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Biomedical subjects

I D Mandel

Publications and source records attributed to I D Mandel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Longitudinal study of parotid saliva in HIV-1 infection.

Parotid flow rate and chemistry of 78 HIV + gay/bisexual men and 27 HIV-gay/bisexual controls were compared on a longitudinal basis at 4-month intervals over a 1 yr period for changes indicative of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases of the salivary glands, or reduced protective capacity toward oral opportunistic infection. Parotid saliva was examined for concentrations of sodium, chloride, phosphate, total protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin, secretory IgA, salivary peroxidase, histatin and albumin. Chloride, lysozyme and peroxidase were significantly higher in HIV + at all 3 examinations and increased in concentration over time. Although mean values for stimulated flow rate were not significantly different in the two groups over the year, there was a significant increase in the number of HIV + with reduced flow over time. In 6% of HIV + there was a marked reduction in flow rate and Sjögren's syndrome-like elevations in parotid chemistry but no enlargement. At all examinations low flow rate was significantly related to oral candidiasis; T4 levels were inversely related to oral candidiasis, but not to concentration of salivary components or flow rate; nor was AZT use. As a group the HIV + patients maintained normal flow rate and secreted normal or elevated concentrations of protective proteins. A subgroup, however, exhibited diminished flow over time and an increasing tendency to oral candidiasis and a diminution in output of histatins.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sjogren's syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Rinses for the control of supragingival calculus formation.

Recent epidemiologic studies have confirmed the widespread presence of calculus in teenagers and adults of all ages. Among the multiple anticalculus strategies that have been proposed over the years inhibition of crystal growth has been the most attractive. Current formulations in antitartar toothpastes utilise either zinc salts or various pyrophosphate combinations. In mouthrinses three recent clinical studies have established the superiority of a formulation that contains 1 per cent soluble pyrophosphate, 0.45 per cent of the copolymer of methoxyethelene and maleic acid (Gantrez) and 0.02 per cent sodium fluoride. Three and six month studies demonstrated reductions in calculus scores of 31.7-37.7 per cent using the Volpe-Manhold scoring method. A comparative study of 1 per cent pyrophosphate rinses with and without the copolymer (Gantrez) affirmed its importance to the efficacy of the formulation (31.7 per cent vs 14.4 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Amalgam hazards. An assessment of research.

Although mercury vapor in high concentration can have deleterious effects on several organ systems, there is no evidence of risk at the levels generated by chewing with amalgam restorations. Epidemiological studies relating amalgam exposure to health outcomes are recommended, however, to provide the profession and the public a full sense of security.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1991

Retrospective radiographic study of blade implants.

This retrospective study was undertaken to provide information on the radiographic status of blade implants which had been placed in patients in a private dental office at least five years prior to this study. Radiographs and records of 66 implants were studied in 31 patients. Six implants had been removed from five different patients; 60 implants were still in place at the time of this study. In general, the blade implants fared better in the mandible than in the maxilla. Analysis of the data suggests that although as a group patients with stable periodontal disease had significantly fewer implants lost, on an individual basis there is no predictable correlation between the periodontal status of the natural dentition and the survival of a blade implant as indicated by the radiographs. The change in the height of the crestal bone does not appear to be a critical determinant in the retention of the implant. There was no relationship between the time of loading and the survival of a blade implant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of lipids on the lactic acid retardation capacity of tooth enamel and cementum pellicles formed in vitro from saliva of caries-resistant and caries-susceptible human adults.

The lipid content and composition of these pellicles and the effect of lipids on their ability to retard the diffusion of lactic acid were investigated. Lipids accounted for 22.4% of the dry weight of caries-resistant enamel pellicle and 19.2% of caries-resistant cementum pellicle; the pellicle of caries-susceptible enamel contained 24.6% lipids and that of caries-susceptible cementum, 23.4%. Enamel and cementum pellicles from caries-resistant saliva had a significantly lower content of neutral lipids and phospholipids, whereas the glycolipid content was lower, although not significantly, in caries-susceptible pellicles. Pellicles from caries-resistant saliva had a considerably greater capacity to retard lactic acid diffusion than those from caries-susceptible saliva. In all cases, the retardation capacity was clearly dependent upon the lipid constituents, removal of which caused a 50-52% drop in lactic acid impedance by caries-resistant enamel and cementum pellicles, and 32-35% drop by caries-susceptible pellicles. On reacting the delipidated pellicles with their lipids, it was found that, in all cases, the highest quantitative effect on the restoration of the retardation capacity occurred when phospholipids were added. The findings suggest that the events controlling the interaction of salivary phospholipids with enamel and cementum may determine the susceptibility of the tooth surface to demineralization by acids produced by cariogenic micro-organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The diagnostic uses of saliva.

It is becoming increasingly apparent to investigators and clinicians in a variety of disciplines that saliva has many diagnostic uses and is especially valuable in the young, the old and infirm and in large scale screening and epidemiologic studies. The highly sensitive test procedures that are now commonplace makes it practical to quantitate, despite very low concentrations, a large number of hormones and drugs in saliva. Indeed, all steroids of diagnostic significance in routine clinical endocrinology can now be readily measured in saliva. Drug monitoring can include abusive as well as therapeutic agents. The concordance between anti HIV antibodies in saliva and serum has stimulated application to various other antiviral antibodies as well as to viral antigens per se. Saliva has found use as a diagnostic aid in an increasing number of clinical situations and in systemic diseases that can affect salivary gland function and composition such as Sjögren's syndrome, cystic fibrosis and diseases of the adrenal cortex. The list keeps growing.

Diagnosis, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Why pick on teeth?

In the evolution of oral hygiene practices, the toothpick is the progenitor device. Although modern variations are used interdentally, with the current emphasis on plaque control rather than gingival massage and stimulation, the toothpick has been largely superseded by floss, interproximal brushes, and other supplementary aids. The natural hard bristle toothbrush and vigorous scrub brushing popular a generation ago have been replaced by soft bristle nylon brushes and gentler, more defined brushing procedures for plaque removal in the crevicular areas. Quantitative studies support the superiority of the current techniques in maintaining periodontal health with less trauma to the oral tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparative study of plaque pH on enamel and cemental surfaces.

This study was undertaken to compare the pH response of enamel and cemental plaques to a sucrose rinse challenge. The plaque pH readings on the enamel surfaces were consistently lower than the subjacent cemental plaque pH readings on the same teeth at the same time intervals following the sucrose exposure.

Dental Cementum↗
PubMed1990

The effect of chewing sorbitol-sweetened gum on salivary flow and cemental plaque pH in subjects with low salivary flow.

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of chewing a sorbitol-sweetened gum on whole and parotid salivary flow rates, and on the cemental plaque pH response to a sucrose rinse challenge, in subjects with low salivary flow. The results show that chewing a flavored sugarless gum significantly increases salivary flow rates in individuals with dry mouth. Additionally, chewing the sorbitol-sweetened gum effectively prevents the fall in cemental plaque pH generally seen in response to a sucrose challenge. This indicates that chewing a sorbitol-sweetened gum provides a palliative and possibly a protective benefit for people who suffer from dry mouth.

Chewing Gum↗