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Biomedical subjects

I D Mandel

Publications and source records attributed to I D Mandel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A contemporary view of salivary research.

The past 50 years of salivary research has been marked by a series of changing perceptions as new techniques and technologies have illuminated the complexities of the secretory mechanism, salivary composition, and function. The modern era began with the innovations of electrophoresis, chromatography, histochemistry, immunochemistry, electron microscopy, and microphysiology. The idea of saliva as primarily a digestive fluid composed of salts, amylase, and mucin was rapidly broadened to encompass a wide spectrum of protective proteins with the dual responsibility of protecting both hard and soft tissues. Characterization of the secretory IgA and nonimmunological antibacterial systems and the proteins responsible for the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels dominated the research in the 1960s and 1970s. An appreciation of the nature, formation, and role of the salivary pellicle and the interplay between bacterial adherence and agglutination provided a clinical thrust. Morphologists and physiologists redefined the secretory process on a molecular level. The 1980s saw the union of structure and function, both in terms of synthesis and release of the secretory products and their specific roles in the oral cavity in health and disease. The excitement of the 1990s is in the genetic control of processes and products, elucidating the mechanisms, and using the information to improve on nature: an era of great expectations and hubris. This article is essentially a personal guided tour through the past 50 years of salivary research.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Salivary diagnosis: more than a lick and a promise.

There is a growing appreciation for the use of oral fluid as an easily collected, non-invasive diagnostic medium in a variety of disease states and clinical situations. Dental applications include differential diagnosis of salivary gland disease, caries and periodontal disease activity and susceptibility tests, Candida monitoring and testing for HIV and hepatitis.

Diagnosis, Oral↗
PubMed1993

The plaque fighters: choosing a weapon.

In recent years new head shapes and angles, bristle lengths and designs, have flooded the toothbrush market. Are these truly innovations or just gimmicks? Several comparative studies are reviewed.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1993

Clinical research-the silent partner in dental practice.

For 5,000 years innovative researchers, often anonymously, have been providing dentists and their antecedents with a rich inheritance of information, techniques, and materials. The giants of dental research of the past can still serve as role models today. This paper presents a history of clinical research and relates past work to current and future trends. In the last few decades, both technical innovation and oral biology and prevention have been progressing at an accelerated rate to provide a steady influx of new answers to dental practitioners and to elicit new questions from the next generation of dental investigators.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1993

Caries prevention--a continuing need.

The frequently iterated, optimistic view of the demise of caries is not supported by the epidemiologic data. What is in evidence is a changing pattern of caries in developed countries. Among the young there is a polarisation in prevalence with 20 per cent of the children experiencing 70 per cent of the decay. The ageing population is at increasing risk because of longer tooth retention and exposure of root surfaces. A realistic view would envision control rather than extinction of caries with enhancement of current methods of combating tooth decay and more effective employment of multiple anticaries strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Longitudinal study of parotid saliva in HIV-1 infection.

Parotid flow rate and chemistry of 78 HIV + gay/bisexual men and 27 HIV-gay/bisexual controls were compared on a longitudinal basis at 4-month intervals over a 1 yr period for changes indicative of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases of the salivary glands, or reduced protective capacity toward oral opportunistic infection. Parotid saliva was examined for concentrations of sodium, chloride, phosphate, total protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin, secretory IgA, salivary peroxidase, histatin and albumin. Chloride, lysozyme and peroxidase were significantly higher in HIV + at all 3 examinations and increased in concentration over time. Although mean values for stimulated flow rate were not significantly different in the two groups over the year, there was a significant increase in the number of HIV + with reduced flow over time. In 6% of HIV + there was a marked reduction in flow rate and Sjögren's syndrome-like elevations in parotid chemistry but no enlargement. At all examinations low flow rate was significantly related to oral candidiasis; T4 levels were inversely related to oral candidiasis, but not to concentration of salivary components or flow rate; nor was AZT use. As a group the HIV + patients maintained normal flow rate and secreted normal or elevated concentrations of protective proteins. A subgroup, however, exhibited diminished flow over time and an increasing tendency to oral candidiasis and a diminution in output of histatins.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sjogren's syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Rinses for the control of supragingival calculus formation.

Recent epidemiologic studies have confirmed the widespread presence of calculus in teenagers and adults of all ages. Among the multiple anticalculus strategies that have been proposed over the years inhibition of crystal growth has been the most attractive. Current formulations in antitartar toothpastes utilise either zinc salts or various pyrophosphate combinations. In mouthrinses three recent clinical studies have established the superiority of a formulation that contains 1 per cent soluble pyrophosphate, 0.45 per cent of the copolymer of methoxyethelene and maleic acid (Gantrez) and 0.02 per cent sodium fluoride. Three and six month studies demonstrated reductions in calculus scores of 31.7-37.7 per cent using the Volpe-Manhold scoring method. A comparative study of 1 per cent pyrophosphate rinses with and without the copolymer (Gantrez) affirmed its importance to the efficacy of the formulation (31.7 per cent vs 14.4 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Amalgam hazards. An assessment of research.

Although mercury vapor in high concentration can have deleterious effects on several organ systems, there is no evidence of risk at the levels generated by chewing with amalgam restorations. Epidemiological studies relating amalgam exposure to health outcomes are recommended, however, to provide the profession and the public a full sense of security.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1991

Retrospective radiographic study of blade implants.

This retrospective study was undertaken to provide information on the radiographic status of blade implants which had been placed in patients in a private dental office at least five years prior to this study. Radiographs and records of 66 implants were studied in 31 patients. Six implants had been removed from five different patients; 60 implants were still in place at the time of this study. In general, the blade implants fared better in the mandible than in the maxilla. Analysis of the data suggests that although as a group patients with stable periodontal disease had significantly fewer implants lost, on an individual basis there is no predictable correlation between the periodontal status of the natural dentition and the survival of a blade implant as indicated by the radiographs. The change in the height of the crestal bone does not appear to be a critical determinant in the retention of the implant. There was no relationship between the time of loading and the survival of a blade implant.

Adult↗