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Biomedical subjects

J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to J Anderson.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Iatrogenic illness on a general medical service at a university hospital.

We found that 36% of 815 consecutive patients on a general medical service of a university hospital had an iatrogenic illness. In 9% of all persons admitted, the incident was considered major in that it threatened life or produced considerable disability. In 2% of the 815 patients, the iatrogenic illness was believed to contribute to the death of the patient. Exposure to drugs was a particularly important factor in determining which patients had complications. Given the increasing number and complexity of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic agents, monitoring of untoward events is essential, and attention should be paid to educational efforts to reduce the risks of iatrogenic illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Streptokinase treatment of deep venous thrombosis and the postthrombotic syndrome. Follow-up evaluation of venous function.

The conditions of 35 patients with deep venous thrombosis treated with streptokinase were reevaluated after a mean of 29 months with clinical examination, venous plethysmography, foot volumetry, phlebography (28 patients) and femoral vein pressure measurement (24 patients). At follow-up, 25 patients (71%) had symptoms and 22 (63%) had signs of venous insufficiency. Plethysmography was abnormal in 29 patients (83%) and foot volumetry in 25 (72%). Only two (6%) of the patients had normal plethysmography and foot volumetry and were free from symptoms and signs. No leg ulcer or severe postthrombotic syndrome was found. Phlebography showed that no patient had a normal deep venous system. Six of earlier thrombotic iliac veins (38%) and femoral veins 14 (48%), respectively, remained occluded. Increased femoral venous pressure, more pronounced during and after exercise, was found when iliac vein was diseased. Our results emphasize the importance of functional evaluation of the patient with a postthrombotic leg.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Interface mechanics of porous titanium implants.

The interfacial shear properties of bone tissue growth into porous coated Ti-6-A1-4V femoral implants have been examined as a function of the pore size of the porous surface. Three particle size range powders (297 microns, 420-500 microns, 595-707 microns) were used to fabricate cylindrical implants which were inserted into the femoral medullary canal of dogs for 6 months. Push-out tests on the removed femurs are reported and reveal: (i) that those implants residing in cortical bone exhibited significantly higher shear properties than the equivalent implants in cancellous bone and (ii) that the interfacial shear strength and stiffness decreased with increasing pore diameter within the range 175-325 microns. The extent of bone ingrowth into the surface of the implants was measured using quantitative optical microscopic techniques. This indicated that the percentage of bone which had grown into the surface was inversely proportional to the square root of the pore size and that further the shear properties of the interface were proportional to the extent of bone ingrowth.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Physical function assessment in patients with advanced cancer.

Accepted physical therapy assessment techniques were compared with the Karnofsky Performance Status scores in a group of patients with advanced cancer. Assessment of patients' physical functioning by physical therapy evaluation techniques was highly correlated with the Karnofsky Performance Status score. The KPS has been demonstrated to be a reliable assessment tool and is a good indicator of those patients most likely to maintain independent physical function. Extensive physical therapy measures in this patient population appear to offer no advantage over the KPS as an evaluation tool for studies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1981

The bronchitic patient: a study of his employment problems.

Ninety-three male chronic bronchitics aged 40-64 years, 41 employed and 52 unemployed, were studied by structural interviews to evaluate factors leading to unemployment. Age was not important. Those employed were a little less disabled, and more were skilled, married, had working wives, had given up smoking, had tolerant employers and had suitable jobs, and fewer had travel problems. Of those unemployed most were not actively seeking work and, in half, income had not fallen with unemployment. Those interviewed felt that the Disablement Resettlement Officer, Industrial Rehabilitation Unit and their trade union did little to help with their problems. Ways to improve employment prospects for bronchitics are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

T cell-dependent activation of resting B cells: requirement for both nonspecific unrestricted and antigen-specific Ia-restricted soluble factors.

Cloned murine helper T cells, restricted to the Iab antigens of the major histocompatibility locus and specific for horse erythrocytes as a foreign antigen, produce, in cooperation with antigen and histocompatible adherent cells, soluble factors that replace the helper T cells in their action on B cells. Three types of factors can be distinguished on the basis of molecular weight: proteins having apparent Mr 30,000 (p30) that act antigen- and Ia-nonspecifically as replication- and maturation-inducing factors and proteins having apparent Mr 55,000 (p55) and 125,000 (p125) that act on resting B cells in an Ia-specific, restricted fashion. Neither horse erythrocytes (a T-cell specific antigen) nor p55 and p125, alone or together, stimulate resting B cells to proliferation and maturation. Double occupancy by antigen and p55 or p125, however, renders Ia-compatible, but not Ia-incompatible, resting B cells susceptible to stimulation. The subsequent addition of p30 to these "excited" B cells then results in the proliferation and maturation of clones of horse erythrocyte-specific resting B cells, which then replicate under the stimulatory action of p30. p30 do not bind antigen, nor do they bind anti-Ia or anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. p55 are bound by anti-heavy chain variable region antibodies. p55 are bound by anti-heavy chain variable region antibodies, but not by anti-heavy or anti-light chain constant region antibodies or anti-Ia antibodies. p125 molecules bind horse but not sheep erythrocytes and are bound by anti-heavy chain variable region, but not by anti-heavy or light chain constant region or anti-Ia antibodies. p55 and p125 are likely to be soluble analogues of the antigen-specific, Ia-restricted T-cell receptors of the cloned helper T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Initial roentgenographic manifestations of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M kansasii, and M intracellularis infections.

The initial radiographic features of 188 patients with pulmonary infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis were compared to 184 patients with M kansasii and 100 patients with M intracellularis infections. The patients were all from the University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, all had at least two positive sputum cultures and no other potential pathogen, and none had a past medical history of any type of tuberculosis. The comparison showed that all three organisms have a strong tendency to produce cavitary infiltrates in the posterior portions of the upper lobes. No distinctive or pathognomonic feature could be found. The atypical organisms were more likely to produce thin-walled cavities and far advanced unilateral disease, but both of these patterns also occurred with M tuberculosis. Endobronchial spread and volume loss were common in all three diseases. The only definite difference seems to be the absence of a primary or juvenile form of atypical tuberculosis and a much greater incidence of empyema and postprimary pleural effusions with M tuberculosis. In an individual case, the roentgenographic manifestations of the three diseases are indistinguishable.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Inaccuracy in automated measurement of hematocrit and corpuscular indices in the presence of severe hyperglycemia.

Because we recently observed two patients with severe diabetic hyperglycemia and spuriously elevated electronically determined hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), we investigated the effect of hyperglycemia on two popular automated hematology systems, the Coulter S and Ortho ELT-8. Marked hyperglycemia (blood glucose 800--2000 mg/dl) caused consistent overestimation of the electronically determined MCV compared to that derived from a simultaneous spun microhematocrit. The resultant overestimation and underestimation, respectively, of the derived values for hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration may be clinically misleading. The mechanism of MCV elevation in hyperglycemia appears to be swelling of hyperosmolar glucose "loaded" erythrocytes when diluted into "isotonic" counting medium. This effect is readily circumvented by determination of a spun microhematocrit.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of vincristine utilized simultaneously or 24 hours before cyclophosphamide in maintenance regimen of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of children: a report of Childrens Cancer Study Group.

A controlled clinical study in children with lymphoblastic leukemia was conducted to measure the potential benefit of time sequencing vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Vincristine and cyclophosphamide were utilized in a maintenance regimen in children after a remission had been obtained. Patients received vincristine either 24 hours before cyclophosphamide or simultaneously with cyclophosphamide. The median time to relapse and the number of continued remissions was significantly increased for patients receiving vincristine 24 hours before cyclophosphamide when compared to those patients receiving both drugs simultaneously. The results of this comparative study indicate that the sequential use of vincristine and cyclophosphamide for maintenance of a second relapse in childhood ALL produces a greater duration of remission than when both are used simultaneously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. Epidemiology in fincas with various intensities of infection.

To provide quantitative information on the epidemiology of infection with Onchocerca volvulus and to define the association between indicators of infection and onchocercal eye disease, skin snips were obtained and skin and ocular examinations were performed on 892 persons living on seven Guatemalan coffee plantations. Skin-snip positivity and the density of microfilariae in the skin increased with age, reaching highest levels at 15-19 years, and both were greater in males than females. A history of nodulectomy was given by 67% of long-term residents and this percentage also increased with age. Over 90% of skin-snip positive subjects and 39% of skin-snip negative subjects had previous or present nodules. Microfilariae were detected in the cornea of 35.1% and in the anterior chamber of 18.9% of all persons examined and the frequencies increased with age, reaching peak levels at 10-19 years. Onchocercal eye lesions were found in 52 persons, causing bilateral blindness in six. Skin-snip positivity, microfilarial skin density, number of nodules, eye infection, and onchocercal eye lesions all correlated significantly with each other. Onchocercal blindness in one or both eyes was found only on fincas with a high prevalence (greater than 80%) and intensity of infection (greater than 22 microfilariae/mg skin).

Adolescent↗