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Biomedical subjects

J A Roth

Publications and source records attributed to J A Roth.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Thymic abnormalities and growth hormone deficiency in dogs.

A high frequency of occurrence of a wasting disease, unthriftiness, and retarded growth was observed in a group of inbred Weimaraner dogs. Affected pups had a small thymus gland, with a marked absence of thymic cortex. A litter of eight pups from a sire and dam that were known to have produced affected offspring was chosen for further study. The pups had normal concentrations of WBC and gamma-globulins and were able to produce antibody in response to Brucella abortus. Two pups in the litter developed a wasting syndrome and responded well to therapy with thymosin fraction 5. One pup that survived the wasting syndrome had a significant (P < 0.05) depression of its lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin compared with its surviving littermates. Pups from this litter also lacked a normal increase in plasma growth hormone concentration after the injection of clonidine HCl. These pups had concurrent abnormalities of the thymus-dependent immune function and in growth hormone metabolism. The syndrome in these pups has some features in common with the syndrome in the Ames or Snell-Bagg strains of immunodeficient dwarf mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Surgical management of extensive tracheal lesions.

Resection and end-to-end anastomosis has been effective in correcting localized tracheal obstruction. This procedure can be utilized in the definitive management of extensive tracheal lesions requiring the resection of at least eight tracheal rings. Important clinical considerations are the precise preoperative assessment of the lesion, careful planning of anesthetic management, choice of the appropriate incision, avoidance of circumferential dissection, and the construction of an anastomosis free of disruptive tension.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Use of activated coagulation time to monitor heparin during cardiac surgery.

Activated coagulation time (ACT) for protamine reversal was monitored in 28 consecutive patients (Group 1) and a standard heparin-protamine protocol was used for an earlier series of 28 patients (Group 2). Although Group 1 received a significantly higher total heparin dose than Group 2 (p less than 0.01), the protamine dose for reversal was significantly less for the ACT group than for the controls (p less than 0.0005). The mean ratio of protamine to total heparin was 1 : 1 (range, 0.33 to 1.44) for the ACT group and 2 : 1 (range, 1.42 to 2.59) for the controls. There were no significant differences between the two groups in operative and postoperative blood loss, transfusion requirements, hematocrit, and partial thromboplastin time. This study shows that the ACT test did not reduce postoperative bleeding significantly when compared with our standard protocol. It also indicates that there is wide individual sensitivity to heparin and that significantly less protamine is required for reversal.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1979

Factors influencing patency of saphenous vein grafts.

To determine factors affecting saphenous vein graft patency, 218 grafts in 66 unselected patients were studied angiographically 1 year after operation. Fourteen variables were extracted from the angiograms, electrocardiograms, and intraoperative flow measurements to assess their predictive value. Preoperative coronary vessel diameter and degree of proximal stenosis measured angiographically correlated significantly with graft patency. Graft patency for vessels greater than 1.5 mm in diameter with greater than 70% stenosis was 93% (98 out of 105). Vessel size at operation and the presence of reactive hyperemia greater than 20 ml per minute also correlated significantly with graft patency. Reactive hyperemia increased significantly as the severity of the vessel stenosis proximal to the graft increased, thus suggesting a mechanism for the improved patency rate of grafts to more stenotic vessels. The patency rate of the end-to-side component of a continuity graft (left anterior descending coronary artery and diagonal or marginal artery in 1 graft) was 100% and of the side-to-side component, 77%. This study shows that the patency rate for saphenous vein grafts compares favorably with the reported patency for internal mammary grafts when critical factors such as vessel size (greater than 1.5 mm) and degree of stenosis (greater than 70%) are considered in bypass selection.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1978

Primary liposarcoma of the omentum.

Liposarcomas are common soft tissue tumors of the mediastinum and the retroperitoneum. Although they are rarely found in the greater omentum, when they occur in that area they can become enormous and be mistaken for pancreatic pseudocysts or ascitic distension. Recently, successful resection of a 10--kg liposarcoma of the omentum was performed at our institution. A description of the clinical presentation, preoperative assessment, and characteristics of this tumor are reported and the literature is surveyed. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy for these tumors is also discussed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Effect of adriamycin and high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy on in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients.

Adjuvant chemotherapy with adriamycin (ADR) and high-dose methotrexate (HDM) with citrovorum rescue appears to hold promise for preventing recurrence of sarcomas following surgery. However, the effect of prolonged treatment with these agents on both in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is unknown. To assess in vitro CMI, cryopreserved lymphocytes from 18 patients, collected before and at monthly intervals following initiation of biweekly ADR and HDM therapy, were tested simultaneously for stimulation to phytohemagglutinin, poke-weed mitogen, Concanavalin A, and pooled allogeneic lymphocytes by a micro-test technique. In vivo CMI was determined by serial skin-testing with 2,4,-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). No significant overall change was noted for any of the in vitro lymphocyte function tests. DNCB skin test ratings, peripheral leukocyte counts and absolute lymphocyte counts did not change significantly during the study. Lymphocytes from a second group of patients were tested before, at 24 and 48 hours after HDM therapy. In vitro lymphocyte function tests were significantly depressed 24 hours following treatment, but returned to pretreatment levels at 48 hours. Long-term adjuvant ADR and HDM therapy does not appear to alter in vivo and in vitro CMI, although transient depressions were noted. The preservation of intact CMI may account in part, for the effectiveness of these agents as surgical adjuvants.

Adult↗