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Biomedical subjects

I Werner

Publications and source records attributed to I Werner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Retrobiosynthetic NMR studies with 13C-labeled glucose. Formation of gallic acid in plants and fungi.

The biosynthesis of gallic acid was studied in cultures of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus and in leaves of the tree Rhus typhina. Fungal cultures were grown with [1-13C]glucose or with a mixture of unlabeled glucose and [U-13C6]glucose. Young leaves of R. typhina were kept in an incubation chamber and were supplied with a solution containing a mixture of unlabeled glucose and [U-13C6]glucose via the leaf stem. Isotope distributions in isolated gallic acid and aromatic amino acids were analyzed by one-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. A quantitative analysis of the complex isotopomer composition of metabolites was obtained by deconvolution of the 13C13C coupling multiplets using numerical simulation methods. This approach required the accurate analysis of heavy isotope chemical shift effects in a variety of different isotopomers and the analysis of long range 13C13C coupling constants. The resulting isotopomer patterns were interpreted using a retrobiosynthetic approach based on a comparison between the isotopomer patterns of gallic acid and tyrosine. The data show that both in the fungus and in the plant all carbon atoms of gallic acid are biosynthetically equivalent to carbon atoms of shikimate. Notably, the carboxylic group of gallic acid is derived from the carboxylic group of an early intermediate of the shikimate pathway and not from the side chain of phenylalanine or tyrosine. It follows that the committed precursor of gallic acid is an intermediate of the shikimate pathway prior to prephenate or arogenate, most probably 5-dehydroshikimate. A formation of gallic acid via phenylalanine, the lignin precursor, caffeic acid, or 3,4, 5-trihydroxycinnamic acid can be ruled out as major pathways in the fungus and in young leaves of R. typhina. The incorporation of uniformly 13C-labeled glucose followed by quantitative NMR analysis of isotopomer patterns is suggested as a general method for biosynthetic studies. As shown by the plant experiment, this approach is also applicable to systems with low incorporation rates.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed1990

[Properties and biological effect of dust of various artificial mineral fibers].

Developments and use of man-made mineral fibres are important for the progress in some technical fields. In the last years the number of man-made mineral fibres increased extraordinarily. For the medical evaluation it is necessary to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the man-made mineral fibre dust and its biological effects in animal experiments. The results of the investigations are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The internist and general practitioner in ambulatory care--similarities and limits].

As a contribution to a self-appreciation of internal medicine which must newly be thought through under the modern conditions of medicine and society is tried to determine limits and communities of this specialty in the ambulatory basic medical care with regard to the general medicine orientating to the activities as a family doctor.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

[Biotransformation of B 24/76 in the rat, minipig, dog and man].

After oral administration of B 24/76 (1) on experimental animals (rat, minipig, dog) and human beings 11 metabolites could be isolated from urine, faeces and bile. The structure of 7 compounds was elucidated by means of TLC and MS. The investigated species are showing an analogues metabolic pattern with differences in the intensity and main metabolites. In phase II-reaction we could observe qualitative differences.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

[Responsibility for patients dependent on outside help, especially elderly citizens].

The present paper will pay attention to tendencies and problems in the care of persons requiring help, particularly of older ones. It is attempted to outline the developmental conditions for the present dealing with old people in our society and from this to derive the growing responsibility of public health and social welfare services for the direct care of these people as well as the organisation of their care within the family and the housing community. The inpatient sector of different specialties in the territory as well as the outpatient sector, in particular the family doctor and the community nurse, must participate in this responsibility. Moreover, the care for older persons, the forming of adequate attitudes to them within the population and the creation of more favourable conditions for a care within the family is a task of the whole society.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Changes in lipoprotein metabolism during a supplemented fast and an ensuing vegetarian diet period.

The effect on lipoprotein metabolism of a 2-week modified fast and an immediately ensuing 3-week period on a vegetarian diet was studied under metabolic ward conditions in 21 non-obese female and 6 male patients. The very low calorie diet induced reductions of the cholesterol concentration in all serum lipoprotein classes. In the female patients, who were all normolipoproteinaemic, the triglycerides in serum showed a slight increase during the fast, reflecting small changes in very low (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein triglycerides. This may probably be explained partly by simultaneous significant reductions of both the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue lipoprotein lipase activities (LPLA). In contrast, in the male patients who had a higher VLDL level at admission, the VLDL triglycerides decreased without significant changes of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and of LPLA in muscle. The female patients, whose weights were stable during the vegetarian diet, ended up with a lower HDL cholesterol than at the start of the trial. This effect was probably partly due to the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the vegetarian diet. It is concluded that the changes of lipoprotein metabolism during supplemented fasting are quantitatively and qualitatively different in several respects in females and males.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between weight reduction and state of malabsorption after jejunoileal bypass for excessive obesity.

A 10-year follow-up study of 30 patients subjected to jejunoileal bypass surgery for obesity is reported. The technique used which resulted in a jejunoileal shunt length of 50-55 cm gave satisfactory weight reduction in 75 per cent of the patients. There were no serious complications. The weight loss occurred essentially during the first 12-18 months, the main cause being defective digestion and malabsorption. In some instances this was supported by initially reduced food consumption. A certain degree of steatorrhoea persists in most cases after 10 years and may be of importance in the maintenance of the new stable weight level.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of an increased content of cereal fibre in the diet of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.

The metabolic effects of an increased dietary content of cereal fibre were studied in 14 Type 2 diabetic subjects. They were given two isoenergetic diets in randomised order during two consecutive 3-week periods. A diabetic diet, containing 18.9 g dietary fibre/6.7 MJ (1600 kcal), was compared with a diet of identical composition except for an increased content of cereal fibre (42.4 g dietary fibre/6.7 MJ). The mean blood glucose level and the urinary glucose excretion were significantly lower in patients on the cereal-fibre-rich diet, while the serum insulin concentrations were similar. The mean blood glucose level was significantly reduced at 0700 h by 6% (p less than 0.05) and at 1100 h by 13% (p less than 0.01) on the high-fibre diet. Consequently the insulin/glucose ratio was higher (33%, p less than 0.02) in patients on the fibre-enriched diet. There were only minor differences with regard to the serum lipoprotein concentrations. The lipoprotein lipase activities were similar in the two dietary groups. The reduction of blood glucose concentrations together with unchanged serum insulin concentrations is compatible with improved peripheral insulin sensitivity.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Improved metabolic control after supplemented fasting in overweight type II diabetic patients.

Twenty obese type II diabetes patients were treated in a metabolic ward during 4 weeks with a very low calorie regimen (200 kcal/day). They were given dietary advice and reexamined 3 months after discharge. Mean body weight decreased by 10 kg during fasting, blood glucose was normalized, urinary glucose disappeared and the K-value at i.v. glucose tolerance test increased. Fasting serum insulin concentrations decreased by 54%. Serum triglycerides (TG) decreased by 65%, serum cholesterol (Chol) by 28% and high density lipoprotein (HDL) Chol by 14%. Three months later, only serum TG remained significantly decreased (-47%) while HDL Chol was significantly higher than on admission (+11%). Fasting blood glucose remained significantly lower (-25%) with a low urinary glucose excretion. Supplemented fasting appears to be a safe and useful tool in the treatment of obese type II diabetics. It causes, at least during a limited follow-up period, a significant improvement in glucose control and lipoprotein metabolism in spite of a concomitant reduction of the antidiabetic medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes in metabolism during a fasting period and a subsequent vegetarian diet with particular reference to glucose metabolism.

During an investigation on the effect of fasting and a vegetarian diet on the symptoms and signs in chronic cutaneous and arthritic diseases studies were made of glucose metabolism, liver function and the plasma concentration and urine excretion of some minerals. The study was performed on 27 patients who stayed as in-patients on a metabolic ward for five weeks. After the fasting period the blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were lower (p less than 0.01) than before the fast. At the end of the period on the vegetarian (vegan) diet (three weeks) the insulin/glucose ratio was lower than at the start of the fast. Serum enzyme concentrations reflecting liver function increased during the fast, but normalized during the vegan diet. The intake of vitamin B12 and of selenium due to the vegan diets was very low, which may give reason for some concern during long-term use of this type of vegetarian diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A fasting and vegetarian diet treatment trial on chronic inflammatory disorders.

Twenty patients with arthritis and various skin diseases were studied on a metabolic ward during a 2-week period of modified fast followed by a 3-week period of vegetarian diet. During fasting, arthralgia was less intense in many subjects. In some types of skin diseases (pustulosis palmaris et plantaris and atopic eczema) an improvement could be demonstrated during the fast. During the vegan diet, both signs and symptoms returned in most patients, with the exception of some patients with psoriasis who experienced an improvement. The concentrations of lactoferrin in serum reflect the turnover and activity of neutrophil leukocytes. When this protein was initially increased it fell to normal values in most cases. The improvement or impairment of signs and symptoms was related to the lactoferrin levels in serum.

Adult↗