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Biomedical subjects

I Braveny

Publications and source records attributed to I Braveny.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Comparative synergistic activity of netilmicin-piperacillin versus gentamicin-piperacillin.

The synergistic action of the combination netilmicin-piperacillin in comparison to gentamicin-piperacillin was studied in 206 clinical isolates of staphylococci, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by means of the checkerboard technique. Overall, netilmicin-piperacillin acted synergistically against 31% and gentamicin-piperacillin against 14% of the 206 strains. In particular, synergism was more frequently observed with netilmicin-piperacillin against Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., indole-positive Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Synergy was uncommon with either combination against enterococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Serratia spp. Only partial synergy or indifference was seen with both combinations against Klebsiella spp. The interaction of netilmicin would appear to be superior to that of gentamicin in combination with piperacillin.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of the Micur microdilution systems for antibiotic susceptibility testing of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Two commercial systems for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria were evaluated in a collaborative study at two sites using 306 freshly isolated clinical strains. Gram-negative bacteria were tested with the Micur RST 02 and gram-positive bacteria with the Micur RST 03, systems for MIC titration. For categorization of bacterial susceptibility into sensitive, intermediate or resistant, the Micur ST 02 and 03 were used for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria respectively. The broth microdilution technique served as reference method. A total of 3672 MIC pairs were determined. MICs obtained with the Micur RST 02/03 were found to be 96.9% in agreement (+/- one log2 dilution) with the reference method results. The inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory reproducibility for the Micur RST tested with four ATCC reference strains was 97.5% and 98.5% respectively. Categorization of bacterial susceptibility with the Micur ST 02/03 agreed with 94.9% of the Micur RST results and 91.6% of the reference method results. On account of their accuracy, reproducibility and long shelf-life the Micur RST and ST systems offer a convenient method for testing antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of microscopic and cultural findings in the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis infection.

The diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis infection on the basis of microscopic and cultural findings was compared. A total of 340 specimens of vaginal secretion were Gram stained and plated on a medium selective for Gardnerella vaginalis. Positive culture was obtained in 165 cases. Microscopy was unequivocally positive in 95, doubtful in 58 and negative in 187. Positive microscopy was confirmed by culture in 99%. On the other hand, 21% of the negative microscopy results gave a false negative diagnosis. Specimens for which microscopy was doubtful were culture positive in 53% of the cases, including 12% with heavy growth. Thus, positive microscopy proved to be sufficient for a reliable diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis infection. However, in specimens with negative or doubtful microscopic findings, additional culture is recommended.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1981

Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in West Germany.

Two-hundred-and-six strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated in eight centers in West Germany. The prevalent serotypes were: 19, 3, 6, 7, 23 and 15. Seventy-five percent of the strains tested were antigenically identical to the pneumococcal types included in the 14-valent vaccine Pneumovax. Susceptibility testing revealed resistance to tetracycline (11% of the isolates), co-trimoxazole (7%) and chloramphenicol (2%). Seven percent of the isolates were relatively resistant to penicillin (MIC 0.1-1.0 mg/l).

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

[Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae to antibiotics in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)].

In a multi-center study 523 strains of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae isolated from patients in eight towns of the Federal Republic of Germany were tested for their sensitivity to 15 different chemotherapeutic agents. 1.7% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, 1,5% to chloramphenicol and 2.5% to tetracycline. All ampicillin-resistant strains produced beta-lactamase. For the first time, multiple resistant strains were isolated: two against ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline; one in addition also against co-trimoxazole. It is likely that there will be a spread of such resistant strains.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for toxoplasmosis proved as sensitive as the dye test and indirect haemagglutination (IHA). The reproducibility of end-point titres was better than that of the extinction values obtained from a single serum dilution. In a comparison of 152 sera, ELISA was found to correlate better with IHA than with the dye test. The use of ELISA for routine serology and population screening is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

In vitro activity of piperacillin compared with that of ampicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, and mezlocillin.

The antibacterial activity of ampicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin was investigated in 1112 fresh clinical isolates using the microdilution technic. Ampicillin was the most active agent against enterococci and ticarcillin against Staphylococcus aureus, 91% of the latter being inhibited by 32 mg/l. 95% of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to piperacillin and 90% to ticarcillin and azlocillin. Piperacillin was still active against half of the azlocillin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Against the Enterobacteriaceae, mezlocillin and piperacillin were equally active: 31% of these strains were resistant to both drugs. Amongst the various strains the percentage of resistance was highest in Klebsiella (60%). Analysis of resistance patterns of Enterobacteriaceae showed almost completely parallel resistance between these two drugs the difference being less than 3%. Piperacillin, however, had the broadest spectrum of all the penicillins tested.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

[Can chloramphenicol be combined with beta-lactam antibiotics? (author's transl)].

The effect was studied of combinations of chloramphenicol with beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, ampicillin, cefotiam and cefotaxime, on 20 strains each of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. No antagonism was observed using the checkerboard titration method. In most cases no interaction could be established. An evaluation by the fractional inhibitory concentration index was discussed: only values above 2 were interpreted as antagonism. The minimal bactericidal concentrations of chloramphenicol were identical with the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) - i. e. the antibiotic acted bactericidally on the species tested. Further investigations on the killing kinetics have shown that chloramphenicol in low concentrations can cause a delay in the bactericidal action of the antibiotic with which it is combined in the first few hours. At higher concentrations (more than double the MIC) the killing kinetics approximate those of the individual antibiotics. It is improbable that the minor delays in killing are of clinical significance. The combination is almost as effective as chloramphenicol.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

[In vitro activity of rosoxacin (Win 35 213) against Neisseria gonorrhoeae (author's transl)].

1-Ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-pyridyl)-3-quinoline carbonic acid (rosoxacin, Win 35 213) is a new broad-spectrum pyridyl quinoline derivative. Its activity in vitro against 247 beta-lactamase-negative and 9 beta-lactamase-positive strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was compared with those of penicillin, ampicillin, cefaclor, spectinomycin and tetracycline, using the microtiter-dilution technique. Rosoxacin proved to be approximately equal in activity to penicillin against penicillin-sensitive isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. Against beta-lactamase-producing isolates rosoxacin was the most active compound tested: all strains were inhibited by 0.06 mg/l.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1980

Antimicrobial activity of netilmicin in comparison with gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin and their resistance patterns.

The antimicrobial activity of netilmicin, gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin and amikacin was determined by means of the microdilution test. 1000 fresh isolates of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7 species of the Enterobacteriaceae were tested. The activities were compared and cross-resistances were analyzed which appeared among the various drugs. Against amikacin, only 0.5% of all strains (3 P. aeruginosa, 1 S. aureus, 1 P. mirabilis) were resistant. Of the other drugs, netilmicin was the most active drug against S. aureus, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Against E. coli, too, sisomicin showed its best activity, and further against Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp. and P. aeruginosa. A total of 12% of all pathogens was gentamicin-resistant. With one exception, these pathogens showed cross-resistance to at least one of the other drugs. In 39% of the cases a cross-resistance between gentamicin and tobramycin was noted, in 26% a gentamicin-tobramycin-sisomicin cross-resistance, in 17% gentamicin-tobramycin-sisomicin-netilmicin cross-resistance, in 11% a gentamicin-sisomicin-netilmicin cross-resistance. A complete cross-resistance was observed between gentamicin and sisomicin with S. aureus, Serratia spp. and Proteus mirabilis, between gentamicin and tobramycin with E. coli, Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1979

[Echinococcosis.--Current problems of diagnosis and epidemiology (author's transl)].

The indirect hemagglutination-test (IHA) and the indirect immunefluorescence-test are two modern methods for the serological diagnosis of an echinococcosis. If both tests are employed, the disease can be diagnosed with great reliability. A titer of 1 : 128 in the IHA makes the diagnosis of an echinococcosis very likely; a titer exceeding 1 : 1000 is significant. Serological tests of 36 patients with E. cysticus and E. alveolaris are evaluated; the interpretation of the results is discussed. In all patients the diagnosis was established between October 1977 and October 1978. In Germany the complement fixation test is commonly used to diagnose an echinococcosis. This test, however, is unreliable and fails in one third of all cases. It should be--as well as the Casoni skin-test--replaced by more sensitive and specific reactions. If the complement fixation test is positive, it might be used for postoperative controls. Compared to previous years the disease-rate among Germans is rising. The main reason seems to be the increasing tourism to foreign countries. Serological tests in small laboratories are unreliable and make an evaluation difficult. The diagnosis should be established in specialized centres.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1979

[Antibacterial activity of cefotaxim in comparison with seven cephalosporins].

The antibacterial activity of cefotaxim and seven cephalosporins was determined in 1,112 fresh isolates using the microdilution technique. All of the cephalosporins tested were ineffective against enterococci. Cefalotin was the most effective agent against Staphylococcus aureus. Cefaclor was superior to cephalexin against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis, and thus inhibited 20% more Enterobacteriaceae. Cefazolin was as effective as cefamandole against E. coli. Cefuroxime and cefoxitin were almost equally effective against E. coli, Klebsiella and P. mirabilis; more than 95% of the strains were sensitive. Cefuroxime and also cefamandole were much more effective than cefoxitin against Citrobacter and Enterobacter. Cefoxitin on the other hand was superior against Serratia and indol-positive Proteus species. Cefotaxim was by far the most active cephalosporin against Enterobacteriaceae, only 2% of the strains being resistant. More than 90% of the strains of E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis and Serratia were sensitive to 1 mg/l, the lowest degree of activity being displayed against Enterobacter; 82% of the strains were inhibited by 16 mg/l. Cefotaxim was the only cephalosporin which showed appreciable activity against Pseudomonas.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

[In vitro activity of cefaclor against Haemophilus influenzae in comparison to various oral chemotherapeutic agents (author's transl)].

The antibacterial activity of cefaclor against 100 non-beta-lactamase producing and 11 beta-lactamase producing isolates of Haemophilus influenzae was compared with that of cephalexin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole. A new standardized microtiter dilution technique was used. Cefaclor showed greater activity than did cephalexin and inhibited beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae isolates. Ampicillin was the most active compound against non-beta-lactamase producing isolates. One of our strains was resistant to chloramphenicol and one resistant to tetracycline.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1978

The influence of maternal immunoglobulin-G-antibodies on indirect haemagglutination in newborns.

High antibody titers against Escherichia coli were found in 100 randomly selected pregnant women by means of indirect haemagglutination (IHA). After birth, sera from the umbilical vein of the newborns were also tested. It was found that the indirect haemagglutination titers of the children were strongly influenced by the IgG which had been transferred via the placenta. Twenty-two sera of newborns showed an increased IHA-titer against E. coli, but only seven children displayed specific IgM antibodies, determined by indirect immunofluorescence. After chromatographic separation of the sera into IgG and IgM fractions, it was demonstrated that isolated antibodies of the IgG type alone can produce increased IHA titers. The assumption that the indirect haemagglutination is determined almost exclusively by antibodies of the IgG type is unfounded. Therefore, indirect haemagglutination is not suitable as a screening-test for newborns.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗