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Biomedical subjects

J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to J Anderson.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Human C4 haplotypes with duplicated C4A or C4B.

In the course of study of families for the sixth chromosome markers HLA-A, C, B, D/DR, BF, and C2, the two loci for C4, C4A, and C4B, and glyoxalase I, we encountered five examples of probable duplication of one or the other of the two loci for C4. In one of these, both parents and one sib expressed two different structural genes for C4B, one sib expressed one, and one sib expressed none, suggesting that two C4B alleles were carried on a single haplotype: HLA-A2, B7, DR3, BFS1, C2C, C4A2, C4B1, C4B2, GLO1. In a second case, two siblings inherited C4B*1 and C4B*2 from one parent and C4B*Q0 from the other. This duplication appeared on the chromosome as HLA-AW33, B14, DR1, BFS, C2C, C4A2, C4B1, C4B2, GLO2. In a third, very large family with 3 generations, a duplication of the C4B locus occurred which was followed in 2 generations. In one individual, there were three C4B alleles and two C4A alleles. One of the C4B alleles had a hemolytically active product with electrophoretic mobility near C4B2 and was designated C4B*22. It segregated with C4B1 in the family studied. The complete haplotype was HLA-A11, CW1, BW56, DR5, BFS, C2C, C4A3, C4B22, C4B1, GLO2. In another family with 12 siblings, one parent and eight children expressed two C4A alleles on the haplotype HLA-AW30, BW38, DR1, BFF, C2C, C4A3, C4A2, C4BQ0, GLO1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1984

Dosing regimen of budesonide and occurrence of oropharyngeal complications.

The influence of the dosing regimen on the occurrence of oropharyngeal complications during a trial of the anti-asthmatic aerosol steroid budesonide was assessed by systematically varying the daily dose (400, 800, 1,600 micrograms), dose frequency (b.i.d. vs. q.i.d.), and dosing schedule (AM vs. AM/PM). Dysphonia was infrequent and was not affected by any features of the treatment regimen. ;Its incidence was unrelated to that of candidiasis. The amount of oropharyngeal candidiasis on the other hand correlated strongly with the daily dose of budesonide and dosing frequency. B.i.d. treatment abolished the effect of increasing budesonide dose on candidiasis, and virtually eliminated any need for nystatin. A 24 h interval between doses (using an AM schedule), or two intervals of about 12 h were both effective in conserving antifungal host defences in the oropharynx. Temporary conversion to b.i.d. dosing can facilitate the control or prevention of thrush, especially when the risk is increased by concomitant antibiotic therapy, as was shown to be the case in these patients. A small, but statistically significant, deterioration in peak expiratory flow occurred during b.i.d. dosing. Thus, despite its ability to virtually eliminate the problem of recurring thrush, b.i.d. dosing should not be continued indefinitely. These considerations probably apply to other topically active steroids currently used to treat asthma.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1983

Enzymes involved in oxygen detoxification during development of Drosophila melanogaster.

Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidases (PER) were examined at 24-h intervals during Drosophila development. SOD activities show a U-shaped curve from egg to adult stages whereas CAT and PER are consistently low in egg through larval stages. Male and female larvae have similar activities of SOD, CAT, and PER whereas male adults have elevated activities of these enzymes. Larvae are more sensitive to H2O2 and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (an inhibitor of CAT) than adults.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Immunoreactive thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)(: association with synaptosomally-rich fractions in the rat hypothalamus.

The subcellular compartmentalization of brain thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the hypothalamus of the rat was investigated using differential and discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. When the mitochondrial fraction (P2) was layered on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient (0.32-1.4 M) and centrifuged for 60 min at 72,000 g, TSH recovered from the gradient was found, by double antibody radioimmunoassay, to be associated preferentially with the synaptosomally-rich layers. The separation was monitored by electron microscopic examination of all fractions obtained throughout the procedure. The addition of a large excess of either [125I]-labeled or unlabeled pituitary TSH at the time of homogenization did not influence the amount of immunoreactive TSH associated with the synaptosome-rich fractions, and both the unlabeled and labeled hormone were recoverable in the final supernatant indicating that the simple addition of peptide to hypothalamic homogenates did not result in any preferential association to any particular subcellular fraction. The apparent association of this brain-based pituitary peptide was not, therefore, an artifact of the homogenization process. It is concluded that an association exists between immunoassayable TSH and brain-based synaptosomes in homogenates of the rodent hypothalamus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Topically applied oxymetazoline. Ocular vasoconstrictive activity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism.

Two double-blind, random-assignment clinical trials demonstrated the effectiveness of topical oxymetazoline hydrochloride in reducing histamine-induced hyperemia. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride at an optimum strength of 0.025% produced a marked and prolonged reduction of hyperemia, with the onset of effect occurring within one to five minutes of instillation. Safety indicators, including BP, heart rate, intraocular pressure, pupil size, and visual acuity, did not change significantly from baseline values. Oxymetazoline was absorbed slowly into the eye: only 0.006% of the original drug concentration was found in the aqueous humors of rabbits 30 minutes after instillation; the balance remained primarily in external ocular tissues. Metabolic studies in rabbits indicated that excreted amounts of unmetabolized radioactive oxymetazoline in urine following drug administration were similar (23%) for the ocular and nasal routes of application. The proportions of oxymetazoline metabolite to unchanged oxymetazoline were constant for all administration routes tested.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Fragile (X) X-linked mental retardation I: relationship between age and intelligence and the frequency of expression of fragil (X)(q28).

Members of eight Saskatchewan families with fragile (X) X-linked mental retardation were studied in an attempt to relate frequency to age and intelligence. The mean IQ of 37 affected men was 35 (range 10-66). The mean IQ of 32 carriers was 88 (range 57-119), and the mean IQ of 13 females who remain at risk for being carriers, have no affected sons, and who failed to demonstrate the fra(X) was 100 (range 78-126). We demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between age and frequency of the fra(X) in carriers and in affected males. However, we demonstrated a more highly significant inverse relationship between frequency of the fra(X) and IQ in carriers but to a lesser extent in affected males. Of 32 carriers, only 3 (9.4%) did not demonstrate the fra(X) after addition of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR) to the folic acid and thymidine-reduced culture medium. From these data we would recommend that chromosome studies in individuals at risk for fra(X) X-linked mental retardation be carried out at the youngest age and that the addition of FUdR to culture medium is useful in carrier identification. It is clear that, in at least the carriers, a lower expression of the fra(X) is highly significantly correlated to higher intelligence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Glycosylated haemoglobin in cord blood following normal and diabetic pregnancies.

Cord and maternal blood samples were obtained at delivery in 25 normal and 14 diabetic pregnancies (13 insulin-dependent, one gestational). Total glycosylated haemoglobin, measured by the colorimetric thiobarbiturate method (mmol hydroxymethylfurfural/mol haemoglobin), was lower in cord than maternal blood (mean 18.7 +/- 1.7 versus 26.5 +/- 2.1, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001). Glycosylated haemoglobin was higher following diabetic pregnancies, both in cord (diabetic 19.9 +/- 1.6 versus normal 17.9 +/- 1.4, p less than 0.001) and maternal samples (diabetic 27.7 +/- 1.5 versus normal 25.6 +/- 2.1, p less than 0.005). Cord and maternal glycosylated haemoglobin correlated in the normal (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01) but not in the diabetic group (r = 0.02, NS). Birth weight ratio was higher in infants of diabetic than of normal mothers (1.10 +/- 0.16 versus 0.99 +/- 0.13, p less than 0.05) but failed to correlate with cord or maternal glycosylated haemoglobin or, in the diabetic group, with mean blood glucose.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

The development of monitoring techniques in mobile coronary care.

Mobile coronary care was first introduced by Pantridge and Geddes at the Royal Victoria Hospital in 1966. Traditional emergency equipment i.e. defibrillation and monitors were unsuitable for application in this environment. In the succeeding years the defibrillator was made highly portable, and significantly reduced in size. Specialized monitoring apparatus was also developed to provide display and recording facilities to meet the special needs of the mobile coronary care unit. However, current display systems utilize the cathode ray oscilloscope, which does not lend itself to miniaturization, is fragile, and cannot be placed at close proximity to the patient. A flat screen electroluminescent matrix of 256 X 128 dots has been developed as a physiological data display. The panel achieves a line density of approximately 83 per inch and with a time compressed memory and interpolated drive technique provides an acceptable display.

Ambulances↗
PubMed1983

Papilloedema in chronic granulocytic leukaemia.

Five of 75 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia seen over a 25 year period had papilloedema at presentation. These patients had unusually high leucocyte counts and the papilloedema may be a manifestation of leucostasis. The fundal abnormalities resolved in all five patients--in four after conventional treatment with busulphan only.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hand-scoring of multiple choice questions.

Although computer marking of MCQ papers is common practice and is popular because of its accuracy, speed and the fact that detailed statistical analysis can be carried out painlessly, there is still a major role for hand-scoring. A computer and computer time are not always immediately available and some form of data capture (optical mark reading or transfer of responses to punched cards) is a necessary preliminary. The use of a computer is an unnecessary extravagance when: (a) the test is a non-critical class or small-group exam (b) the papers are short (thirty questions or less) or (c) the number of candidates is small (ten or less) (d) detailed statistical analysis is unnecessary. One-from-five MCQs can be marked by hand easily and rapidly. Multiple true/false questions are most easily hand-scored using grid response sheets and some form of stencil overlays prepared from the answer key. For multiple true/false questions the +1, -1, 0 marking system is strongly recommended. Candidates' total scores, the mean score and its standard deviation for the whole group, ranked order and histograms of scores can be obtained with little difficulty. Mean scores and standard deviations for questions take more time to calculate, but when these are available simple indices of discrimination and of internal reliability can be estimated with some extra time and trouble, although examiners may not wish to assess the discriminatory ability of every question. Hand-scoring is of greatest value in non-critical tests when candidate scores are needed rapidly and is particularly useful when combined with full feedback discussion of the MCQ paper.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1983

Extrahypothalamic brain luteinizing hormone: characterization by radioimmunoassay, chromatography, radioligand assay and bioassay.

We have recently reported that luteinizing hormone (LH) is present in the hypothalamus of rats. It has chromatographic and biologic characteristics similar to pituitary LH. In this report we focus on extrahypothalamic LH that is widely distributed in the rodent central nervous system. This material has a chromatographic profile similar to that of pituitary LH. Serial dilution of this material is parallel with dilutions of rat pituitary LH in the immunoassay. Brain extracts are active in the testis LH radioligand receptor assay and in the rat interstitial cell testosterone secretion bioassay. Prior incubation of extract with LH antibody significantly attenuated both of these activities. Thus, extrahypothalamic LH has immunologic, chromatographic, and biologic characteristics similar to hypothalamic and pituitary LH.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) as an adjunct in vascular trauma: case report.

An iliac stenosis causing a pressure gradient of 70 mm Hg proximal to repair of a traumatically divided superficial femoral artery was relieved by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). Though the magnitude of the accompanying crush injury led to massive muscle necrosis and ultimately necessitated mid-thigh amputation, the arterial repair remained patent.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1983

Plasma paraoxonase polymorphism: a new enzyme assay, population, family, biochemical, and linkage studies.

Plasma paraoxonase hydrolyzes paraoxon, the principal metabolite of the insecticide parathione. A genetic polymorphism for enzyme activity has been previously demonstrated. We describe a new assay based on the differential inhibition by EDTA of plasma paraoxonase from persons with the high-activity allele (PX*H) that suggests a trimodality of activity levels in population studies. The gene frequency of the low activity allele (PX*L) in 531 Seattle blood donors of European origin was .7207. Family studies were consistent with codominant autosomal inheritance of two alleles, PX*L (low) and PX*H (high), coding for products with different activity levels. Biochemical measurements of sera from presumed homozygotes for the two different alleles revealed minor physicochemical differences suggestive of a structural difference between the allelic products. No evidence for linkage of the paraoxonase locus with any of 19 polymorphic markers would be detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of IgG antibodies to rinderpest virus in epidemiological surveys.

A comparison was made between an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the virus neutralisation test (VNT) for the detection of antibodies to rinderpest virus in field sera. The results did not agree for 6 per cent of the sera tested where 3 per cent of the samples gave ELISA positive/VNT negative and 3 per cent gave ELISA negative/VNT positive. The latter sera all had high levels of IgM antibody, which may indicate animals being at an early stage of infection or detection of a non-specific reaction. The ELISA results give a representative picture of the immune status for field surveys and a greater number of sera can be assayed with relative ease, compared to the traditional serum neutralisation test.

Animals↗