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Biomedical subjects

J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to J Anderson.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Intensive attention improves glycaemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes without further advantage from home blood glucose monitoring: results of a controlled trial.

Forty-six diabetics treated with twice-daily insulin were seen every two weeks for six months in an intensive education programme aided by regular home urine glucose testing. Control was improved with a decrease in 24-hour urinary glucose excretion (median 138 mmol/24 h (24.8 g/24 h) falling to 70 mmol/24 h (12.6 g/24 h); p less than 0.002), glycosylated haemoglobin concentration (mean 11.4 +/- SD 2.3% falling to 10.4 +/- 1.5%; p less than 0.001), and Diastix score (median 3.0 falling to 1.3; p less than 0.001). There was no reported increase in hypoglycaemia. Thirty-eight of the diabetics proceeded to a nine-month randomised cross-over study of the effect on blood glucose control of monitoring urinary glucose or blood glucose measured visually or by a reflectance meter using appropriate reagent strips. No further improvement in control was observed after home blood glucose monitoring. Nevertheless, 29 out of 37 patients preferred blood to urine glucose monitoring. During both the education and cross-over studies there was evidence of an initial improvement in control followed by deterioration. This was independent of the monitoring method used in the cross-over period and may have been due to waning enthusiasm. Despite patient enthusiasm and other reports to the contrary, home blood glucose monitoring offered no improvement in control over intensive attention and conventional urine glucose monitoring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The use of an enzyme-labelled assay as an aid to reading micro virus-neutralisation tests.

An indirect immunoperoxidase technique has been developed for the detection of virus-infected cells after completion of a micro virus-neutralisation test. This allows visual rather than microscopic reading of the plates, which is less time-consuming and does not require a technician skilled in distinguishing between specific viral cytopathic effect and non-specific cytotoxicity. The technique proved to be more sensitive than microscopic reading for the detection of low levels of antibody and could be of great use for other viruses which do not produce a marked cytopathic effect on cells or have a slow growth rate, making development of a standard virus-neutralisation test very difficult.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Diacetyl derivative of nadolol. I. Ocular pharmacology and short-term ocular hypotensive effect in glaucomatous eyes.

On topical application to rabbit eyes, the diacetate ester of nadolol was more easily absorbed into ocular tissue than nadolol and was enzymatically hydrolyzed to nadolol within the eye. In a 24-hour clinical study, the ocular hypotensive activities of 0.5% diacetyl nadolol, 2% diacetyl nadolol, 2% nadolol, and 0.5% timolol maleate in subjects with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were compared. Both concentrations of diacetyl nadolol significantly reduced intraocular pressure during the first six hours. Two percent diacetyl nadolol was as effective as 0.5% timolol maleate during the first eight hours. During the remainder of the testing period, timolol showed greater IOP control. Two percent diacetyl nadolol and 2% nadolol showed similar ocular hypotensive effects both in magnitude and duration in this short-term study.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Blood lipids in young men followed 32 years.

The relationship of baseline characteristics to serum cholesterol at baseline (CHL47) when aged 16-25 (mean 20.5) yr and at 32-yr follow-up (CHL79) was assessed in 162 men. Mean CHL rose over the follow-up period. CHL47 predicted CHL79 (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001) but not CHL79-CHL47. The mean (+/- SD) weight change (DW) was 12.0 kg (+/- 26.0 kg). DW was not significantly related to CHL47, but was independently related to CHL79-CHL47 (4 = 0.30, p less than 0.001). Age, height, DW, any of 7 measures of baseline obesity and CHL47 predicted CHL79 with R2 of 0.40 and CHL79-CHL47 with R2 of 0.37. Thus, weight change but not baseline relative weight was a determinant of serum cholesterol change from youth to middle age. There was strong tracking of serum cholesterol over this period.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Fetal surgery in the primate I. Anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic management to maximize fetal-neonatal survival.

There are compelling physiologic arguments for correcting certain malformations before birth. Although fetal surgery has been successful in sheep and lower animals, it has proven difficult in primates because the gravid uterus is exquisitely sensitive to induction of preterm labor and abortion. Because the feasibility of fetal intervention can be determined only in a primate model, we have investigated the variables affecting fetal-neonatal survival after fetal surgery in 25 monkeys. As we improved our anesthetic and surgical techniques and refined our tocolytic therapy, mortality fell from 73.3% (11/15) to 20% (2/10). Since spontaneous perinatal loss in 56 controls was 21.4% we can now operate on the late second and early third trimester fetal monkey without increasing maternal or fetal-neonatal mortality. Success in this rigorous model is a requisite for attempted correction of human malformations in utero.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1982

Roles and functions of the occupational therapist in the treatment of sensory integrative dysfunction. Official position paper.

Occupational therapy is based on the belief that purposeful activity may be used to prevent and remedy dysfunction, and elicit maximum adaptation toward achieving optimum functioning. Fundamental to a person's ability to interact with the environment is the ability to process sensory information. The theories and research related to sensory integration have provided te basis for the development of a therapeutic model used by occupational therapists in their efforts to help individuals reach their potential for productive, purposeful lives.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Clinicopathological studies of gastrointestinal disease in macaques.

Evaluation of mortality during a two-year period at a primate colony indicated that 34% of nonexperimental deaths in macaques one year of age and older were due to gastrointestinal disease. Of deaths related to gastrointestinal disease, 12% had acute gastric dilatation, 18% had shigellosis, 12% had nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, and 58% were of undetermined cause. Histologic evaluation of the alimentary tract indicated that the large intestine was the most common site of anatomical change in monkeys that had diarrhea at the time of death. Monkeys that had a single terminal episode of diarrhea had less gastric inflammatory lesions than those that had multiple episodes of diarrhea in the last year of life.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparative trial of two teniposide-based combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of advanced malignant lymphomas.

One hundred and twenty-three patients with advanced measureable malignant lymphomas resistant to conventional chemotherapy were entered in a prospectively randomized trial of two teniposide (VM-26)-based combination chemotherapy regimens: V-PLAT (VM-26, cisplatin, and prednisone) and V-HEX (VM-26, hexamethylmelamine, and prednisone). Ninety-seven eligible and evaluable patients received protocol therapy. Sixteen percent of the patients had Hodgkin's disease, and 84% had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All patients were ambulatory (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status 0, 1, or 2), 70% had stage IV disease, 59% had "B" symptoms, and all had failed either two or three previous chemotherapy regimens. Toxicity was mainly hematologic and significantly greater with V-PLAT. Objective tumor responses were seen in nine of 45 patients (20%) treated with V-PLAT (duration, 4-35 + weeks) and in four of 51 patients (8%) treated with V-HEX (duration, 10-65 + weeks). Among the 12 patients with histologically confirmed histiocytic lymphoma treated with V-PLAT, five (42%) experienced objective tumor responses, including two complete responses. Overall median survival was approximately 6 months, with no difference between treatment regimens. Limited antitumor activity of these combination regimens in patients with advanced malignant lymphomas has been demonstrated. However, the objective response rates were not higher than we have previously seen with either VM-26 (22%) or hexamethylmelamine (27%) given in maximum tolerable doses as single agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clinicopathological studies of gastrointestinal disease in macaques.

Evaluation of mortality during a two-year period at a primate colony indicated that 34% of nonexperimental deaths in macaques one year of age and older were due to gastrointestinal disease. Of deaths related to gastrointestinal disease, 12% had acute gastric dilatation, 18% had shigellosis, 12% had nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, and 58% were of undetermined cause. Histologic evaluation of the alimentary tract indicated that the large intestine was the most common site of anatomical change in monkeys that had diarrhea at the time of death. Monkeys that had a single terminal episode of diarrhea had less gastric inflammatory lesions than those that had multiple episodes of diarrhea in the last year of life.

Animals↗