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Biomedical subjects

J Baum

Publications and source records attributed to J Baum.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of subconjunctival liposome-encapsulated gentamicin in normal rabbit eyes.

Subconjunctival injections of antibiotics produce very high corneal levels of drug that fall rapidly as the drug is dissipated. The authors studied the effects of liposome-encapsulation as a means of slowing release from the subconjunctival depot. Liposomes (0.1-1.0 micron) were made of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and alpha-tocopherol. The final suspension contained gentamicin 10 mg/ml with 60-70% encapsulated. Rabbits were given a single subconjunctival injection of liposome-encapsulated gentamicin, gentamicin with "empty" liposomes, or gentamicin alone. In each instance the dose of antibiotic was 5 mg. Gentamicin levels in the sclera and cornea, measured 3,9, and 24 hr after injection, were generally markedly higher with the liposome-encapsulated drug than with the other two preparations. The differences were 5- to 20-fold in the cornea at 24 hr and were statistically significant for temporal cornea. Liposome-encapsulation may be a useful means of extending the effects of a subconjunctival injection of antibiotic.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Aspirin in the treatment of juvenile arthritis.

Aspirin can be more closely controlled than other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs because serum salicylate levels can be measured. Dosages of 80 to 100 mg/kg per day usually lead to the desired serum salicylate levels of 20 to 25 mg/dl. Gastric irritation, the most frequent cause for cessation of aspirin therapy, is significantly reduced by the use of enteric-coated aspirin. At the onset of aspirin therapy in children, there is frequently moderate elevation of SGOT and SGPT liver enzyme levels. With continued treatment these levels usually fall into the range of mild elevations. Although these children with arthritis often take high doses of aspirin for years, Reye's syndrome is virtually never seen.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed1983

Corneal dystrophy.

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Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary↗
PubMed1983

The prevalence of juvenile arthritis.

A secondary analysis of two new large practitioner surveys, one national and one local, showed the prevalence of juvenile arthritis to be between 0.16 and 0.43 cases per 1,000 children. These rates compare quite closely with the majority of reports both in the United States and the world. We believe the prevalence of juvenile arthritis is between 0.2 and 1 case per 1,000 children (13,000--63,000 children), with the best estimate being about 0.5 cases per 1,000 children. Based on the 1980 census data, this latter estimate means there are approximately 32,00 children with juvenile arthritis in the United States.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ocular infections.

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Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1983

Topical vs subconjunctival treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers.

The efficacy of eye drops and subconjunctival injections in the treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers for each of the following combinations were compared: cefazolin for staphylococcal ulcers, gentamicin for staphylococcal ulcers, and gentamicin for pseudomonal ulcers. Topical and subconjunctival therapy were equally effective in reducing the numbers of viable bacteria in experimental corneal ulcers. Subconjunctival injections produced high but transient peaks followed by persistent low troughs. In contrast, eye drops produced moderate but sustained concentrations throughout the treatment period. Under the conditions of this study, it appears that transient high peaks are not needed to eliminate bacteria effectively from a corneal ulcer. Since eye drops and subconjunctival injections are equally effective, other factors should determine the preferred route or routes of therapy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of juvenile arthritis.

Arthritis in children takes a number of different forms, each with a different prognosis and different treatment regimen. They fall into three major categories: pauciarticular disease, polyarticular disease, and systemic-onset disease. Presentation and management of these and several other subtypes are discussed in the context of a multidisciplinary team approach that must involve the family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Self-poisoning with enteric-coated aspirin.

A case of self-poisoning by enteric-coated aspirin tablets is described. Absorption of salicylate was delayed, resulting in serum kinetics different from that obtained with regular aspirin. When the ingested aspirin is enteric coated, the use of Done's nomogram may be inappropriate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the effects of continuous and intermittent systemic administration on the penetration of gentamicin into infected rabbit eyes.

The effect of the mode of administration on the intraocular penetration of gentamicin in rabbits with bacterial endophthalmitis was examined. Animals were treated over a period of 12 hr either by intramuscular injection every 3 hr or by continuous intravenous infusion; both groups received the same total dose of drug. The mean peak and trough levels in serum with intramuscular injection were 11.4 and 1.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. Mean serum levels during continuous infusion were approximately 7 micrograms/ml. The area under the time-concentration curve for serum was approximately the same in both groups. Mean vitreous humor levels at the end of therapy were 2.8 micrograms/ml in the animals treated by repeated intramuscular injection and 2.6 micrograms/ml in those treated by continuous infusion (P greater than 0.2). In this model, the intraocular penetration of gentamicin was not influenced by the mode of systemic administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The hypermobility syndrome.

The hypermobility syndrome has been recognized as a definitive diagnostic entity among children referred to a Pediatric Arthritis Clinic with musculoskeletal complaints. The diagnosis of hypermobility was made by the ability of the patients to perform at least three of the following maneuvers: (1) extension of the wrists and metacarpal phalanges so that the fingers are parallel to the dorsum of the forearm; (2) passive apposition of thumbs to the flexor aspect of the forearm; (3) hyperextension of elbows (greater than or equal to 10 degrees); (4) hyperextension of knees (greater than or equal to 10 degrees); (5) flexion of trunk with knees extended so palms rest on the floor. Of 262 patients, 15 (5.7%) referred to an arthritis clinic between January 1979 and July 1981 were subsequently determined to have hypermobility as the basis for their rheumatic complaints. Three of these 15 had concomitant juvenile arthritis. The presenting complaint of pain was most often localized to the knees, hands, and fingers. Arthritis and elevated ESRs were not seen except in the three patients who had concomitant juvenile arthritis. All patients responded to physical therapy and nonsteroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs. This is an entity not sufficiently well recognized as a source of musculoskeletal complaints in the United States. It will usually respond well to reassurance and symptomatic therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal carbenicillin, cefazolin, and gentamicin in rhesus monkeys.

Although intravitreal injection of antibiotics is being used more widely in treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis, the pharmacokinetic principles that underlie such therapy have been derived exclusively from experiments in the rabbit. Therefore, we studied several representative antibiotics in normal eyes of rhesus monkeys. Carbenicillin (1,000 micrograms), cefazolin (1,000 micrograms), or gentamicin (100 micrograms) was injected intravitreally. Vitreous and aqueous humors were aspirated at intervals up to 96 hours after injection. The half-life values in the vitreous humor were: carbenicillin 10 hours, cefazolin 7 hours, and gentamicin 33 hours. Concomitant intraperitoneal administration of probenecid prolonged the vitreal half-life of carbenicillin to 20 hours and of cefazolin to 30 hours. The estimated vitreous volumes in these monkeys were approximately 3.0-4.0 ml. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in primates as in rabbits, beta-lactam antibiotics are eliminated via the retinal route and the aminoglycoside via the anterior route. This supports the applicability of the rabbit model to the treatment of endophthalmitis in humans.

Animals↗