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Biomedical subjects

J Baum

Publications and source records attributed to J Baum.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Treatment of juvenile arthritis.

Aspirin remains the cornerstone of treatment for juvenile arthritis, although tolmetin may be more effective in controlling the fever of systemic-onset disease. Tolmetin and naproxen appear to be more effective in HLA-B27 positive males with pauciarticular disease. When the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs fail, gold, penicillamine and, occasionally, immunosuppressive agents may be used in the polyarticular forms. Prosthetic joint replacement may be beneficial for patients with extensive disease. The emotional and sexual problems of children with chronic disease require recognition and help.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The effect of a novel C5 inhibitor (K-76 COONa) on tumor cell chemotaxis.

Walker carcinosarcoma cells were cultured as an ascitic tumor in the rat. These cells were studied for their response to human chemotactic factors derived from complement. Complement activation for tumor chemotaxis was performed by reaction of serum with a tumor extract. An anticomplementary agent, K-76 sodium monocarboxylic acid (K-76 COONa), was tested in these systems. It was found to be effective in blocking the formation of a chemotactic factor for tumor cells from human complement at a concentration of 300 micrograms/ml. Addition of K-76 COONa after complement activation had no effect. No effect on random migration of tumor cells was found at concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml. No effect on tumor cell viability was found up to 500 micrograms/ml. At 1000 micrograms/ml there was a 15% decrease in viability (p less than 0.05). Since chemotactic mechanisms (probably from activated complement) may play a role in the movement of tumor cells, this apparently low toxic anticomplementary agent (K-76 COONa) may be of value in the prevention of tumor metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Iridocyclitis in two patients with hypocomplementemic cutaneous vasculitis.

Two patients, a 48-year-old woman and a 56-year-old man, had hypocomplementemic cutaneous vasculitis syndrome. The patients had ocular pain and photophobia and were found to have bilateral recurrent iridocyclitis. We treated the iridocyclitis with cycloplegia and topical corticosteroids, which relieved their symptoms and diminished the clinical signs. The bilateral iridocyclitis found in both patients may have been secondary to immune complex deposition in the eye.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1982

Ocular penetration of subconjunctival oxacillin, methicillin, and cefazolin in rabbits with staphylococcal endophthalmitis.

The concentrations of oxacillin, methicillin, and cefazolin were examined in the infected eyes of pigmented rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis after a subconjunctival dose of 100 mg. The three drugs had fairly similar ocular pharmacokinetics. The tissue concentration usually peaked within 30 min. Levels in the aqueous humor rose more slowly; the respective maximal concentrations of methicillin, oxacillin, and cefazolin were 72, 1,180, and 111 micrograms/ml. Oxacillin also produced the highest levels in the cornea. Penetration of the vitreous humor was poor with all three drugs, apparently owing to a diffusional barrier in the choroid-retina tissue complex. The respective median vitreous levels of methicillin, oxacillin, and cefazolin were 0.7, 0.6, and less than 0.8 micrograms/ml. These values are close to the concentrations usually required to inhibit S. aureus in vitro. Our results suggest that subconjunctival oxacillin achieves higher concentrations in anterior ocular tissues than do the other two drugs, but more aggressive approaches are necessary in treating endophthalmitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of bacterial ulcers of the cornea in the rabbit: a comparison of administration by eye drops and subconjunctival injections.

The various routes of antibiotic administration available to treat a bacterial corneal ulcer were reviewed and compared, and the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of each route analyzed in the rabbit. I then evaluated the efficacy of eye drops and subconjunctival injections in the treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers for each of the following drug-organism combinations: staphylococcal ulcers/cefazolin, staphylococcal ulcers/gentamicin and Pseudomonas ulcers/gentamicin. Both topical and subconjunctival administration of each drug effectively reduced or eliminated the bacteria from infected corneal tissue. For both cefazolin and gentamicin, the subconjunctival and the topical route were of similar efficacy in the treatment of Staphylococcal and Pseudomonal ulcers. Subconjunctival injections produced high but transient peaks followed by persistent low troughs for both drugs. In contrast, eye drops produced moderate but sustained concentrations throughout the treatment period. Under the circumstances studied, it appears that transient high peaks are not needed to eliminate bacteria effectively from a bacterial corneal ulcer. Since both routes are equally effective, other factors should determine the preferred route.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The study of a lymphokine, polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic factor from lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.

The production of a lymphokine, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotactic factor (CF) was studied in lymphocytes obtained from patients with rheumatoid-factor positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Control lymphocytes and PMN were obtained from normal individuals. The stimulation of the lymphocytes was by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and by mixed leukocyte culture. CF was produced to the same degree by the cells from normals and from patients with RA by either type of stimulation. There is significantly less 3H-Thymidine uptake in cells from RA patients as measured by counts per minute although the stimulation index was the same. This can be accounted for by decreased proliferation of RA cells.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

The effects of infection and probenecid on the transport of carbenicillin from the rabbit vitreous humor.

We examined the effects of inflammation (S. aureus endophthalmitis) and of probenecid on the kinetics of intravitreally injected carbenicillin in rabbits. The half-life of antibiotic in the vitreous of animals with normal eyes was only 5 hr and levels in anterior ocular sites (cornea, aqueous, iris) were low. There findings are consistent with an active retinal transport pump for organic anions. Concomitant intraperitoneal administration of probenecid caused a marked prolongation of the ocular half-life of carbenicillin to 13 hr and augmentation of the levels in anterior sites, as might be anticipated from inhibition of the retinal transport pump. Inflammation produced an intermediate effect that is most readily explained by postulating two opposing consequences: partial inhibition of the transport pump and simultaneous "leakiness" of the normal retinal barrier. There findings suggest that the intraocular kinetics of antibiotics in inflamed eyes are markedly different from those in normal ones and that systemic probenecid significantly augments the intraocular levels of carbenicillin.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A corneal pigmented line associated with Salzmann's nodular degeneration.

A 62-year-old woman with Salzmann's nodular degeneration had a pigmented line at the base of the corneal nodules in each eye. The lines ran horizontally along the superior one third of the cornea and faded at the corneoscleral limbus on both sides. The lines curved around the bases of the raised corneal lesions.

Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary↗