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Biomedical subjects

I Honjo

Publications and source records attributed to I Honjo.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Adaptive increase of respiratory enzymes in jaundiced patients.

A biochemical analysis of mitochondrial metabolism was made on biopsy specimens of fifteen jaundiced patients. In all but three jaundiced patients the phosphorylative activity based on mitochondrial protein was within normal limits or higher. In nine jaundiced patients the concentrations of cytochrome a(+a3), as representative of respiratory enzymes, increased to more than 1.0 x 10(-10) moles/mg protein, as compared with 0.81 of normal mitochondria, and the relative concentrations of cytochromes, flavoproteins and pyridine nucleotides in relation to cytochrome a(+a3) level remained unchanged. In such patients the phosphorylative activity per unit of cytochrome a(+a3) decreased to approximately 50 per cent of controls, whereas it was within normal limits or greater in jaundiced patients with cytochrome a(+a3) less than 1.0 x 10(-10) moles/mg protein. It is suggested that respiratory enzyme concentrations increase to compensate for the inhibited phosphorylative activity of respiratory assemblies and to maintain the energy balance in the liver in jaundiced patients.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Insulin requirements for hepatic regeneration following hepatectomy.

On the basis of changes in the adenine nucleotide the mitochondrial metabolism of the remnant liver, insulin requirements for hepatic regeneration were studied in diabetic rats treated with varying amounts of alloxan. Mildly diabetic rats with less than 30% inhibition in maximal portal insulin response to oral glucose load, showed a parabolic glucose tolerance pattern and could tolerate partial hepatectomy. Whereas, severely diabetic rats with more than 45% inhibition showed a linear glucose tolerance pattern and died within 24 hours after partial hepatectomy. In the former rats, the energy charge (ATP + 1/2ADP/ATP + ADP + AMP) levels of the remnant liver decrease slightly at an early period after partial hepatectomy but could be restored rapidly to normal levels with a concomitant rise of oxidative phosphorylation in remnant liver mitochondria. In contrast, the energy charge levels in the latter groups fell more markedly and could not be restored, because of insufficient enhancement of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It is suggested that an enhancement in mitochondrial phosphorylative activity of the remnant liver following partial hepatectomy is inhibited in proportion to the severity of impaired insulin secretion, resulting in a decrease of the potential functional capacity of liver.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1977

Surgical treatment of cancer of the pancreas and the periampullary region: cumulative results in 57 institutions in Japan.

In this study the experiences with carcinomas of the pancreas, ampulla of Vater, terminal comma bile duct, and duodenum found in a series of 3,610 patients collected from 57 major Japanese institutions was compiled over a 26 year period. The results were analyzed as to the success of resectional and palliative surgery for the various lesions. The most common lesion was carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Unifortunately, only 18.3% of these patients were resectable with a 25.3% mortality. Carcinoma of the body and the tail was the second most frequent lesion, and it also exhibited a low resection rate. Carcinomas of the ampulla and the terminal common bile duct and duodenal regions were the most favorable for resection; usually pancreatoduodenectomy with an overall mortality of 20.8%. As a result of the large number of pancreatectomies performed, there was also a large number of postoperative complications, the most frequent being leakage at an anastomotic line. Hemorrhage also occurred frequently. Distal pancreatectomies were reserved for carcinoma of the body and the tail of the pancreas, and the most common postoperative complication of this procedure was hemorrhage. There were only 45 total pancreatectomies among the 973 resections being performed most frequently in patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Again, the most frequent postoperative complication was hemorrhage, followed by anastomotic leakage. The long term survivals following resection for these lesions were each poor. The best mean survival time was 22.7 months for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Patients having resections for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas had a mean survival time of 12.3 months. At 5 years there were few survivors and most of them were patients who had undergone resections for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1977

Changes of upper gastrointestinal blood flow after hemorrhage in rabbits.

The effect of hemorrhage and blood transfusion on the regional blood flow of the upper gastrointestinal tract was measured with radioactive microspheres in a rabbit shock model. Fifteen minutes after hemorrhage, mucosal blood flow in the esophagus, corpus, and antrum and total blood flow in the duodenum decreased drastically. The persistent reduction of mucosal blood flow continued until 60 minutes after hemorrhage. In spite of these distribution patterns of mucosal blood flow during hemorrhage, no macroscopic change was seen in any part of the gastrointestinal mucosa. One hour after blood reinfusion, the mucosal blood flow in the corpus was increased markedly, and innumerable hemorrhagic erosions appeared in this region. It may be that the striking increase of mucosal blood flow due to blood transfusion caused bleeding from the disrupted mucosa of the corpus. At this time the impaired flow in the esophagus, antrum, and duodenum tended to be improved already. Six hours after blood reinfusion, the bleeding from the mucosal foci in the corpus ceased and the mucosal blood flow returned to almost normal. Thus the higher susceptibility of the corpus to hemorrhagic shock may be due to the greater degree of rapid increase of mucosal blood flow occurring in this portion alone after blood transfusion as well as to its higher vulnerability to ischemia in the hemorrhagic period. The flow patterns in the muscular layer almost paralleled those in the mucosal layer during hemorrhage and blood transfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Role of the levator veli palatini muscle in movement of the lateral pharyngeal wall.

In order to examine both the site and the muscle responsible for inward movement of the lateral pharyngeal wall, the following 3 observations were made. 1. Radiographic observation of the lateral wall by pasting a lead marker to the torus tubarius. 2. Cinematographic analysis of the lateral wall movement in relation to the velar elevation. 3. Anatomical observation of the levator muscle and the torus. Our conclusion was that the lateral wall movement was an inward displacement of the torus tubarius caused by contraction of the levator veli palatini muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A direct method for the estimation of ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity in serum.

Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) activity was estimated by determining the amount of citrulline produced. The citrulline was colorimetrically measured by using a diacetylmonoxime-thiosemicarbazide reaction without deproteinization. The color complex which had the maximum absorbance at 515 nm was stable at room temperature in daylight for at least several hours. The proposed method was superior to other methods already reported in sensitivity, stability and simplicity.

Citrulline↗
PubMed1976

Resectability and regeneration of liver in postsinusoidal block.

To study resectability and regeneration of cirrhotic liver, hemodynamic changes following partial hepatectomy were observed in dogs with presinusoidal block caused by ligation of the portal vein or with postsinusoidal block caused by ligation of the hepatic veins after portacaval anastomosis, since cirrhosis of the liver in man is mainly of postsinusoidal block occasionally accompanied by presinusoidal block. With a presinusoidal block, resection of 50 per cent liver was tolerated well, but with postsinusoidal block only less than 30 per cent could be resected. Thus the functional reserve of the liver with postsinusoidal block seems to be much less than that of presinusoidal block. After major hepatic resection the weight of the remnant liver with a dual blood supply increased markedly, while with a postsinusoidal block it increased slightly and with a presinusoidal block there was no change. Histometric studies showed that regeneration was prominent in the remnant liver with a dual blood supply, slight with a postsinusoidal block, and even less with a presinusoidal block. Thus, the liver with a postsinusoidal block possesses more extensive regenerative capacity but shows much lower resectability than with a presinusoidal block. Therefore, the resectability of the liver associated with cirrhosis seems to be more closely related to its functional reserve capacity than to its regenerative capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Significance of glucose tolerance as prognostic sign in hepatectomized patients.

Glucose tolerance was determined in fourteen patients with cancer of the liver. The patients with parabolic GTT patterns fared relatively better than did those with linear GTT patterns. In the patients with successful extended right hepatectomy, gradually increasing and long-standing hyperglycemia (linear GTT pattern) in response to an oral glucose load was not observed after hepatectomy and the insulin response was significantly greater than that in controls. However, in the patient with unsuccessful extended right hepatectomy, the linear GTT pattern continued for a more prolonged period after hepatectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Changes in carbohydrate metabolism and endocrine function of remnant pancreas after major pancreatic resection.

Changes of glucose tolerance after partial pancreatectomy were divided into three types depending on the extent of resection. When 88 per cent or more of the pancreas was resected, hyperglycemia developed immediately, and when 70 to 88 per cent of the pancreas was resected, diabetes occurred after six weeks or more, but diabetes did not develop at all when less than 70 per cent of the pancreas was removed. The secretion of glucagon was maintained well, but that of insulin was easily impaired after resection of 70 per cent or more of the entire pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of hepatoma chemotherapy by alpha-fetoprotein determination.

Effects of chemotherapy on twenty-nine histologically proved and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) -positive hepatomas were evaluated by changes in serum AFP levels according to the criteria of our previous report. By transfemoral local infusion of mitomycin C, six of eight patients showed more than 50 per cent decrease of AFP levels and regression of the tumor, and the others showed fair effects. By single shot infusion, 50 per cent decrease of serum AFP levels and tumor regression were noted only in three of thirteen patients, and chemotherapy by systemic infusion in eight patients was much less effective. As evaluated by AFP levels, histologically well or moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas responded better to chemotherapy than poorly differentiated ones.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Changes in mitochondrial phosphorylative activity and adenylate energy charge of regenerating rabbit liver.

The changes in the cellular concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP and in oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria were investigated in the remaining liver of partially hepatectomized rabbits. The energy charge (defined as half of the average number of anhydride-bonded phosphate groups per adenosine moiety) of the liver remnant decreased from 0.866 to 0.767 (p less than 0.01) within 24 hr after hepatectomy, and then increased to a substantially higher level than normal within 7 days. On the other hand, the mitochondrial phosphyorylative activity increased rapidly to 170 per cent of the control within 12 hr and then retruned to normal within 7 days. The mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was inversely correlated with energy charge of the liver remnant (r = -0.75, p less less than 0.01). The maximal enhancement of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was found in mitochondria obtained from the liver remnant with the lowest level of energy charge, suggesting a response of mitochondria in vivo involving enhanced biosynthetic ATP-utilizing reactions at an early stage of the regenerating process. The enhancement of phosphorylative activity was accompanied by a rise in the respiratory control ratio, P/O ratio and state 3 respiration. The adenylate kinase [EC 2.7.4.3] activity in the liver remnant increased to more than 160% of the control within 2 days after partial hepatectomy, while the pyruvate kinase [EC 2.7.1.40] activity decreased remarkably. However, the changes in the two enzyme activities did not correlate with those of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity or the energy charge of the liver remnant.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1976

Effect of 4-methylumbelliferone on the oxidative metabolism of liver mitochondria in jaundiced rats and its relationship of choleretic action.

The effect of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) on the oxidative metabolism of liver mitochondria and its relationship to choleretic action were investigated on 40 bile duct-ligated rats and 40 rats after biliary decompression. The oxidative metabolism of liver mitochondria fell rapidly to 50% of controls within 7 days after bile duct-ligation, whereas that in rats with 4-MU fell only slightly. Such effect of 4-MU on the liver mitochondrial metabolism was most prominent when it was administered to rats after biliary decompression. In rats with 4-MU the depressed oxidative metabolism of cholestatic liver mitochondria recovered rapidly toward normal with accelerated amelioration of serum total bilirubin as compared to that in rats without 4-MU after biliary decompression by loosening of the ligation of the common bile duct. Thus, 4-MU appeared to exert some stimulation or amelioration of the impaired liver mitochondrial metabolism due to jaundice, which may have a close relationship to its choleretic action or effective bile excretory action.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Changes in adenylate energy charge of the liver after an oral glucose load.

Changes in the adenine nucleotide metabolism after an oral glucose load were studied in the liver of normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. Changes in the energy charge were positively correlated with those in the blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin levels. One hour after an oral glucose load when the plasma immunoreactive insulin levels increased maximally, the energy charge increased maximally from 0.846 to 0.867 (P less than 0.001). The increase in the energy charge was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the ADP levels (P less than 0.05). The respiratory control ration, state 3 respiration per unit of cytochrome a (+a3), and DNP-induced ATPase activity per unit of cytochrome a (+a3) increased significantly. The adenylate kinase and pyruvate kinase activities in the liver remained unchanged. On the other hand, the energy charge in the liver of alloxan-diabetic rats did not increase significantly after an oral glucose load. It was suggested that an increase in the energy charge of the liver is attributable to the more rapid flux of intermediary metabolism in the enhanced ADP-phosphorylating reactions by mitochondria, owing to an elevated level of insulin available to the hepatic cells.

Adenine Nucleotides↗