Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J A Roth

Publications and source records attributed to J A Roth.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effects of ACTH administration on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and lymphocyte blastogenesis.

Yearling steers were treated with ACTH to determine the effect of increased plasma cortisol concentration on bovine lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function. The administration of ACTH caused a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in serum cortisol concentration and depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The response to pokeweed mitogen was also depressed, but not significantly. Random migration by PMN was significantly enhanced by ACTH treatment, but there was no effect on ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by PMN. The iodination reaction, which evaluates the activity of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide antibacterial system of the PMN, was significantly impaired after ACTH treatment. These data indicate that specific parameters of lymphocyte and neutrophil function were impaired directly or indirectly by elevated in vivo concentrations of plasma cortisol.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

Human tumor-associated antigens detected by serological techniques: analysis of autologous humoral immune responses to primary and metastatic human sarcomas by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent solid-phase assay (ELISA).

An enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent solid-phase assay was developed for measuring humoral immune responses to human sarcoma-associated antigens, and binding of autologous sera to 1-butanol extracts of fresh sarcomas was determined. Binding of autologous sarcoma patients' sera was reproducible and significantly greater than normal sera. Extensive quantitative competitive binding inhibition tests with normal tissue were unable to completely remove binding to autologous tumor extracts by sera from five of eight patients, thus demonstrating a quantitatively distinct specificity present on tumor tissue. An antibody in autologous sera recognizing a determinant on normal adult tissue was also identified. Autologous humoral immune responses to soluble 1-butanol extracts of paired primary and metastatic human sarcomas from six patients from this group were assessed. Antibody binding was observed to both primary and metastatic tumor extracts; however, binding was significantly greater to the primary extracts in 14 of 16 autologous serum-tumor combinations tested. Absorption and competitive binding inhibition studies demonstrated the presence of common sarcoma-associated antigens in extracts of both the primary tumor and its metastasis from all patients studied. Two individual metastases from the same patient also possessed antigens recognized in that patient's primary tumor extract in two cases. Autologous sarcoma patients' sera recognize sarcoma-associated antigens common to both the primary tumor and its metastasis.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1981

Isolation of neutrophils and eosinophils from the peripheral blood of cattle and comparison of their functional activities.

A procedure for isolating purified populations of neutrophils and eosinophils from bovine peripheral blood is described. The procedure involves the centrifugation of anti-coagulated whole bovine blood, flash lysis of the packed red blood cells and separation of the eosinophils from the neutrophils by centrifugation on a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. The following parameters were evaluated on populations of greater than 90% pure eosinophils and neutrophils: (1) random migration under agarose, (2) ingestion of 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (3) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (4) iodination, or the conversion of 125I to a trichloroacetic acid precipitable form, (5) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and (6) the amount of intracellular peroxidase. Neutrophils were significantly more active than eosinophils in the ingestion of S. aureus and in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Eosinophils were much more active than neutrophils in the resting and stimulated iodination test and they contained higher levels of peroxidase. There was no difference between the two cell types in their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium or migrate under agarose. The effect of Ficoll-Hypaque on granulocyte function was determined. Previous contact with Ficoll-Hypaque significantly reduced random migration but other function tests were unaffected.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

Bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were isolated from the peripheral blood of cattle. Five in vitro procedures were utilized to evaluate PMN function: 1) Random migration under agarose, 2) Ingestion of 125I-iododeoxyuridine labeled Staphylococcus aureus, 3) Quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, 4) Chemiluminescence and 5) Iodination. Normal values for bovine PMNs are reported and interpretation of results is discussed. The PMN function tests were designed so that all 5 procedures may be performed in a short period of time on the same cell preparation. This allows for the detection and partial characterization of a potential PMN dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cell-mediated immunity is depressed following cardiopulmonary bypass.

Sequential in vitro lymphocyte function tests in 13 patients undergoing cardiac operation were performed to determine factors that contribute to depressed cell-mediated immunity following operation. Lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), and mitomycin-treated, pooled, allogeneic lymphocytes (MLC). Mitogen responses were measured by 3H-labeled thymidine incorporation. Circulating levels of T, B, and Fc-receptor lymphocytes were determined by counting E, EAC, and EA rosettes. Serum cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassay. The T-cell-dependent lymphocyte responses (PHA, Con A, and MLC) were significantly decreased 24 hours after operation, and this was accompanied by a 60% decrease in circulating T-cell levels. The PHA, Con A, and MLC responses, and circulating T-cell levels returned to preoperative values one week following operation. Lymphocyte responses to mitogens remained significantly decreased when the number of T cells in the postoperative cultures were adjusted to preoperative levels. This indicates that the T cells remaining after operation were functionally impaired. We conclude that lymphocyte proliferative responses and antigen recognition are significantly depressed following cardiac operation, and that these responses are related to decreased numbers of circulating T lymphocytes and depressed function of the remaining T lymphocytes.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1981

Effects of in vivo dexamethasone administration on in vitro bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was evaluated in vitro after in vivo administration of a single dose of dexamethasone to cattle. Purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes from dexamethasone-treated cattle displayed enhanced random migration under agarose but impaired ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction, chemiluminescence, iodination, and antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The depression of iodination may have been related to a drop in the proportion of eosinophils present in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte preparations after dexamethasone administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

Four procedures were used to evaluate the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) isolated from the blood of cattle experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus: (1) uptake of am emulsion of paraffin oil and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, (2) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (3) chemiluminescence, and (4) iodination, or the conversion of iodide to a trichloroacetic acid-precipitable form. A marked impairment of iodination was consistently observed after infection with either a cytopathogenic or a noncytopathogenic strain of BVD virus. A corresponding decrease in paraffin oil uptake, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and chemiluminescence was not observed. Serum from BVD virus-infected animals did not depress iodination by normal control PMN in vitro. The iodination, procedure evaluates the activity of the myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, halide system. This system has potent bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal effects. The data indicate that oxidative metabolism by PMN from BVD virus-infected cattle is normal, but that the myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, halide antibacterial system is impaired. This could be explained by an inhibition of degranulation in PMN from infected cattle. The observed defect in iodination by PMN after BVD virus infection was compounded by a decrease in the number of circulating PMN. The impairment of PMN function may partially explain the increased susceptibility of cattle to secondary bacterial infection during infection with BVD virus.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Reactive pseudosarcomatous response in urinary bladder.

An unusual pseudosarcomatous lesion of the urinary bladder is described in a thirty-two-year-old woman. The absence of malignant epithelial elements, the benign clinical course, and a history of chronic cystitis support the interpretation of a reactive proliferation. Awareness of this entity is important in determining therapeutic intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied in 108 children and adolescents with psychiatric illness and 67 control subjects. Platelet MAO activity was higher in male children with a psychiatric disturbance than in male control subjects. There was a gradual decline in platelet MAO activity during childhood and adolescence. Associations were demonstrated between MAO activity and hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count, and should be considered in biological studies of vulnerability to psychiatric illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Chemiluminescence by Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes cells suspended in brain heart infusion broth or in carbonated saline solution emitted light (chemiluminescence) that could be detected by a liquid scintillation spectrometer. This chemiluminescence was inhibited by superoxide dismutase and catalase but not by the hydroxyl radical scavengers mannitol and benzoate; it was also dependent upon and proportional to the carbonate ion concentration in the medium. Organisms suspended in carbonated saline solution which had ceased to chemiluminesce immediately began to chemiluminesce again when acetaldehyde was added but not when glucose, sucrose, or xanthine was added. Acetaldehyde-induced chemiluminescence was inhibited by suproxide dismutase and catalase but not by allopurinol. Our data indicate that the superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and the carbonate ion are involved in chemiluminescence by L. monocytogenes. Chemiluminescence is apparently initiated by the extracellular generation of superoxide anon by this organism. The mechanism for the production of the superoxide anion is not known, but xanthine oxidase does not appear to be involved.

Carbonates↗