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Biomedical subjects

I Nolte

Publications and source records attributed to I Nolte.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Possibilities of flow cytometric analysis for immunophenotypic characterization of canine lymphoma.

The purpose of the study presented here is to show the possibilities of flow cytometric analysis for immunophenotypic characterization of canine malignant lymphoma. Aspiration biopsies from lymph nodes of 30 dogs with multicentric lymphoma were stained by four dog-specific antibodies and three human-specific antibodies cross-reacting with canine lymphocytes, and analysed by flow cytometry. Twenty of the 30 lymphoma examined were characterized as B-cell-lymphoma and 10 as T-cell-lymphoma. Flow cytometry is a suitable method for the immunophenotypic analysis of canine lymphoma. Contrary to immunohistochemistry, no surgically produced lymph node biopsy is required and the results are available within a few hours.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on leukocyte count and survival rate of dogs with parvoviral enteritis.

Dogs with clinical signs consistent with parvoviral enteritis and leukopenia (total leukocyte count < 5.0 x 10(9) l(-1)) were included in this randomised double-blind study (treatment group: n = 22; control group: n = 21). The dogs in the treatment group received a subcutaneous daily injection of 10 microg kg(-1) of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for 5 days. Clinical and blood investigations were performed prior to the first injection, daily during the treatment period and on the day after treatment ended, and then once more, 26 days after the first injection. During the study, no significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to survival rate (treatment group: 68 per cent; control group: 71 per cent, P > 0 4, Fisher-Test) and other clinical findings. Similarly the total leukocyte count, neutrophil count and other haematologic and biochemical parameters did not differ significantly between the groups, based on differences from initial values (P > 0 05). Consequently, the use of rhG-CSF in the treatment of dogs with parvoviral enteritis cannot be recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The canine ERBB2 gene maps to a chromosome region frequently affected by aberrations in tumors of the dog (Canis familiaris).

The dog offers an increasingly important model for several human diseases, including cancer. Accordingly, the results of canine gene mapping studies will be of considerable significance. Herein, we have addressed the mapping of the canine gene ERBB2 (alias HER2, NEU). ERBB2 is a protooncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor protein, the overexpression of which correlates with a more rapid progression and a worse prognosis in breast cancer. In addition, it apparently plays a role in the development of other tumors as well. By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we have mapped the canine ERBB2 to 1q13.1. Cytogenetic studies of canine tumors revealed that this region is very often affected by clonal chromosome aberrations in tumors of the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

In vitro efficacy of chemotherapeutics as determined by 50% inhibitory concentrations in cell cultures of mammary gland tumors obtained from dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC-50) of carboplatin, cisplatin, and doxorubicin in cell cultures of mammary gland tumors obtained from dogs and to assess whether in vitro efficacy was within the range of clinically relevant concentrations, SAMPLE POPULATION: 30 mammary gland tumors excised from dogs. PROCEDURE: Cell cultures were established from the 30 tumors. Cultures then were treated with carboplatin, cisplatin, or doxorubicin. Growth inhibition of cultures was assessed via DNA measurement 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. The IC-50 values were calculated by use of linear interpolation. RESULTS: Cultures varied in their pattern of susceptibility. Doxorubicin induced significantly lower IC-50 values than the platinum derivatives. Cisplatin and carboplatin had comparable effects. The IC-50 values for carboplatin and doxorubicin were in the range of clinically relevant concentrations, but only part of the cisplatin cultures had IC-50 values within clinically relevant concentrations. We did not detect differences in the in vitro susceptibility among subtypes of tumors (ie, adenocarcinoma, solid carcinoma, malignant mixed tumor). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The IC-50 values determined in this study allowed assessment of in vitro drug efficacy of chemotherapeutics in cultures of mammary gland tumors obtained from dogs. Variations in susceptibility were evident and emphasize the importance of assessing susceptibility and resistance patterns for each tumor. Prospective studies to assess direct correlations between in vitro and in vivo efficacy must be performed to determine the clinical predictive value of this in vitro chemosensitivity assay for treatment of dogs with mammary gland tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Pathological femoral fracture due to rhabdomyosarcoma in a cat.

An eight-year-old neutered male domestic shorthaired cat was presented with non-weightbearing lameness of the right hindlimb. On radiography, a pathological, metaphyseal femoral fracture was apparent, with areas of bony lysis directly surrounding the fracture site. The cat underwent amputation of the limb. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of a tumour of mesenchymal cells with cytoplasm-containing vacuoles which stained positive with the periodic acid-schiff reaction, indicative of glycogen granules that may be found in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. In addition, the tumour cells stained positive for vimentin and desmin on immunohistochemical examination, thus confirming the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. In spite of the radical surgery performed, the cat was euthanased due to a recurrence at the amputation site four and a half months later.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed2000

[Diseases with relevance to protection of animals with an example of the musculoskeletal system of dogs].

Protection of animals needs major concern in breeding programmes especially if inherited diseases occur which cause pain, suffering and/or damages for the animals. Dogs breeders and people keeping dogs as well as veterinarians should be informed about the etiology on sequels of diseases which cause pain to the animals and from which the animals have to be protected in order to make them more conscious on these problems and to achieve changes in dog breeding programmes. The information system "Inherited Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System of Dogs" should display the already published knowledge about etiology, pathogenesis, appearance, therapy and genetics of these diseases. This information system was built up in such a way that it can be used by students as a learning programme to understand the basic relationships among animal protection, diseases, and dog breeding. The user is also supplied with support for breeding decisions as well as for interpretation of breeding values and genotype probabilities. Additionally, information can be obtained on all in the German Association for Dog Breeding (VDH) represented breeds and breeding clubs. Actions to reduce genetically caused diseases required for members of dog breeding clubs are also available. The information system ist programmed by using HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). Publication is possible on CD-ROM and on Internet. The supplied hyperlinks allow to make use of other publications on the world wide web related to dog and diseases of dogs.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2000

[Possibilities and uses of flow cytometry in the framework of clinical diagnostics in dogs and cats].

Flow cytometry has become a routine method in human medicine in the last years. Important applications in clinical diagnostics are measurement of DNA-content, cell cycle analysis, immunophenotyping of lymphocytes and cell function measurements. Flow cytometry is at present rarely applied in veterinary medicine. This article reviews basic principles of flow cytometry and demonstrates possibilities of flow cytometric analysis in oncology and diagnostics of anaemia and immunodeficiency in dogs and cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Involvement of reactive oxygen species in TNF-alpha mediated activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in canine dermal fibroblasts.

The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a major role in inflammatory and immune-pathological reactions of the skin. With respect to a possible therapeutic modulation of TNF-alpha mediated activation of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in canine cutaneous inflammation, we investigated the role of NF-kappaB and the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the TNF-alpha signalling pathway in dermal fibroblasts of the dog. TNF-alpha treatment resulted in the activation of NF-kappaB as assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Additionally, NF-kappaB translocation was induced with butylhydroperoxide and antimycin A, but not with hydrogen peroxide. TNF-alpha stimulated NF-kappaB activation was partially inhibited by preincubation with the antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid and butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA). No superoxide generation following TNF-alpha stimulation could be detected in the supernatant of canine fibroblasts with the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction test. In contrast, production of TNF-alpha dependent intracellular hydrogen peroxide, the dismutation product of the superoxide radical, was demonstrated spectroscopically by formation of electron dense cerium-hydroperoxide precipitates. With electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) significant cerium deposits were detected in the mitochondria, the endoplasmatic reticulum, the cytosol and to a lesser extent on the plasma membrane of canine fibroblasts indicating multiple hydrogen peroxide production sites. Peroxides, therefore, possibly play an important part in the redox-sensitive pathway of TNF-alpha dependent NF-kappaB activation in canine skin. An adjunctive therapy with appropriate antioxidants modulating NF-kappaB overactivation in cutaneous inflammation in the dog is promising.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cytogenetic investigation of canine lipomas.

Akin to humans, lipomas are common in the dog as well; however, until now there were no reports of cytogenetic investigations on these tumors in the canine. We report our results of cytogenetic investigations on a series of ten canine lipomas. Clonal aberrations were observed in seven cases. In one case a trisomy 27 was evident; in another case a trisomy 13 was present in addition to a marker chromosome. A third lipoma showed a fusion of chromosomes 2 and 13. These cases showed one derivative chromosome each (der(X), der(7), and der(4)), and one case had two derivative chromosomes (der(X) plus der(4)). In the two cases with derivative chromosomes 4, the same region (4q31) was affected. It is tempting to speculate that this region might harbor a gene associated with tumor development. The results are compared to the cytogenetic situation in human lipomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cytogenetic analysis of three oropharyngeal malignant melanomas in dogs.

Three cases of histologically confirmed oropharyngeal malignant melanomas in dogs are presented including clinical examinations and cytogenetic analysis. Case one showed a hyperdiploid karyotype. Case two, a recurrent tumour, had a highly hypodiploid karyotype with supernumerary meta- and submetacentric chromosomes in all metaphases analysed. In the third case, a clonal fusion of chromosome 1 and 25 was observed. Comparing these results with another case of canine cutaneous melanoma as well as with human malignant melanomas reported in the literature, these tumours obviously often show cytogenetic aberrations like aneuploidy and centric fusions.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Rapid and sensitive detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies against canine distemper virus by a new recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Canine distemper morbillivirus (CDV) infection causes a frequently fatal systemic disease in a broad range of carnivore species, including domestic dogs. In CDV infection, classical serology provides data of diagnostic and prognostic values (kinetics of seroconversion) and is also used to predict the optimal vaccination age of pups. Routine CDV serology is still based on time- and cost-intensive virus neutralization assays (V-NA). Here, we describe a new capture-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses recombinant baculovirus-expressed nucleocapsid (N) protein of a recent CDV wild-type isolate (2544/Han95) for the detection of CDV-specific antibodies in canine sera. Recombinant antigen was produced with high efficacy in Heliothis virescens larvae. The capture-sandwich ELISA enabled a clear-cut qualitative evaluation of the CDV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM serostatuses of 196 and 35 dog sera, respectively. Inter-rater agreement analysis (kappa = 0.988) indicated that the ELISA can be used unrestrictedly as a substitute for the V-NA for the qualitative determination of CDV-specific IgG serostatus. In an attempt to semiquantify N-specific antibodies, a one-step-dilution (alpha method) IgG-specific ELISA was implemented. Alpha values of >/=50% showed very good inter-rater agreement (kappa = 0.968) with V-NA titers of >/=1/100 50% neutralizing dose (ND50) as measured against the central European CDV wild-type isolate 2544/Han95 in canine sera originating from northern Germany. An ND50 titer of 1/100 is considered a threshold, and titers of >/=1/100 indicate a resilient, protective immunity. CDV N-specific antibodies of the IgM class were detected by the newly developed ELISA in 9 of 15 sera obtained from dogs with symptoms of acute distemper. In leucocytes of 5 of the 15 dogs (all of which were also IgM positive) CDV RNA was detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The recombinant capture-sandwich ELISA detecting N-specific antibodies of the IgG class provided superior sensitivity and specificity and thus represents a rapid and cost-effective alternative to classical CDV V-NA. By detection of specific IgM antibodies, the ELISA will be complementary to RT-PCR and V-NA in the diagnosis of acute distemper infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Application and possibilities of digital radiography demonstrated on a skull radiograph].

The application of digital radiography has not been used widely in veterinary medicine. This paper gives an overview of the possibilities in post processing of digital radiographs for imaging a nasal fracture on a right lateral skull radiograph of a two years old German Shepherd. The following algorithms of the digital ADC (Agfa Diagnostic Center)--system were used: edge-contrast, latitude reduction, noise reduction, window-levelling and MUSI-contrast (MUlti Scale Image Contrast). MUSI-contrast is a recently developed algorithm by Agfa, which improves the recognition of fine details in all scales. These parameters will be explained individually and the use is demonstrated with the skull radiographs. It shows that only a coordinate parameter setting will lead to an optimal image. The option of filtering diagnostic information in using digital post processing represents a clear step forward and reduces the number of repeat shots.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Trisomy 1 in a canine acute leukemia indicating the pathogenetic importance of polysomy 1 in leukemias of the dog.

We report on a canine acute myeloid leukemia showing a trisomy 1 and a t(X;8) as clonal cytogenetic abnormalities. Comparing these results with similar cases of canine leukemias reported in the literature, one realizes that trisomy 1 is a recurrent cytogenetic finding in canine acute leukemia. Trisomy 1 may be a specific anomaly associated with either etiology or progression of this disease. As with comparable human neoplasms, cytogenetic investigations could be of diagnostic and prognostic significance for canine hematopoietic diseases. Moreover, as trisomies are recurrent cytogenetic findings in human leukemias, as well, comparative gene mapping in future studies may help to focus the etiologic basis of the disease to particular chromosomal segments instead of whole chromosomes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Changes in hemostasis of dogs with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

Twelve dogs suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were investigated concerning the following tests: platelet count, prothrombin time (PT, standard test, modified test), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), activity of the individual coagulation factors II, V, VII, X, VIII:C, IX, XI, XII, prekallikrein, and high-molecular weight kininogen, the activity of antithrombin III (AT III), protein C, plasminogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin as well as concentration of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin and fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP). All patients showed a decreased platelet count due to suppression of megakaryopoesis by infiltration of the bone marrow with leukaemic cells. In addition, in most of the patients a moderate activity decrease of one or more individual coagulation factors has been found, especially regarding factor II (median, x0.50 = 51%, p = 0.0001), but also factors X (x0.50 = 71%, p = 0.0003) and XI (x0.50 = 68%, p = 0.0006). This was reflected by the APTT and the PT activity (modified test), which were prolonged or decreased, respectively, in the majority of the cases. Furthermore, the activity of AT III and of plasminogen was distinctly diminished (p < 0.001). Like the concentration of FDP, the plasma level of soluble fibrin was significantly higher than in normal dogs (p < 0.001). This indicates that besides thrombocytopenia disseminated intravascular coagulation occurs frequently in dogs with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and is a main cause for the decreased activity of several plasmatic components of the haemostatic system. The lack of correlation between the concentration of soluble fibrin as an indicator of intravascular coagulation and the total blast cell count (rS = 0.011) shows the importance of other factors like degree of cell lysis as well as participation of organs such as the liver for generation of consumption coagulopathy in dogs with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Angiotensins↗
PubMed1998

[Alterations of hemostasis in liver cirrhosis of the dog].

In seven dogs with histologically proven liver cirrhosis the activity of the single coagulation factors with the exception of factor VIII:C, of the inhibitors antithrombin III and protein C as well as plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin was distinctly lower than in the control group (p < 0.0001). The changes of the factors VII [median (x0.50) = 17 %] and X (x0.50 = 18 %) as well as of protein C (x0.50 = 15 %) were particularly pronounced. Diminution of activity certainly exceeded also in nearly all of the remaining haemostatic proteins the decrease of albumin concentration. Besides the shorter half life time, this reflected an increased consumption in consequence of intravascular coagulations and fibrinolysis. The latter could also be seen from the significantly increased concentrations of soluble fibrin and fibrin(ogen) degradation products. Therefore, the alterations of the haemostatic system measured in dogs in many details were in accordance with findings in human beings suffering from liver cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Digital and analog radiographic techniques in the case of thoracic diagnosis].

Up to now digital luminescens radiography has not been used widely in veterinary medicine. This paper gives an overview of the first experiences with the application of the digital ADC-System (Agfa Diagnostic Center) for imaging pulmonary nodules and other lung diseases in dogs in comparison to the conventional method. For this, we used radiographs of dogs of several weight groups with lung diseases. To compare both systems (conventional and digital) we took pictures with either method in the same positioning. Compared to the analog film screen system, the phosphor storage radiographs enhance the detection of fine details. Additionally, the digital technology gives an opportunity for post-processing of image data in order to optimize the discrimination of various image details and offers a wide latitude for exposure, which means less retakes and a wider range for dose selection. The advantage of digital filing stations is on the one hand the possibility of space saving and storage unlimited by time, on the other hand it offers the possibility to recover X ray pictures in very short time.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[The effect of anesthesia on kidney scintigraphy in the dog].

Renal scintigraphy is one of the diagnostic devices in the upper urinary tract. In 24 dogs of different age, sex and breed that--according to the usual laboratory tests--were considered healthy with respect to renal function, a renal scintigraphy with the tubular excreted tracer 99mTc-MAG3 was performed. The dogs were grouped according to three different anaesthetic regimens in order to estimate the influence of anaesthesia--which is necessary for this investigation--onto function of the normal kidney. Eight dogs were scintigraphed twice using different anaesthesia protocols. In group A (n = 22), anaesthesia was performed with a combination of atropine/diazepam/ketamine/xylazine. The reference range determined was for the period of maximal activity accumulation (Tmax) 3.2 +/- 0.8 min and for the elimination half-time (Tmax/2) 6.3 +/- 1.4 min. MAG3-clearance was 7.5 +/- 1.8 ml/min/kg. Group B (n = 5) received thiopental as a continuous intravenous infusion. Tmax was measured with 2.9 +/- 1.1 min, Tmax/2 with 4.7 +/- 1.2 min and the MAG3-clearance was 6.8 +/- 1.6 ml/min/kg. In group C (n = 5), the dogs were given propofol and halothane, and the values determined for Tmax and Tmax/2 were 4.8 +/- 2.7 and 4.8 +/- 1.4 min, respectively. The MAG3-clearance was 10.0 +/- 2.3 ml/min/kg. It is concluded that the anaesthetic regime used has a distinct influence on the reference values.

Anesthesia↗