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Biomedical subjects

J B Murray

Publications and source records attributed to J B Murray.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Psychologists and alcoholic women.

Alcoholism among women often has been treated using a model based on research with alcoholic men. Women react differently to alcohol than men both physiologically and psychologically and their drinking patterns are different from men's. Treatment facilities for alcoholism have not been as available for women as for men and treatment must be individualized for the differences between men and women problem drinkers and for the differences among alcoholic women.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

Geophysical variables and behavior: LVII. Seasonal affective disorder and phototherapy.

Seasonal affective disorder, depressive symptoms that recur in fall and winter and abate in spring-summer, for many patients in the United States and Europe, have been alleviated by exposure to bright, full spectrum light for several hours daily (phototherapy). The characteristics of these patients, the procedures used, the theoretical explanations of the mechanisms, and the potential of phototherapy are reviewed.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1989

Psychologists and children of alcoholic parents.

Clinical evidence has pictured children of alcoholic parents as vulnerable physically, emotionally, socially, academically, and at risk for alcoholism. Review of research indicated that some of these clinical insights have been validated, but much more is needed to fill out an accurate picture for psychologists who will be asked to work with them.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Alcoholism: etiologies proposed and therapeutic approaches tried.

Alcohol, probably the most popular mood-altering drug, has frightening consequences when abused. Genetic factors and sociocultural influences contribute to alcoholic behavior. Study of endocrines, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides may reveal biological markers to help identify those at risk for alcoholism. Drinking patterns are often based on the expectation of alcohol's mood-altering quality. The focus of treatment has expanded to include not only drinking behavior but also emotional, social, and vocational adjustment. Controlled drinking has proved effective for some, so that complete abstinence is no longer the sole goal of therapy. Behavioral, martial, group and individual, outpatient and inpatient therapy, and drugs as adjuncts, all help some alcoholics, but none is a cure for all. Answers still lag behind questions but researchers have registered some advances that challenge therapists to enlarge therapeutic approaches to fit the multifaceted picture of alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography of uterine perforation following suction curettage.

Uterine perforation is a rare complication of suction curettage. We report the sonographic findings of uterine perforation with extrusion of fetal parts through a previous cesarean section scar in a patient who underwent a first trimester therapeutic abortion. No previous examples of the sonographic diagnosis of scar rupture during curettage or of the transvaginal ultrasonographic findings in uterine perforation have been reported.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1988

Auricular microelectrostimulation: naloxone-reversible attenuation of opiate abstinence syndrome.

This study evaluated the effects in rats of very low amplitude (10 mu amp) charge-balanced 10-Hz stimulation delivered bilaterally to low impedance points on the outer ear. This microelectrostimulation markedly and significantly reduced the number of opiate abstinence signs observed following a week of continuous morphine infusion. This effect was prevented by subcutaneous injection of 3 mg/kg naloxone, suggesting that stimulation of endogenous opioid activity plays a major role in the actions of auricular microelectrostimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Psychopharmacological therapy of deviant sexual behavior.

Psychopharmacological approaches to controlling male deviant sexual behavior, especially sexual recidivism and sexual deviants on probation, have been reported in psychiatric literature. In Europe, the drug cyproterone acetate, and in the United States, medroxyprogesterone acetate, Provera, and in the long-acting form, Depo-Provera, have all benefitted exhibitionists and pedophiliacs, and reduced sex drive in sexual deviants. The combination of pharmacotherapy and either psychotherapy or behavioral therapy has been the most effective approach to reducing the sex drive of sexual deviants.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is a disabling reaction to neuroleptic drugs recently discussed in psychiatric literature in Europe, Japan, and the United States. It is rare but potentially fatal and is more likely to occur in men, especially young men, than in women. The cause is unknown, but dopamine depletion in the brain is suspected. Treatment usually begins by withdrawing the neuroleptics and then providing supportive therapy for the usual symptoms of high fever, muscular rigidity, labile blood pressure, and tachycardia. The Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome usually lasts two to three weeks.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Postpartum depression.

Though postpartum depression has been observed for years, research into it has increased recently, especially in England. Distinguishing the rarer, severe puerperal psychosis from milder, more frequent "maternity blues" has provided a clearer framework for new research. Hormonal changes, biogenic amines, stress, and lack of social support have been proposed as explanations for postpartum depression, but the etiology is still not clear. Hormones, tranquilizers, and antidepressants are some modern therapeutic measures employed, whereas electroconvulsive shock therapy was once the most frequent therapy. Fortunately, the mortality rate for childbirth-related psychiatric illness is low.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1987

Psychopharmacological investigation of panic disorder by means of lactate infusion.

The contribution of research with lactate infusion to an understanding of agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder (PD) was reviewed. Lactate-induced panic seems to differentiate panic disorder from generalized anxiety disorder. Panic disorder seems to have important links to depression; both respond to tricyclic antidepressant drugs and neither responds well to the benzodiazepine antianxiety drugs. Response to pharmacotherapy, epidemiological surveys, and familial studies support the distinction between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder and the overlap between major depression and panic disorder. Understanding the mechanism of lactate-induced attacks may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of naturally occurring panic.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Purification and partial amino acid sequence of a bovine cartilage-derived collagenase inhibitor.

An inhibitor of mammalian collagenase from bovine scapular cartilage has been purified to homogeneity. The inhibitor, extracted from cartilage using 2 M NaCl, was applied to an A-1.5m gel filtration column. Inhibitor eluted at an apparent Mr of 28,000. Further purification was achieved by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. A purification of greater than 1,000-fold was achieved. The inhibitor was judged homogeneous by the appearance of a single band on a silver-stained 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. Reduced inhibitor had an Mr of 27,400, unreduced inhibitor had an Mr of 23,900. NH2-terminal sequence data were obtained for the first 45 residues. The bovine cartilage-derived inhibitor exhibits greater than 65% homology over the first 23 residues with a collagenase inhibitor purified from human skin fibroblasts maintained in cell culture. This is the first demonstration that collagenase inhibitors extracted directly from tissue may be similar to those obtained from culture medium.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Marijuana's effects on human cognitive functions, psychomotor functions, and personality.

Marijuana is complex chemically and not yet fully understood, but it is not a narcotic. Like alcohol, marijuana acts as both stimulant and depressant, but it lingers in body organs longer than alcohol. Smoking marijuana can injure mucosal tissue and may have more carcinogenic potential than tobacco. Research has indicated that marijuana intoxication definitely hinders attention, long-term memory storage, and psychomotor skills involved in driving a car or flying a plane. Expectations and past experience with marijuana have often influenced results more than pharmacological aspects have. Marijuana has triggered psychotic episodes in those more vulnerable. Psychological and some instances of physiological dependence on marijuana have been demonstrated. As a psychoactive drug, marijuana surely alters mental functioning. Although it is possible that chronic use of marijuana produces irreversible damage to mind or brain areas, this has not been determined by research.

Attention↗