy of transcleral iontophoresis as an adjunct to intravitreal injection in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas endophthalmitis in rabbits. Animals received no antibacterial treatment (untreated controls; group 1), a single intravitreal injection of 100 micrograms of gentamicin sulfate (group 2), or the same dose of gentamicin sulfate along with two treatments of transscleral iontophoresis given 24 and 48 hours after the intravitreal injection (group 3). Treatment was initiated 16, 24, or 48 hours after the induction of infection. For each interval from infection to treatment, there was a lower bacterial count and a higher rate of sterilization in the eyes in group 3 than in group 2; both treated groups had better outcomes than the untreated controls. These data suggest that transscleral iontophoresis could be clinically useful as a supplement to intravitreal injection for a refractory type of endophthalmitis such as that caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hypermobility: features and differential incidence between the sexes.

Six hundred sixty individuals from a music school were studied to determine the frequency of incidence and the nature of their hypermobility. They were interviewed and examined for the 5 recognized features of hypermobility (laxity of the thumbs, fingers, elbows, spine, and knees). The incidence of hypermobility, according to the number of joints involved, followed an empiric geometric law. Approximately 27% of the individuals had 1 lax joint, whereas only 3% possessed all 5 features. Specific features were present at different frequencies in the 2 sexes. The ratio of the occurrence of 2 features in women compared with the occurrence in men was 2:1. Ratios for the occurrence of 3, 4, and 5 features were 4:1, 8:1, and 3:1, respectively. Thus, hypermobility was a predominantly female characteristic. Joint laxity declined with age, although not to a statistically significant degree. In men, the decline started when they were in their mid-twenties; however, in women, joint laxity continued through the mid-forties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Optimal time for postoperative irradiation of pterygia.

A prospective study of the optimal time for postoperative beta irradiation of pterygia in 54 eyes of 54 patients suggested that immediate postoperative irradiation, given as a single dose of 2000 rad, was associated with a lower rate of recurrence than a similar dose given 4 days postoperatively. The authors suggest that patients with recurrent pterygia, selected to have postoperative beta radiation, receive the radiation as a single dose of 2000 rad at the end of the surgical procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Monitoring of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Advances in analytic technology have allowed clinical laboratories to accurately measure plasma levels of NSAIDs. With the exception of salicylate, however, there is no relationship, or only a weak one, between plasma NSAID levels and clinical responses. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring of NSAIDs other than salicylate is of little value to clinicians in their management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. On occasion, however, it may be helpful to monitor specific patients suspected of noncompliance by measuring plasma drug levels. Routine therapeutic drug monitoring of these NSAIDs must await further work on the refinement of quantitating clinical response and the possible relationship between free drug level and drug effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Anesthesia systems].

A clear understanding of technical details is essential for safe handling of anesthetic machines. Following the ideas of E.A. Ernst, it is suggested that anesthesia systems be differentiated according to the underlying principles of construction into rebreathing systems, flow- and valve-controlled non-rebreathing systems, and systems without reservoirs. This classification seems much clearer than the usual differentiation into closed, semiclosed, semiopen, and open systems, which is based upon functional criteria. Anesthesia systems must be understood as technical parts (hardware) of anesthetic machines with variable function according to the chosen fresh gas flow (software). An unequivocal characterization of an anesthetic system will only be possible if its technical properties are described together with the fresh gas flow used. Most anesthetic machines currently in use are equipped with a circle system and sophisticated monitoring, which is designed for the rebreathing technique. This technique can only be used advantageously, however, if the rebreathing system is used in conjunction with substantially reduced fresh gas flows.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1987

Transscleral iontophoresis of gentamicin in monkeys.

Experiments in rabbits have shown that the novel technique of transscleral iontophoresis is a safe, effective, noninvasive way to produce high concentrations of antibiotics in the vitreous humor. The authors have now studied the effects of repeated transscleral iontophoresis in the eyes of cynomolgus monkeys. Six treatments with gentamicin sulfate, 1.5 mA for 10 min, were applied to both eyes of three monkeys over a 2-week period. The concentrations of gentamicin in the vitreous humor 24 hr after treatment were determined for each eye on three occasions. The mean concentration was 28 micrograms/ml (range, 11-44 micrograms/ml) after the first treatment and 12 micrograms/ml (range, 2-21 micrograms/ml) after the fifth treatment. Indirect ophthalmoscopy completed after the last treatment showed only small retinal burns up to 2.5 mm in diameter in four eyes in the area of the pars plana over which the electrode had been applied. Electroretinograms were normal after treatment. These experiments confirm the efficacy and safety of transscleral iontophoresis in the primate's eye and suggest that investigations of this potentially useful technique are warranted in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A study of classification criteria for a diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Criteria for the classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were analyzed in a detailed database of 250 children in order to assess the accuracy of diagnosis and validity of onset types and course subtypes. A number of conclusions have been derived from this study: All definitions of the 1973 criteria for classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis should be retained. The addition of onset types to the 1976 revision of the criteria has been validated. The course of the disease after the onset period of 6 months is as important to the outcome of a group of children as is the onset type. The current classification should be broadened to include the course subtypes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Use of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in chronically ill, elderly patients with a decline in health status.

A decline in health status in a chronically ill, elderly patient could mean the progression of a known disease, depression, or the development of a new disease. The value of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in selecting patients in whom the likelihood of a new disease is high enough to warrant a diagnostic evaluation was studied. Subjects included long-term residents of a chronic-care hospital over age 65 in whom the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was determined because of a nonspecific, subacute change in health status (n = 98) or new, unexplained musculoskeletal complaints (n = 44). The target erythrocyte sedimentation rate-elevating diseases included infections, connective tissue diseases, and malignancies. Among the group with subacute deterioration, post-test probabilities (incorporating clinical data with test results) of a new disease ranged from 7 percent in those with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate below 20 mm per hour to 66 percent in those with a rate of 50 mm per hour or more. The comparable probabilities among the group with musculoskeletal complaints were 3 percent and 57 percent. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, an inexpensive test, although nonspecific, appears useful in deciding when to pursue expensive, and sometimes uncomfortable or hazardous, diagnostic evaluations. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is most useful among patients in whom the probability of disease is moderate (neither very high nor very low) following initial history-taking and examination.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Transscleral iontophoresis of cefazolin, ticarcillin, and gentamicin in the rabbit.

Corneal iontophoresis produces high concentrations of drugs in the anterior segment but not in the vitreous humor of the phakic eye, presumably because transport is impeded by the lens-iris barrier. We have used two modifications to produce high levels of commonly used antibiotics in the vitreous humor of the phakic rabbit eye: the device is placed over the pars plana, circumventing the lens-iris barrier; the contact area of the column of fluid is kept small (less than or equal to 1 mm diameter) so as to provide a high current density. Applying 2 mAmp for 10 minutes, we were able to achieve mean vitreal concentrations of cefazolin, ticarcillin, and gentamicin of 94-207 micrograms/ml in the normal rabbit eye. Drug penetration showed a correlation with strength of current (0.1-2 mAmp) and with duration of iontophoresis (1-10 minutes) but not with concentration of the drug solution. Transscleral iontophoresis is a promising noninvasive technique to achieve high vitreal levels of charged solutes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Localization of lectin binding sites in human, cat, and rabbit corneas.

Paraffin sections of human, cat, and rabbit corneas were stained with nine lectins, using an avidin-biotin-complex procedure to study glycoconjugates of the epithelium, keratocytes, and stromal matrix. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) stained plasma membranes of all epithelial cell layers of cat and human and superficial and wing cells of rabbit. Plasma membranes of superficial and wing cells of cat epithelium also stained with peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I). Human and cat keratocytes stained with WGA and RCA-I. Stromal matrices of all three species were stained with concanavalin A and lentil agglutinin. In neuraminidase-treated sections, the entire epithelium and keratocytes of all three species stained with PNA. Corneal sections from the three species did not stain with Bandeiraea simplicifolia I, Bandeiraea simplicifolia II, Ulex europeus I, and Soybean agglutinin. These data suggest the presence of oligosaccharides with: N-acetylglucosamine/sialic acid residues in cell membranes of corneal epithelium of all species studied and in the keratocytes of human and cat; terminal beta-galactose residues in cat and human keratocytes, beta-galactose-galactosamine chains in cat epithelial cell membranes; and sialic acid-beta-galactose-galactosamine chains in epithelial cell membranes and keratocytes of all three species.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Heat stroke. Therapeutic considerations in a case].

Heat stroke is an acute life-threatening disease requiring therapy immediate to cope with the severe pathophysiologic disturbances. Rapid lowering of the high core temperature seems to be the most important therapeutic measure. Besides methods of physical cooling, Dantrolene should also be used in this hyperthermic state. By consequent lowering of the body temperature it will be possible to stabilise circulation and minimise disease-related injuries of different organs.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Therapy for ocular bacterial infection.

This paper presents in large part the author's views on the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections of the eye. Emphasis is placed on the management of bacterial corneal ulcers and endophthalmitis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗