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Biomedical subjects

I Segal

Publications and source records attributed to I Segal.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Unusual clinical presentation of acute sarcoidosis.

A 16-year-old male developed fever and productive cough of 2 months' duration. Extensive search for an infectious process was negative. After appearance of knee joint effusion, a transbronchial biopsy through a fiberoptic bronchoscope revealed histological findings consistent with sarcoidosis. The patient recovered after a course of prednisone therapy. The atypical presentation of this systemic disease caused considerable delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Binding to cell surfaces by antibodies against exoATPase.

Avian oviductal secretions contain an exoATPase which has been purified up to 900-fold. Antibodies to this fraction bind to several cell types and to membrane fractions solubilized by selected detergents. The experiments indicate that a related antigen is present in plasma membranes and that exoATPase is released by a shedding process.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1980

The rarity of ulcerative colitis in South African blacks.

Ulcerative colitis is rare in black populations of sub-Saharan African. Only 18 cases were reported up to 1975. Since then, in four years, an additional 13 patients have been diagnosed at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg. This hospital, with 2,700 beds, serves a population of approximately 1 1/2 million blacks. The low frequency of ulcerative colitis is in accord with the uncommonness of other noninfective large bowel diseases and contrasts with their high prevalences in white populations. Reasons for the uncommonness of ulcerative colitis in blacks are not known but consumption of their still largely traditional diet, insufficient exposure to environmental changes linked with urbanization and genetic factors may be responsible. All patients in this series, save one, were females. They were urbanized, belonged to upper social and educational strata and consumed a Western, or partially Westernized diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The witchdoctor and the bowel.

Most urban Blacks consult witchdoctors for diverse reasons. The potent effects of their herbal medicines can result in damage to almost any part of the gastro-intestinal tract, and the outcome may be fatal. Diseases induced by witchdoctors therefore constitute an important facet of the disease spectrum of recently urbanized Blacks. Possible reasons for the strong influence of the witchdoctor are given. It is suggested that there should be a reappraisal of medical training in a Black society, so that cognizance can be taken of the important role played by witchdoctors.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of traumatic pancreatic pseudocysts. A report of 2 cases.

The results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 2 patients with traumatic pancreatic pseudocysts are described. As a pre-operative procedure, this investigation provided useful information on the exact site of duct disruption. In both patients, the pancreatic pseudocysts were drained via a posterior cyst gastrostomy, and they have remained well since surgery. Follow-up ERCP at 6 and 12 months demonstrated complete stenosis at the site of duct disruption. The value of ERCP in the pre-operative and follow-up management of traumatic pancreatic pseudocysts is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Diagnosis of upper gastro-intestinal lesions by endoscopy, cytology and biopsy.

A prospective consecutive series of 210 upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures, at which material for both cytological and histopathological examination was obtained, was conducted at Baragwanath Hospital. The purpose of the study was to determine the respective and combined diagnostic value of endoscopic visualization, cytological brushings and histological sections in benign and malignant lesions of the oesophagus and stomach; and in particular to assess the contribution, if any, of exfoliative cytology to the diagnostic regimen. Endoscopic visualization alone was inconclusive or incorrect in 13% of procedures, cytology alone in 9%, and biopsy alone in 12% (the latter 2 figures corrected for adequacy of material submitted). When assessed together, the diagnostic accuracy achieved by all 3 techniques was 99%. The major contribution of cytology was the correct positive diagnosis in 20% of procedures, performed on patients with malignant lesions, whose initial biopsy specimen was inadequate or normal. It is concluded that for maximal diagnostic accuracy of upper gastro-intestinal lesions, a combined approach, utilizing endoscopic examination, lesion-directed brushings and biopsy specimens, is required.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Faecal pH value and its modification by dietary means in South African black and white schoolchildren.

Mean faecal pH values did not differ significantly in groups of rural South African Black schoolchildren of 10--12 years who ate their traditional high-fibre low-fat diet, and urban dwellers who consumed a partially westernized diet. However, both means were significantly lower than those of groups of White schoolchildren. In feeding studies of 5 days' duration, mean faecal pH value of Black children became significantly less acid when white bread replaced maize meal, and became significantly more acid when a supplement of 6 oranges was consumed daily. Supplements which consisted of skim milk, butter, and sugar had no significant effect on mean faecal pH value. In White children in an institution, the mean pH value of faeces became significantly more acid when a supplement of 6 oranges, although not of bran 'crunchies', was consumed daily.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1979

Amoebic liver abscess in patients presenting with jaundice. A report of 5 cases.

Five patients with severe jaundice resulting from amoebic liver abscess are described. All had features of hepatic parenchymal damage and cholestasis, and 1 patient developed hepatic coma. In addition, acute tubular necrosis and renal failure occurred in 3 patients. Four patients in the series survived. The importance of early recognition and treatment of amoebic liver abscess in patients presenting with jaundice is emphasized, so that the serious and often fatal complications of hepatic and renal failure can be prevented.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Epidemiology of noninfective intestinal diseases in various ethnic groups in South Africa.

The prevalences of bowel diseases (hemorrhoids, appendicitis, polyps, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, and colon cancer) are similar in South African whites and in populations of prosperous western countries. Among rural South African blacks with a traditional life style, these diseases are very uncommon or almost unknown. Among the urban South African blacks with a partially westernized life style, the diseases remain uncommon. Frequencies of appendectomies and colon cancer in urban blacks have increased little during the last three decades, although an increase undoubtedly has occurred in the frequency of diverticular disease. Frequencies of bowel diseases in South African Indian and colored (Eurafrican, Malay) populations are intermediate. Because the diseases are almost entirely of environmental causation (due to principally to changes in diet), prevalences almost certainly will increase in blacks, Indians and coloreds, as their way of life becomes further westernized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Exocrine pancreatic function in patients with idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head.

Exocrine pancreatic function after secretin and cholecystokinin stimulation was examined in a group of patients with idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head and in a normal control group. The volume output, bicarbonate and amylase concentrations in the patient group were not significantly lower than in the control group. Taken individually, however, 3 out of 8 patients with idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head had abnormal pancreatic function tests. In 4 patients there was a significant alcohol intake, with a history suggestive of acute pancreatitis in 2. This suggests that in some patients chronic pancreatitis may be a factor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Duodenal ulcer and working-class mobility in an African population in South Africa.

The number of Africans in Johannesburg presenting with duodenal ulcers has steadily increased over the past 50 years. The characteristics of 105 patients with duodenal ulcer who presented a Baragwanath Hospital were compared with those of matched and unmatched samples of patients without gastrointestinal conditions in the same hospital. Men with duodenal ulcers were found to be significantly better educated than their controls, most had been born in the town, and more of them were employed at higher, though not the highest, educational levels. These data were used to test Susser's proposition that duodenal ulcers are associated with "early urbanisation." Johannesburg blacks with duodenal ulcer did seem to fit the pattern, but the relation between stress and duodenal ulcer remains unclear.

Adolescent↗