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Biomedical subjects

I D Mandel

Publications and source records attributed to I D Mandel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of lipids on the lactic acid retardation capacity of tooth enamel and cementum pellicles formed in vitro from saliva of caries-resistant and caries-susceptible human adults.

The lipid content and composition of these pellicles and the effect of lipids on their ability to retard the diffusion of lactic acid were investigated. Lipids accounted for 22.4% of the dry weight of caries-resistant enamel pellicle and 19.2% of caries-resistant cementum pellicle; the pellicle of caries-susceptible enamel contained 24.6% lipids and that of caries-susceptible cementum, 23.4%. Enamel and cementum pellicles from caries-resistant saliva had a significantly lower content of neutral lipids and phospholipids, whereas the glycolipid content was lower, although not significantly, in caries-susceptible pellicles. Pellicles from caries-resistant saliva had a considerably greater capacity to retard lactic acid diffusion than those from caries-susceptible saliva. In all cases, the retardation capacity was clearly dependent upon the lipid constituents, removal of which caused a 50-52% drop in lactic acid impedance by caries-resistant enamel and cementum pellicles, and 32-35% drop by caries-susceptible pellicles. On reacting the delipidated pellicles with their lipids, it was found that, in all cases, the highest quantitative effect on the restoration of the retardation capacity occurred when phospholipids were added. The findings suggest that the events controlling the interaction of salivary phospholipids with enamel and cementum may determine the susceptibility of the tooth surface to demineralization by acids produced by cariogenic micro-organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The diagnostic uses of saliva.

It is becoming increasingly apparent to investigators and clinicians in a variety of disciplines that saliva has many diagnostic uses and is especially valuable in the young, the old and infirm and in large scale screening and epidemiologic studies. The highly sensitive test procedures that are now commonplace makes it practical to quantitate, despite very low concentrations, a large number of hormones and drugs in saliva. Indeed, all steroids of diagnostic significance in routine clinical endocrinology can now be readily measured in saliva. Drug monitoring can include abusive as well as therapeutic agents. The concordance between anti HIV antibodies in saliva and serum has stimulated application to various other antiviral antibodies as well as to viral antigens per se. Saliva has found use as a diagnostic aid in an increasing number of clinical situations and in systemic diseases that can affect salivary gland function and composition such as Sjögren's syndrome, cystic fibrosis and diseases of the adrenal cortex. The list keeps growing.

Diagnosis, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Why pick on teeth?

In the evolution of oral hygiene practices, the toothpick is the progenitor device. Although modern variations are used interdentally, with the current emphasis on plaque control rather than gingival massage and stimulation, the toothpick has been largely superseded by floss, interproximal brushes, and other supplementary aids. The natural hard bristle toothbrush and vigorous scrub brushing popular a generation ago have been replaced by soft bristle nylon brushes and gentler, more defined brushing procedures for plaque removal in the crevicular areas. Quantitative studies support the superiority of the current techniques in maintaining periodontal health with less trauma to the oral tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparative study of plaque pH on enamel and cemental surfaces.

This study was undertaken to compare the pH response of enamel and cemental plaques to a sucrose rinse challenge. The plaque pH readings on the enamel surfaces were consistently lower than the subjacent cemental plaque pH readings on the same teeth at the same time intervals following the sucrose exposure.

Dental Cementum↗
PubMed1990

The effect of chewing sorbitol-sweetened gum on salivary flow and cemental plaque pH in subjects with low salivary flow.

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of chewing a sorbitol-sweetened gum on whole and parotid salivary flow rates, and on the cemental plaque pH response to a sucrose rinse challenge, in subjects with low salivary flow. The results show that chewing a flavored sugarless gum significantly increases salivary flow rates in individuals with dry mouth. Additionally, chewing the sorbitol-sweetened gum effectively prevents the fall in cemental plaque pH generally seen in response to a sucrose challenge. This indicates that chewing a sorbitol-sweetened gum provides a palliative and possibly a protective benefit for people who suffer from dry mouth.

Chewing Gum↗
PubMed1989

Effect of protein malnutrition on the composition of submandibular glands of aged rats.

Fifty 22-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 8 weeks ad libitum with either a 20% protein diet (control) or a 5% protein diet (protein malnourished group). Submandibular glands were removed, weighed and homogenate prepared. After the low protein diet, there was a slight but significant decrease in body weight, glandular content of total protein (mg/g tissue), kallikrein activity/mg protein and glutamine-rich peptide. In contrast, the gland weight, DNA and mucin content were not changed by feeding a low protein diet. Thus in aged rats submandibular glands are only modestly affected by protein malnutrition and the effects on gland-specific proteins vary.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Physico-chemical characteristics of mucus glycoproteins and lipids of the human oral mucosal mucus coat in relation to caries susceptibility.

Mucus coat was isolated from oral epithelial surfaces of caries-resistant and caries-susceptible subjects, analysed for content and composition of lipids and mucus glycoproteins, and evaluated for physico-chemical characteristics. The mucus coat from caries-resistant subjects had a protein content similar to that of the caries-susceptible group but a higher content of carbohydrate and a lower content of lipids and covalently bound fatty acid. The carbohydrate component was mainly mucus glycoprotein, which accounted for 28.4% of the dry weight of caries-resistant mucus and 25.3% of caries-susceptible mucus. By chromatographic analysis on Bio-Gel A-50, both types of preparations had high (Mr approximately 2000 kdalton) and low (Mr approximately 300 kdalton) molecular-weight mucus glycoproteins. In the caries-susceptible mucus coat these two glycoproteins were in similar proportions, whereas the low molecular-weight glycoprotein predominated in caries-resistant mucus. In both preparations, the high molecular-weight glycoprotein was characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, associated lipids and covalently bound fatty acids, whereas the low molecular-weight glycoprotein was richer in protein and contained lesser amounts of associated and covalently bound lipids. Although the low molecular-weight glycoprotein showed only minor compositional differences with caries status, the high molecular-weight glycoprotein of the caries-resistant group had a 2.5 times lower content of covalently bound fatty acid, a 1.3 times lower content of associated lipids and contained 1.2 times more sulphate and sialic acid then that of the caries-susceptible group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Changing dental images--from stone tablets to comic strips.

From deworming and tooth drawing to rehabilitation and prevention--the dentist's role has changed decidedly over the centuries. Dental images have changed as well. The perceptions of teeth and dentistry in myth and folklore, in art, literature, and popular cultural forms are varied, shifting, and reflective of both the growth of the profession and the fluxes and attitudinal changes in society.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

The role of saliva in maintaining oral homeostasis.

Dental practitioners are becoming more cognizant of the importance of saliva as they treat a greater number of older patients, especially those with medical problems requiring a variety of medications that have xerostomia as a side effect. This article discusses salivary composition and function in a broad perspective, relating them to clinical concerns and current research. Understanding the role of saliva in maintaining health, as well as its relation to oral disease, is vital to the competent dental practitioner.

Homeostasis↗
PubMed1989

The mouthrinse wars.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1989

Effect of sorbitol sweetened breath mints on salivary flow and plaque pH in xerostomic subjects.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a sorbitol sweetened breath mint on salivary flow and plaque pH in subjects suffering from xerostomia. The breath mints effectively increased whole and parotid salivary flow rates during a 10-minute test period. Additionally, the mints reduced the acidogenic effect of a 10% sucrose rinse, as measured by changes in plaque pH. This change was presumably caused by the sialogogic action of the mints. The efficacy of sorbitol sweetened breath mints as a palliative, and possibly therapeutic aid for individuals with xerostomia compares favorably with the results of an earlier study similarly testing the effects of sorbitol sweetened chewing gum.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1989

Preventive dental services for the elderly.

Preventive dentistry for the elderly is a two-track system: one for the haves and another for the have nots (not an uncommon duality). For those who have teeth, the major needs are prevention of new or recurrent caries and preventing further loss of supporting tissue. The strategies are essentially the same as for the younger populations, with some modification. For the have-nots, maintenance of denture function and denture hygiene becomes the counterpart. Both groups have the same needs for surveillance of soft tissue health and salivary gland function. The major challenge for the preventively oriented dentist concerned with the elderly is to develop an appreciation of the need for regular care in an age group that places a low priority on this service. This is an educational and a behavioral problem that has to be addressed by our social and behavioral scientists. The practitioner, however, has to build it into dental practice on an ongoing basis. People do not become elderly over night (although it may seem to happen that way). As people grow older, they lose the youthful sense of immortality and are very amenable to health education. We have to provide it. A well functioning dentition, artificial or, one hopes, natural, adds to well being, "quality of life" and is part of active life expectancy that to many is more important than mere survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Forty years of research--its impact on dental practice.

With the multiple use of fluorides the philosophical basis of dental practice shifted from the restoration of the dentition to the prevention of the initiation of dental disease. In the United States, the profound impact on caries in children, with 50 per cent of the 5-17 year olds caries-free, has changed the relative distribution of the various dental services and the pattern of dental care. The child orientation has been superceded by greater attention to the restorative and other needs of the middle-aged and geriatric population. The research-generated insights into the role of plaque in the periodontal diseases and the wide-scale efforts to improve oral hygiene via plaque control have resulted in a marked reduction in gingivitis and manageable levels of periodontis in the employed population below the age of 65. More advanced disease can be treated more effectively because of new diagnostic procedures and new technologies as well as the use of anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. Major research advances in oral biology, oral medicine and oral diagnosis have extended both the depth and breadth of preventive dental practice. The scope of preventive dentistry now goes well beyond caries and periodontal disease to include: (1) injury, oro-facial defects, malocclusion and temporomandibular joint dysfunction; (2) oral mucosal lesions; (3) systemic diseases with oral manifestations and (4) hazards associated with dental practice. Dentistry is now being practised with an ordered set of priorities.

Dental Caries↗