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I Braveny

Publications and source records attributed to I Braveny.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Prospective, comparative study of a infrared spectroscopic blood culture system (Bactec NR-660)].

The automatic Bactec NR-660 system was compared with a conventional blood culture system - Septi-Check, La Roche (RSC). Out of a total of 962 blood cultures 157 isolates were detected: 123 in RSC and 104 in Bactec 6A. If only clinical relevant strains were considered the isolation rate was nearly equal in both systems, being 75% in RSC and 77% in Bactec 6A, respectively. The RSC-system was more frequently contaminated (3.3% vs 1.0%). Positive blood cultures were detected 12 hrs earlier by the Bactec system.

Automation↗
PubMed1988

Distribution and resistance patterns of Haemophilus influenzae: a European cooperative study.

The first European survey of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae was conducted between February and October 1986. Eighty laboratories in nine countries participated (Austria, Belgium, France, FRG, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK). A total of 1,961 clinical isolates was examined for type b encapsulation, beta-lactamase production and susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefaclor, erythromycin and tetracycline, using a unique microdilution method. The proportion of isolates resistant to these antibiotics varied considerably between individual countries. The highest prevalence of ampicillin resistance was found in Spain (30.6%), and the lowest in the FRG (1.6%), with a mean value of 10% for all countries. Chloramphenicol resistance was highest in Spain (24.9%) and Belgium (10.9%) and lowest in The Netherlands (0.6%) and Austria (0.5%), with a mean value of 4.7%. Resistance to erythromycin ranged from 27% of the isolates in The Netherlands to 1.1% in Austria. For tetracycline, values ranged from 1.5% in the UK to 17.8% in Belgium and 25.4% in Spain. The lowest mean prevalence of resistance was observed for cefaclor (breakpoint 8 mg/l): 5% or less in all countries. These inter-country differences could only partially be explained by variations in the proportion of type b strains, the source of the isolates and the mode of collection.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1988

In vitro activity of new antibiotics against Haemophilus influenzae.

The activity of sulbactam/ampicillin, aztreonam, cefetamet, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin and ofloxacin was determined against 160 Haemophilus influenzae strains using a standardized microdilution method. The strains were categorized into four groups according to beta-lactamase production and their resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. All isolates tested, regardless of their beta-lactamase production or resistance to the above mentioned drugs, were susceptible to the nine antibiotics. The most active antimicrobial agents were aztreonam, cefixime, and the two quinolone derivatives ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Comparative in vitro activity of RO 23-6240 (fleroxacin), a new 4-quinolone derivative.

The in vitro activity of RO 23-6240 was compared with that of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin as well as four other antimicrobial agents against 345 recent clinical isolates. The MICs of RO 23-6240 against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter anitratum was less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l. At the same concentration of the compound 90% of staphylococci were inhibited. Against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa RO 23-6240 proved less active, having MIC90 values of 4.0 mg/l and 8.0 mg/l, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci strains that were resistant to piperacillin, cefotaxime or tobramycin were susceptible to the compound. In general the activity of RO 23-6240 was comparable to those of norfloxacin and ofloxacin, but less than that of ciprofloxacin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Development of resistance during antibiotic therapy.

The frequency of development of resistance during antibiotic therapy was evaluated by reviewing the literature according to prescribed criteria. Mean resistance rates were calculated to be 9.2% for broad spectrum penicillins, 8.6% for second and third generation cephalosporins, 10.0% for latamoxef, 4.7% for imipenem, 11.8% for ciprofloxacin and 13.4% for aminoglycosides. Emergence of resistance of the infecting organism was associated with therapeutic failure in about half of the cases with the exception of patients treated with aminoglycosides in whom development of resistance resulted in treatment failure in 85% of the cases. The possible benefit of combination therapy in terms of resistance development is discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Comparative in vitro activity of LY146032 (daptomycin) against gram-positive cocci.

The in vitro activity of LY146032 was compared with those of seven other antimicrobial agents against gram-positive cocci. MICs of LY146032 were lowest for Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis (0.25 mg/l). For methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus the MICs were 1 mg/l, for Enterococcus faecalis 2 mg/l and for Enterococcus faecium 4 mg/l. The activity of LY146032 was in general higher than that of vancomycin. Time-kill studies showed LY146032 had higher bactericidal activity than vancomycin against a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain, and bactericidal activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.

Aminocoumarins↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the serum bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone/piperacillin and ceftriaxone/netilmicin.

The serum bactericidal activities of ceftriaxone, netilmicin, piperacillin and the combinations of ceftriaxone with each of the two other antibiotics were compared 1, 4 and 24 h after i.v. infusion in six volunteers. One hundred and one clinical isolates were used, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and various Enterobacteriaceae. The highest bactericidal titers were found against the Enterobacteriaceae, geometric means of 1:741 and 1:851 being obtained for ceftriaxone/netilmicin and ceftriaxone/piperacillin respectively. Against Staphylococcus aureus the geometric mean bactericidal titers of ceftriaxone/piperacillin (1:105) were markedly higher than ceftriaxone/netilmicin (1:35). Low bactericidal activity was exhibited by all drugs and combinations tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; a geometric mean bactericidal titer of 1:4.6 was achieved. The serum bactericidal activity of the double beta-lactam combinations was found to be at least equal to that of the combination containing a cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of novel antipseudomonal drugs using the serum bactericidal activity test.

Serum bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined in six volunteers 1 and 4 h after administration of 2 g ceftazidime, 4 g piperacillin, 500 mg imipenem, 80 mg tobramycin and four combinations of these agents. Ceftazidime produced the highest serum bactericidal titers, killing 100% and 86% of the 50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains tested after 1 and 4 h respectively at a serum dilution of 1:8. Imipenem had lower serum bactericidal titers than ceftazidime, killing 88% of the isolates after 1 h at a serum dilution of 1:8. The combination showed only slightly higher titers. Killing curves were determined for nine strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using undiluted volunteer serum drawn 1 h after administration of the antibiotics. The combinations ceftazidime/tobramycin and piperacillin/tobramycin exhibited higher killing activity than the single drugs. As the activity of the aminoglycosides could be underestimated on the basis of their low serum bactericidal titers, it is concluded that determination of these titers is inappropriate for evaluating the efficacy of the aminoglycosides.

Ceftazidime↗
PubMed1984

In vitro activity of imipenem--a review.

A review is given of the microbiological properties of imipenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic with an exceptionally broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. An evaluation of results of numerous in vitro studies reveals that imipenem effectively inhibited growth of 53 of 55 bacterial species, the mean MIC90 being less than 8 mg/l. The MIC90 for cocci, with the exception of Staphylococcus epidermidis, is in the range of 0.01-3.1 mg/l. The MIC90 for all Enterobacteriaceae is equal to or less than 8 mg/l. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria are generally susceptible to imipenem, only Pseudomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas cepacia showing intrinsic resistance. Imipenem is currently the most active drug available against anaerobic bacteria, the MIC usually being below 1 mg/l even for Bacteroides fragilis. Rare bacteria such as Nocardia asteroides, Listeria monocytogenes or fast growing Mycobacterium spp. which cause difficult-to-treat infections are also susceptible to imipenem. Increases in inoculum size have only a minimal effect on activity of the drug. In most species the MBC only slightly exceeded the MIC; however in the case of Streptococcus faecalis the MBC value was many times the MIC value. Synergism has been observed in combinations of imipenem with aminoglycosides, and antagonism in combinations with other beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. Imipenem is stable in the presence of the common chromosomal and plasmid-mediated enzymes. Induction of inactivating enzymes was observed in staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity of HR 810, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin.

HR 810, 3-[(2,3-cyclopenteno-1-pyridinium)methyl]-7-[2-syn-methoximino-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-acetamido] ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate, is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative. The in vitro activity of HR 810 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin and gentamicin using 368 strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. HR 810 was highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, being the most active of the cephalosporins against Enterobacter, Serratia and Citrobacter spp.; the MICs ranged from much less than 0.06 to 8 mg/l. The activity of HR 810 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. was almost as good as that of ceftazidime. The new compound was superior to the other cephalosporins against Staphylococcus aureus and inhibited all Streptococcus faecalis strains at a concentration of 16 mg/l.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1983

AIDS - a new plague?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Clindamycin enhances opsonization of Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus 502A was grown in the presence of one-third of the minimal inhibitory concentration of clindamycin. Phagocytosis of the antibiotic-treated bacteria by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was significantly enhanced, compared with that of the untreated control (P less than 0.001). Study of opsonization kinetics by a chemiluminescence assay demonstrated that clindamycin-treated staphylococci were opsonized more rapidly than control bacteria and that the serum concentration required for sufficient opsonization was lower. Complement was consumed much faster, and the opsonic fragment C3b was fixed more rapidly to the bacterial surface when the staphylococci were preincubated with clindamycin. Electron micrographs showed an alteration of the staphylococcal cell wall after clindamycin treatment.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1983

[Antibacterial activity of the combination of cefoperazone piperacillin].

The effect of the combination cefoperazone plus piperacillin was tested against 131 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by checkerboard titration and by determining the serum bactericidal activity. The interaction was synergistic against 9% of the strains in vitro and partially synergistic against 48%. In the serum bactericidal tests bactericidal titers higher than 1:8 were obtained with the combination one hour after administration. No antagonism was observed either in the in vitro tests or in tests of serum bactericidal activity.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Antibacterial activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin in comparison with cefotaxime, lamoxactam, cefoperazone, piperacillin gentamicin.

The in vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK 0787), a new stable derivative of thienamycin was compared with that of lamoxactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, piperacillin and gentamicin against 410 clinical isolates of common bacteria. In comparison with the other agents, MK 0787 was more or equally active against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Serratia spp. It inhibited all isolates at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l, but was less active than cefotaxime and lamoxactam against Proteus mirabilis and less active than cefotaxime, lamoxactam and cefoperazone against Beta-lactamase positive Haemophilus influenzae. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more susceptible to N-formimidoyl thienamycin than to other antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗