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Biomedical subjects

I Werner

Publications and source records attributed to I Werner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of replacing some animal protein by soy-protein in a lipid-lowering diet for hypercholesterolaemic patients.

Six hypercholesterolaemic patients were fed a lipid-lowering diet during three weeks in a metabolic ward. The mean serum cholesterol decreased by 25 per cent. During the following two weeks they were given a diet with a similar composition but with half of the protein content replaced by soya bean protein. During this treatment, there was a further reduction of the serum cholesterol by 10 per cent (P less than 0.05) corresponding to a decrease of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 9 per cent (P less than 0.01). The lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle increased by 38 per cent (P less than 0.05). There was no significant change of the i.v. glucose tolerance, the fasting blood glucose concentration or the serum insulin concentrations at fasting or after i.v. glucose. However, the relation between the 'peak insulin' and the fasting serum insulin expressed as the 'insulin index' increased in all patients on the soy protein diet (P less than 0.05).

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1981

Serum lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in grossly obese patients before and after jejuno-ileal shunt operation.

Fourteen grossly obese patients were studied before and 2, 6, 12 and 24 months after jejuno-ileal bypass. The major weight loss occurred during the first 6 months while there was no significant change of the mean body weight during the last 12 months of the study. During the initial period of pronounced weight loss there were significant reductions of all lipoprotein classes, e.g. at 2 months the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides had decreased by 41% (P less than 0.01), the low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 42% (P less than 0.001), the high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 27% (P less than 0.001) and the serum apolipoprotein B, A-I and A-II concentrations by 30% (P less than 0.001), 17% (P less than 0.001) and 27% (P less than 0.01) respectively. The fractional removal rate (K2) at the intravenous fat tolerance test had increased by 38% (P less than 0.01), indicating an increased removal capacity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. At 24 months the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides, the low density lipoprotein cholesterol and the apolipoprotein B concentration remained reduced by 28% (P less than 0.05), 48% (P less than 0.001) and 35% (P less than 0.001) respectively. The intravenous fat tolerance test K2 remained significantly increased by 44% (P less than 0.05). However, the high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the apolipoprotein A-I and A-II concentrations had successively increased again to preoperative levels. The low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was decreased by 44% (P less than 0.001) and the apolipoprotein A-I/apolipoprotein B ratio had increased by 74% (P less than 0.001), both changes presumably beneficial in regard of atherogenicity. The apolipoprotein A-I/high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B/low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios had increased by 23% (P less than 0.001) and 28% (P less than 0.001) respectively. The data indicate that the reduction of high density lipoprotein may be a transient phenomenon during the initial period of weight loss but that definite changes occur in the high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein composition which are apparent also 2 years after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia with 'type-specific' diets under metabolic ward conditions. Effects on serum lipoproteins and serum lipid esters.

Three lipid lowering diets for treatment of different types of hyperlipoproteinemia were prepared based on ordinary Swedish food. Seven different daily menus were planned with an identical composition at all energy levels. The fat and protein content provided 34-35% and 20% of the energy, respectively. The ratios between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids varied in the three diets between 1.3 and 2.0. The cholesterol content was 0.14 g per 6.7 MJ. The effects of the diets were evaluated under isoenergetic conditions in 45 hyperlipoproteinemic patients during 2 weeks. The concentration of the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides decreased by 27-33%, the low density lipoprotein by 16-19% and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 5-13% compared with the concentrations during a preceding 2-week period on a control diet. No changes of the lipoprotein removal capacity indicated that the effects were mainly due to a reduced production of serum lipoproteins.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Thin layer chromatography for rapid detection of carbohydrate utilization by Bacteroides strains.

19 weakly saccharolytic Bacteroides strains of different species were tested by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for their fermentative abilities for fructose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, and raffinose. Conventional fermentation tests were run parallel. In general, a good agreement between both methods was recorded. Two strains, however, showed a degradation in the TLC test without an acidification. With some strains, sucrose as a substrate yielded a fructose spot, lactose a galactose spot, and raffinose a melibiose spot, indicating an incomplete degradation of these carbohydates.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1980

Clinical effects of parathyroid surgery in normocalcaemic patients with recurrent renal stones.

Among 52 patients with recurrent renal calcium stones submitted for neck exploration 12 had adenomas, 23 hyperplasia and only 17 histologically normal parathyroid glands. These patients were selected for surgery despite a normal mean value of the total serum calcium concentration because they had, in most cases, indirect evidence of parathyroid hyperfunction such as intermittent hypercalcaemia (in 25 of the patients), hypercalciuria or a pathological response to calcium infusion. It is suggested that the patients with adenomas suffered from primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), which however did not cause persisting hypercalcaemia. It seems likely that parathyroid hyperplasia either was a mild or an early form of primary HPT or secondary to increased calcium losses. In this study, no single laboratory feature could clearly separate the different groups. None of the patients with adenomas formed any new stone during follow-up (2-7 years) and also 40% of those with hyperplasia appeared to experience benefit from surgery. This benefit was more common in those with occasionally raised serum calcium values. In cases with borderline hypercalcaemia HPT is common and is cured by parathyroidectomy. However, in clinical practice the differential diagnosis may be difficult. In cases without firm evidence of HPT a conservative approach is favoured. Thiazides appear to reduce the stone recurrence rate in most euparathyroid patients and will probably help to unmask borderline HPT in recurrent renal stone formers.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Effect of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine on growth and differentiation of cultured embryonic retinal pigment cells.

Chicken embryo retinal pigment cells cultured for 2 weeks in 1 or 10 microns BrdU accumulate only 25% of the amount of melanin found in controls. Growth is inhibited by 10 microns BrdU but not by 1 micron BrdU. Cells cultured with BrdU had decreased tyrosinase activity and lost the typical epithelial appearance of controls. Equimolar concentrations of deoxythymidine did not prevent the inhibition of melanogenesis due to BrdU but did prevent the growth inhibition of the higher concentration of BrdU (10 microns). Tenfold higher concentrations of deoxythymidine prevented inhibition of epithelial differentiation and melanogenesis. Ultrastructurally, BrdU produced an absence of melanosomes and disruption of the lamellar array of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The perinuclear arrangement of microfilaments became irregular. The cell surface was radically affected as membranes were no longer ruffled and cell junctions disappeared. Melanogenesis is a complex form of differentiated function, involving synthesis of tyrosinase and control of its activity, macromolecular synthesis of the melanosome, and the subsequent synthesis of melanin within the melanosome. BrdU appears to inhibit melanogenesis through a coordinated and simultaneous interference with these processes, suggesting that there may be a "program" of gene activity for melanogenesis that is regulated as a unit.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Sheehan's syndrome of hypothalamic origin in a woman with juvenile diabetes mellitus.

A 25-year-old woman with severe diabetes mellitus since the age of 7 developed anterior pituitary insufficiency after pregnancy toxaemia with hypofunction of the thyroid, ovaries and adrenal cortex. Following the development of Sheehan's syndrome, her insulin requirment decreased dramatically. I.v. administration of TRH, LRH and vasopressin induced nearly normal pituitary response levels of TSH, LH and plasma cortisol, indicating a hypothalamic damage as the primary aetiological factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the non-adenomatous glands in patients with a solitary parathyroid adenoma.

The properties of the non-adenomatous glands in 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism due to solitary adenoma were studied. The mean glandular and parenchymal cell weight was somewhat lower than that found by others in glands from euparathyroid subjects. In almost all glands the dark chief cells predominated. This cell type indicates endocrine activity. With some exceptions the glandular endocrine activity seems to be less pronounced than in the concomitantly resected adenoma. Histologically there was no apparent signs of atrophy or hyperplasia in the nonadenomatous glands. The clinical relevance of the findings is discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1976

Studies on cerebrovascular strokes. II. Clinical findings and short-term prognosis in a stroke material.

This paper reports the second part of an investigation of first-time cerebrovascular strokes in people under 70 years of age. The clinical data of 344 patients, together with the short-term outcome of the disease, are presented. The immediate (one month) overall mortality was 38%. The corresponding percentage for cerebral haemorrhage was 86, for cerebral infarction 20 and for cerebral embolism 28. Of the surviving patients, 111 had to be transferred to some form of institution at discharge after the acute phase; 103 were able to return to their homes. The influence of various factors upon the immediate prognosis is discussed. Of the clinical findings, the level of consciousness and a calculated score based on the neurological symptoms on admission, proved to have the highest predictive value. Using this score it was possible to predict the outcome in about 85%. Single factors very highly associated with a poor prognosis were the co-existence of cardiac disease and renal insufficiency. There was a notably high prevalence of hypercalcaemia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Gemfibrozil as a lipid lowering compound in hyperlipoproteinaemia. A placebo-controlled cross-over trial.

The efficacy of gemfibrozil in lowering increased serum lipoprotein concentrations was tested in a placebo-controlled cross-over trial on 30 patients. Administered in a dose of 1200 mg daily, gemfibrozil reduced increased serum triglyceride levels by approximately 50% and reduced increased serum cholesterol concentrations by about 20%. Elevated VLDL triglyceride levels were reduced by 60%, and increased LDL cholesterol concentrations were reduced by approximately 20%. The mean HDL cholesterol concentration increased during gemfibrozil treatment. No adverse reactions attributable to gemfibrozil were recorded during the trial.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Parathyroid adenomas and glands in normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism. A light microscopic study.

Surgical exploration of the parathyroid glands was carried out in 84 patients who had recurrent kidney stones and serum calcium levels in the upper quartile and most of whom had hypercalciuria. Parathyroid adenoma(s) were found in 19 cases, hyperplasia in 39 cases, and normal parathyroid glands in 26 cases. Postoperatively, a clinical follow-up was carried out for 2 to 5 years. No relapse has occurred in the cases with adenoma(s) but did occur in 24% of the group with hyperplasia and in 48% of the group with normal glands. The histopathologic findings are described here, while the clinical results are given in another paper. The adenomas do not differ histologically from those giving rise to hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism. The hyperplasia was of the chief cell type and was slight in most cases. The "normal" glands did not differ from other normal glands from euparathyroid subjects. There was no significant difference in weight and histopathologic appearance between the hyperplastic glands of patients who relapsed and those who did not. Nor did the normal glands of "cured" patients differ from those of patients with relapse. However, in both these groups, some histologic features seem to indicate a favorable outcome; in the group with hyperplasia, there were higher glandular and parencymal cell weight as well as predominance of light chief cells and small fibrotic areas. In the normal group, higher number of argyrophil cells and small fibrotic areas also seem to implicate a better prognosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1975

The effect of glycerol infusion in acute cerebral infarction.

Intravenous administration of glycerol has been used in an effort to improve the prognosis for patients with acute cerebral infarction. Fifty patients were treated actively and 56 served as a control group. The neurological status before, during and after treatment for six days was assessed by a score system. The patients were grouped according to the initial score. Those with the highest and lowest scores did not improve from glycerol infusion. However, the treated patients with intermediate scores, where the prognosis is known to be dubious, showed a significant improvement compared to the controls. The mortality was not influenced. No undesirable side-effects from glycerol were registered.

Acute Disease↗