Biomedical subjects

I Nolte

Publications and source records attributed to I Nolte.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after administration of iodine contrast medium with the Renalyzer PRX90 in healthy cats and cats with kidney diseases].

In the present study, the measurement of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the cat with the aid of an iodine contrast medium clearance with the renalyzer PRX90 is introduced. Investigations on the accuracy of measurement showed that even repeated measurement of plasma samples after two days of storage at room temperature yielded reproducible clearance results. Also, partial dilution of the plasma sample (2 ml with 1 ml Aqua bidest.) to reduce the volume of blood withdrawn still produced reliable results. Further dilution of the plasma volume (1 ml with 2 ml Aqua bidest.) however did not allow for accurate measurements. A total of 59 cats of different age and sex were included in the study. 31 cats had healthy kidneys with urea and creatinine values within the reference range, unchanged urine findings and physiologic urine protein patterns (SDS-PAGE). These cats served as reference group. The GFR reference value ascertained for these animals was 2.1 ml/min/kg BW (mean = 3.45 ml/min/kg with s = +/- 1.0 ml/min/kg). 28 cats had elevated values of urea and creatinine in the blood, as well as partially changed urine findings. For further diagnosis of renal disease, separation of urine proteins was done with the SDS-PAGE in the PhastSystem, which in all cases yielded a pathologic urine protein pattern. In 11 cases the renal disease could be further confirmed by histological investigation. GFR in these patients was clearly lowered compared with healthy cats, with measured values between 0 and 1.8 ml/min/kg. It can be concluded that the renalyzer allows reliable determination of the GFR also in the cat. To what extent measurement of the GFR is also helpful to diagnose nephropathies in the stage of compensation needs to be further investigated. In cats with high grade uremia and a GFR below 1 ml/min however, an exact calculation is not possible, since the accuracy of measurement within this range is inadequate. Thus, in severe disease no correct assessment is possible, and no statement concerning prognosis can be made.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Meniscus injuries in dogs with rupture of the cruciate ligament].

In a period of 18 months, 132 stifle joints of 125 dogs with a partial or complete rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament were examined according to a systematic protocol at the Clinic for Small Animals of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany. Surgery was performed with either an intraarticular or extraarticular surgical technique. In all cases a "cleaning up" was carried out. If the medial meniscus was damaged it was resected and the lesion was inspected macroscopically. After six months, 88 patients were examined clinically and radiologically according to the same protocol as half a year before. Injuries of the medial meniscus occurred in 77.3% of the 132 cases. Furthermore it could be shown that patients which had a lameness for more than six weeks before examination had a higher rate of lesions of the medial meniscus than patients that had been lame for a shorter period. A detachment of the caudal horn of the medial meniscus was the most common meniscal lesion. There was no difference in success of therapy between patients with a meniscal resection and those without resection.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

A method for measuring capillary bleeding time in non-anaesthetized dogs: prolongation of the bleeding time by acetylsalicylic acid.

A reproducible standardized method for measuring capillary bleeding time (CBT) in dogs is presented. The skin was punctured at the toe from a forelimb of non-anaesthetized dogs parallel to the edge of the horny skin of the pad. Before the procedure, a cuff of a sphygmometer was placed above the antibrachium and a hyperaemie agent was applied to the shaved area. The normal CBT in non-anaesthetized dogs was 2.25 +/- 0.76 min (x +/- SD). After injection of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (20 mg/kg body weight), CBT was prolonged up to 25 min. Platelet aggregation in response to 10 micrograms collagen/ml was decreased in parallel after treatment with ASA.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Optimization of prothrombin time measurements in canine plasma.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize a prothrombin time (PT) method designed for human plasma for use with canine plasma. SAMPLE POPULATION: 100 plasma samples from healthy dogs and 50 plasma samples with reduced activity of the single factors II, V, VII or X. PROCEDURE: Canine plasma samples with various coagulation activity values (100, 75, 50, 25 and 10%: prepared by dilution from a plasma pool [n = 100]) were assayed at various sample dilutions and dilutions of the thromboplastin component of 3 commercial calcium thromboplastin reagents. The sc-named optimized PT test was compared with the standard test with respect to its sensitivity and correlation with the sum of the activity decreases of single factors II, V, VII, and X in relation to the respective reference range. RESULTS: The time intervals between various coagulation activity values, which were small by use of the standard test, could be increased by diluting the sample and substituting fibrinogen, but not by diluting the tissue thromboplastin component of PT reagent. On the basis of 50 abnormal plasma samples, the optimized test had high sensitivity (0.90 to 1.00, dependent on reagent and sample dilution) in contrast to the standard test, which had low sensitivity (0.24 to 0.58, dependent on reagent). Also, correlation with the sum of the activity decreases was closer by use of the optimized (0.90 to 0.93) than the standard (0.58 to 0.84) test. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the standard test, an optimized test is suitable as a sensitive screening test of the extrinsic coagulation system in dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The optimized PT method is easy to perform and, therefore, should be in general use for assay of canine plasma.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect of xylazine after epidural administration in dogs under general anesthesia with isoflurane].

Seven dogs anaesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen (1.9 Vol.-% ET) were examined before and after lumbosacral injection of xylazine (0.25 mg/kg) into the epidural space. Over a 240 minute period the dogs were first stimulated in a visceral manner (extension of the colon descendens by a balloon-catheter) every 15 minutes. In a second part, the dogs were stimulated somatically by pressure to the interdigital skin of a hindlimb. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were used to determine the analgesic properties of epidurally injected xylazine. Furthermore, plasma xylazine concentration was controlled in both series. Before epidural anaesthesia, heart rate and mean arterial pressure increased during stimulation significantly in both groups. After epidural injection of xylazine, hemodynamic reactions were distinctly diminished, in the somatically stimulated group more than in the viscerally stimulated group. Up to 30 minutes after epidural injection, plasma xylazine concentrations of about 100 ng/ml were found in both groups. Up to 60 minutes after epidural injection, plasma xylazine concentrations of more than 60 ng/ml still were found. From the 120th minute on, xylazine concentration decreased below 30 ng/ml. From these results, it can be concluded that there is a well-suited analgesic effect of epidurally applicated xylazine for approximately 240 minutes.

Analgesia↗

PubMed1997

[Ultrasonography of the stifle joint in dogs].

This paper gives an overview of the sonographic possibilities to examine the canine stifle joint. Sonographic examination was performed in stifle joints of 30 dogs without any pathologic changes in the hind leg. The sonographic examination is presented with corresponding sonographical findings. For this indication a linear- and sector transducer with 7.5 Mhz was proved to be useful. The patellar ligament could be scanned very well by a linear transducer in a longitudinal section using a standoff pad. Both the lateral and medial meniscus could be inspected, as well as injuries of the menisci. As an indirect sign to a lesion, effusions of the joint were proved quite sensitively. The cruciate ligaments could not be demonstrated correctly with ultrasound. The ultrasonography is used for the investigation of the soft tissue structures as the completion of the radiology. The scanning diagnostic technique is practicable with a low technical expenditure, is not stressful for the patient and can be repeated for therapy controls: Disadvantageous is that ultrasound is prone to artifacts, caused by the thinness of the structures examined.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Urine protein analysis with the sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in healthy cats and cats with kidney diseases].

In this investigation, the value of urine protein analysis by means of molecular-weight related sodium dodecyl-polyacryl gradient gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was examined with regard to its applicability and diagnostic significance in nephropathy in the cat. A total of 87 cats was included in the study, 30 of them that were clinically healthy served as the control group. The urine protein pattern of this group had, besides the band representing the market albumin, and additional broad band within the size of the marker transferrin. In some cases, weak bands were present within the range of the Tamm-Horsfall-protein and immunoglobulin G. Micromolecular protein bands were not demonstrable. The remaining 57 animals had a histologically proven nephropathy. Thirty-eight cats had elevated urea and/or creatinine values in the plasma (group 1), and 19 animals had values within the reference range (group 2). The urine protein pattern as evidenced by SDS-urine electrophoresis was altered in all cats with histologically proven nephropathy, and it is thus concluded that with this technique a nephropathy can be diagnosed very early and prior to changes of plasma urea and creatinine (group 2). Moreover, in most of the cases, the nephrological changes can be classified as glomerular or tubulo-interstitial (group 1 and group 2). However, it is not possible to draw exact conclusions concerning the underlying morphological changes, nor can the severity of the disease be correctly assessed.

Albuminuria↗

PubMed1997

[Cyclosporin A in aplastic anemia in dogs: first results].

Aplastic anemia in the dog is defined as a reduction of marrow activity comprising all three marrow cell lines or selectively of the erythropoiesis. In comparable cases in human medicine an immunogenic etiology is presumed, and a treatment with the immunosuppressant Cyclosporin A is initiated. There are no experiences with this kind of therapy in aplastic anemia of the dog. Four dogs, three with a hypoplasia of the erythropoietic cell line and one with panmyelophthisis, were treated orally for a period of several months with Cyclosporin A 5-10 mg/kg bodyweight bid. In all patients the plasma concentration of Cyclosporin was controlled in regular intervals. Depending on the plasma concentrations the dose was adapted in several cases. Cyclosporin levels between 200 and 600 ng/ml were considered desirable and their efficacy in the therapy of aplastic anemia was examined. In the patient with panmyelophthisis, therapy was not successful. In this case, a marrow intoxication was presumably responsible for the aplastic anemia and the dog was euthanized. In two of the remaining three cases, therapy with Cyclosporin A was successful; the last dog is still being treated with Cyclosporin A at this time.

Anemia, Aplastic↗

PubMed1997

[Leishmaniasis in dogs in Germany: epidemiological case analysis and alternatives to conventional causal therapy].

Between January 1993 and September 1995 Leishmania infections were detected in 236 dogs in Germany. Of the 132 epidemiologically evaluable dogs, 35 animals had travelled with their owners abroad in endemic areas and 97 dogs had been brought from these regions to Germany by animal lovers. As regards to the possible location of infection it has been registered that these dogs have been taken to countries of the Mediterranean Sea (Spain, France, Italy, Turkey) or to Portugal or had been imported from there. Therapeutic trials with allopurinol revealed that this drug administered at daily doses of 20 mg/kg bodyweight p.o. over weeks disposes of a sufficient therapeutic efficacy against canine leishmaniosis.

Allopurinol↗

PubMed1997

[Qualitative and quantitative kidney function testing in dogs using MAG3 clearance].

In the presented study 99mTc-MAG3 clearance measurements were undertaken in 14 dogs during renal scintigraphic examination. Of these dogs, 10 showed no renal impairment, the other 4 exhibited clinically manifested nephropathy. It was the aim of these examinations to determine if this type of clearance measurement that is routinely used in human medicine is suitable for diagnosis of canine nephropathy. An algorithm for the calculation of the MAG3-Clearance developed for humans was modified. The clearance measurement can be performed during the renal scintigraphic procedure without any difficulties. In the group of dogs with no renal impairment the clearance values ranged between 6.4 and 8.0 ml/min/kg, whereas in the group of patients exhibiting nephropathies the values ranged between 2.0 and 2.7 ml/min/kg. The suitability of the method for its use in dogs needs to be confirmed with higher patient numbers. In addition, further studies are necessary to precisely assess the correlation between measured clearance values and effective renal plasma flow in dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Importance of cytogenetic investigations in canine leukemias].

Like in man, in neoplastic haematopoietic diseases of the dog genetical changes can be detected cytogenetically. In this study, some cytogenetically characterized cases are presented and discussed against the background of comparable cases reported in the literature. In two out of three patients investigated, one or two extra copies of chromosome 1 were detected. Corresponding changes have also been described in two other cases in the literature.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Ultrasonography of the inner stifle joint in dogs with rupture of the cruciate ligaments].

This paper gives an overview of the sonographic possibilities to examine the canine stifle joint with rupture of the cruciate ligament. Sonographic examination was performed in 100 surgical patients because of a lesion of the joint. Ultrasound sections are presented with corresponding sonographical findings and pathological changes. For stifle joint, a linear transducer with 7.5 Mhz proved to be useful. Both the lateral and medial meniscus could be inspected, as well as injuries of the menisci. As an indirect sign to a lesion, effusions of the joint were demonstrable quite sensitively. The cruciate ligaments could not be investigated correctly with ultrasound. Ultrasonography is used to investigate the soft tissue structures as a completion of the radiological examination. The scanning diagnostic technique is practicable with a low technical expenditure, it is not stressful for the patient and can be repeated for therapy controls. Disadvantageous is that ultrasound is prone to artefacts, caused by the thinness of the structures examined.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Effects of low doses of prostaglandin F2 alpha during the early luteal phase before and after implantation in beagle bitches.

Three groups of five beagle bitches were treated three times a day with natural prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) at a dosage of either 20 micrograms kg-1 bodyweight (days 5-8 of metoestrus), 50 micrograms kg-1 bodyweight (days 5-11 of metoestrus) or 20 micrograms kg-1 bodyweight after detection of pregnancy (days 20-21 after ovulation) for 7 days. A dose of 20 micrograms PGF2 alpha kg-1 bodyweight administered during the early luteal stage could not induce a reliable decrease of progesterone concentrations, while injections of 50 micrograms PGF2 alpha kg-1 bodyweight beginning before implantation resulted in arrest of luteal progesterone production and prevention of nidation in all five bitches. The application of 20 micrograms PGF2 alpha kg-1 bodyweight shortly after implantation induced functional arrest of corpora lutea and led to embryonic or fetal resorption in all cases. In general, the luteolytic effect of low PGF2 alpha doses was insufficient because of the recovery of the corpora lutea seen in nearly all bitches and the prolonged process of embryonic or fetal resorption that increase the risk of uterine disease.

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMed1997

[Keratometry in dogs: two automatic hand-held keratometers compared].

In human medicine keratometric examinations are an essential tool for the determination of ocular refraction preceeding cataract operations. In dogs the use of manual keratometric methods is not feasible due to the lack of active cooperation. It is therefore necessary to apply autokeratometers which are also utilized in human pediatric patients. In this investigations we compared two portable automated keratometers in respect to their applicability in dogs. 40 dogs, comprising eight clinic beagles and 32 patient-dogs of various breeds were examined awake and under anesthesia using both hand-held keratometers. The horizontal and vertical corneal radius was measured consecutively by one investigator in all dogs and assessed statistically (standard deviation, analysis of regression and Student t-test). Both instruments yielded comparable results in all dogs. Furthermore, they were both tolerated well as they ensure a both rapid and minimal stress-inducing method of keratometry in dogs.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed1996

Clinical comparison of medetomidine with xylazine/l-methadone in dogs.

Seventy-two healthy dogs required sedation and analgesia for a variety of procedures causing discomfort or pain. They were treated either with the alpha 2-agonist medetomidine at 40 micrograms/kg (15 intravenously and 17 intramuscularly), or 80 micrograms/kg (15 intravenously and 15 intramuscularly) or with xylazine plus l-methadone (1.0 mg)(10 intravenously). The levels of sedation, analgesia and safety were compared clinically and by measurements of the effects on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood gases, body temperature, haematology and clinical chemistry. Sedation was achieved reliably with both medetomidine and xylazine plus l-methadone but its onset, depth and duration were influenced by the dose and route of administration. In the medetomidine-treated dogs, intravenous administration resulted in more rapid sedation and the effects of the higher dose were deeper and longer lasting. The small dogs receiving 40 micrograms/kg may have been underdosed. The initial analgesic effects in response to a pin prick to the body surface were sufficient and similar for both drugs, except for the intramuscular dose of 40 micrograms/kg medetomidine. Analgesia for the clinical procedures was less reliable with medetomidine and was not always adequate even at the high dose, but xylazine plus l-methadone assured analgesia in almost every case. Medetomidine resulted in marked bradycardia, lasting as long as the sedation and the ECG revealed a sinus arrhythmia with sinoatrial and atrioventricular blocks grade I and II as a sign of interference with transduction. The bradycardia with xylazine plus l-methadone was less pronounced. A decrease in respiratory rate accompanying sedation had no influence on blood gases and blood acidity in the dogs treated with medetomidine but caused a respiratory acidosis with xylazine plus l-methadone. Body temperature decreased with all treatments for the duration of the period of sedation. Blood glucose concentration increased to a similar extent in all treatment groups, but all other haematological and clinicochemical variables remained unchanged. Treatment with the specific alpha 2 antagonist, atipamezole, reversed the sedation and cardiovascular and pulmonary effects due to medetomidine within minutes.

Analgesics↗

PubMed1996

Trisomy 18 in a canine thyroid adenoma.

A canine thyroid adenoma showing trisomy 18 as the sole clonal cytogenetic abnormality (9 of 30 analyzed metaphases) is reported. Because trisomies are a recurrent cytogenetic finding in human benign thyroid tumors as well, it is suggested that the molecular relationship between these trisomies and the development of thyroid tumors can be determined by comparative gene mapping.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1996

Influence of sample predilution on the sensitivity of prothrombin time in feline plasma.

The prothrombin time (PT) is measured in feline plasma usually by means of a method that has been optimized for measurements in human plasma (standard test). In the present study the sensitivity of this test was investigated in comparison to a modified PT using a human placental thromboplastin. In the modified test, 100 microliter sample predilution (1:5, 1:10, and 1:20) were incubated with 100 microliter of a human fibrinogen solution (2 g/l) until 100 microliter Ca-thromboplastin was added. When measured in 31 samples with a reduced, and 22 samples with an increased activity of the coagulation factors II, V, VII and/or X the modified test showed an increased sensitivity as well as a correlation between PT and the changes in single factor activity which was distinctly closer compared to the standard test. The highest sensitivity was produced by a 1:10 or 1:20 sample dilution. A test procedure modified in this way, is thus, a more reliable screening test for the extrinsic system in cats and should be used for routine diagnostics.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

An extended nomenclature of the canine karyotype.

In contrast to many other animals, knowledge about the canine karyotype is quite sparse. This is due in part to the rather difficult canine karyotypic pattern. Except for the X and the Y chromosome, there are only acrocentric chromosomes, which appear to be quite small and difficult to identify unambiguously. In previous reports, schematic representations of the canine karyotype have been described. However, a nomenclature comparable to that of the human karyotype or the karyotypes of sheep, cattle, or goats does not yet exist for the dog. Based on high-resolution banding of metaphase chromosomes from canine fibroblasts, we propose an ideogram of the canine karyotype with 460 numbered bands and characteristic landmarks. In addition, the centromere positions of the canine chromosomes are determined by a combined GTG-banding/FISH approach, and the R- and G-banding patterns are compared.

Animals↗