Immunologic markers in the differential diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Erythrocytes↗
Biomedical subjects
H Stein
Publications and source records attributed to H Stein.
Immunohistological demonstration and physiochemical characterization of C3 receptors of normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells.
The in situ distribution of C3 receptor-positive cells was analyzed by immunoperoxidase staining of normal and malignant lymphoid tissue with an anti-C3 receptor serum (AC3RS). AC3RS immunostaining coincided well with the pattern found previously with the erythrocyte-antibody-complement complex (EAC) adherence technique. This indicates that AC3RS is a new tool for the detection of C3 receptors in situ. In addition, evidence is presented that the different results obtained in molecular weight analyses of human C3 receptor molecules may be due to different preparation procedures. When human tonsillar lymphocyte membrane fractions were solubilized, and then radioiodinated, subunits with apparent molecular weights of 38,000 and 18,000 could be precipitated from these lysates with AC3RS. When whole cells were tritiated and then solubilized, only one component with an apparent molecular weight of 200,000 could be isolated with AC3RS.
Autoradiography↗
Molecular weight analysis of Fc gamma-binding proteins of lymphoid leukemia, myeloid leukemia, and hairy-cell leukemia.
The molecular weights of EDTA-mercaptoethanol-soluble Fc gamma-affined proteins isolated from chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the B type, prolymphocytic leukemia of the B type, chronic myeloid leukemia and hairy-cell leukemia were compared. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the Fc gamma-binding material obtained from all six cases of B type leukemia revealed a single peak with an apparent molecular weight of 28,000. The Fc gamma-affined material isolated from the cells of two cases of chronic myeloid leukemia showed two peaks, one with an apparent molecular weight of 42,600 and one with an apparent molecular weight of 18,800. The Fc gamma-affined material isolated from the cells of two cases of hairy-cell leukemia electrophoresed in the form of a closely spaced double peak. One component of the double peak had an apparent molecular weight of 28,000 and thus corresponds to the Fc gamma-binding material of leukemic B cells. The second component had a slightly lower molecular weight. The latter component is not present on either leukemic B cells or myeloid cells. The results indicate that the EDTA-mercaptoethanol-soluble Fc gamma-affined proteins of different types of cells differ in molecular weight, and thus in molecular structure.
B-Lymphocytes↗
Cytogenetic findings in T-zone lymphoma.
Five cases of T-zone lymphoma were investigated with histologic, immunologic, and cytogenetic methods. The chromosome analyses were performed on lymphoma cells prepared immediately after removal of the lymph nodes. The chromosomes involved in structural rearrangements were nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 14, and Y. Numbers 3, 5, 6, and 13 were lost by some tumors, and nos. 3 and 9 were gained. Chromosome 3 was involved most often in structural and numerical aberrations, whereas 14q + markers occurred in only one case. The importance of multidisciplinary studies is pointed out.
Aged↗
Hodgkin's disease: establishment and characterization of four in vitro cell lies.
Four in vitro cell lines (L 428, L 439, L 538, and L 540) were established from different materials of three patients with Hodgkin's disease: pleural effusions, peripheral blood, and bone marrow. The histological diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by several independent histologists. All four cell lines have been in culture for over 6 months up to over 3 years. The neoplastic nature of the culture cells is indicated by the demonstration of several structural and numeric chromosome abnormalities associated with a monoclonal pattern of marker chromosomes. EBV-specific antigens (EBNA, VCA) were not detected in either cell line. Ia-like antigens, receptors for human T cells, acid phosphatase, and acid esterase were showen to be present in the cultured cells. All cell lines lacked surface or cytoplasmic Ig, HTLA, receptors for C3b, C3d, IgG-Fc, mouse E or sheep E, and were devoid of lysozyme, peroxidase, and chloracetate esterase. The described features do not represent B cells, T cells, myeloid cells, monocytes, or macrophages. The morphology and the marker pattern of the culture cells, however, is identical with that of freshly obtained Hodgkin's (H)- and Sternberg-Reed (SR)-cells, except for the lack of CIg in the in vitro cells, which is explained by the culture conditions. Heterotransplantation in nude mice was achieved by intracranial inoculation and by s.c. transplantation of cultured cells embedded in a plasma clot. The described findings suggest that these cultured Hodgkin's cell lines are indeed derived from H and SR cells. The cellular origin of these cells is not clear, the loss of cellular differential markers during the process of possible dedifferentiation is discussed.
Adult↗
Immunohistological analysis of Hodgkin's and Sternberg-reed cells: detection of a new antigen and evidence for selective IgG uptake in the absence of B cell, T cell and histiocytic markers.
To help clarify the origin and nature of Hodgkin's (H) and Sternberg-Reed (SR) cells, three different sets of experiments were performed. First, it was shown that cytoplasmic gamma, kappa, lambda occur not only in H and SR cells, but also in polymorphic tumor cells of epithelial, neurogenic, and lymphoid origin. Furthermore, human IgG that was injected i.v. into rats penetrated many rat liver cells, whereas injected human alpha 1-antitrypsin did not. Second, staining of frozen sections revealed that H and SR cells lack surface immunoglobulin and peripheral T-cell antigen. Third, an antiserum raised against the L 428 cell line (derived from Hodgkin's disease) and absorbed with human serum and normal cells did not react with any cells of tonsil tissue (lymphoid cells, histiocytes, and interdigitating reticulum cells), whereas it reacted strongly with the L 428 cell line cells and with H and SR cells of 10 different cases. In all ten cases, the antiserum stained the surface of H and SR cells; in two cases, it also stained the nucleoli and some chromatin spots in H and SR cells. The results obtained in these experiments indicate that H and SR cells are not closely related to lymphoid cells, histiocytes, or interdigitating reticulum cells. The findings also suggest that H and SR cells express one or more antigens that have not yet been detected on or in normal cells.
Animals↗
T-cell lymphomas. A cell origin-related classification on the basis of cytologic, immunologic, and enzyme cytochemical criteria.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Human membrane-bound C3 receptors. I. Serological and immunohistological demonstration of C3 receptors.
The aim of the present study was to present further evidence of the specific reactivity of an anti-C3 receptor serum (AC3RS), to demonstrate membrane-bound C3 receptors by using this AC3RS in different serological an immunohistological methods, and to investigate the relationship between membrane-bound C3 receptors and alpha1-antitrypsin. The AC3RS, or F(ab')2 fragments of the IgG fraction of this antiserum, stained a percentage of various viable cell populations roughly equivalent to the number of cells that bound EAC3b and/or EAC3d; C3 receptor-negative T cells and thymocytes were not stained. On frozen sections of tonsils and kidneys it was found that the AC3RS stained area to which EAC3b adhered. After absorption with neutrophils or Ehu, the AC3RS inhibited the agglutination of EAC3d with tonsil cells, but not the agglutination of tonsil cells or neutrophils with EAC3b; this absorbed AC3RS still stained tonsil cells but not neutrophils, and in frozen tonsil sections it stained only those areas to which EAC3d adhered. The absorbed AC3RS did not stain glomeruli. Antisera to alpha1-antitrypsin failed to inhibit EAC agglutination with C3 receptor-bearing cells or to stain C3 receptor-positive cells either in suspension or in frozen sections. Absorption of th AC3RS with purified alpha1-antitrypsin did not affect its specific reactivity.
Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Human membrane-bound C3 receptors. II. Physiochemical properties of the C3b and C3d receptors isolated from tonsil cells by immunoprecipitation.
The aim of the present study was to define the physicochemical structure of C3b and C3d receptors of lymphoid cells. C3b and C3d receptors were isolated from KBr lysates of the 20,000 g fraction of human tonsil homogenates by immunoprecipitation with an anti-C3 receptor serum (AC3RS). Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of unreduced immunoprecipitates revealed a highly predominant component with an apparent molecular weight (mol. wt.) greater than 1 x 10(6) and a small component with a mol. wt. of 80,000. After reduction, the SDS-PAGE profile was made up of a constant major 38,000 mol. wt. component and a inconstant smaller 18,000 mol. wt. component. The 38,000 (and also the 18,000) component could be isolated only from C3 receptor-active lysates, and not from C3 receptor-negative lysates. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the active C3 receptor molecule of tonsil cells is a lipoprotein complex with a mol. wt. greater than 1 x 10(6); its protein moiety consists predominantly of disulphide-bridged polypeptide chains with a mol. wt. of 38,000; C3b and C3d receptors are composed of equal-sized polypeptide chains, but the specific binding sites for C3b and C3d are located on different molecules.
Chromatography, Gel↗
Improved bioassay for insulin by continuous glucose monitoring.
The USP bioassay for insulin currently used by industry and government requires a sc injection of insulin to rabbits and multiple assays of blood glucose. One hundred and forty-four rabbits are usually assayed, each assay taking at least 2 weeks. A bioassay for insulin is described. The new assay is based on a continuous monitoring of blood glucose and repeated iv injection of insulin to dogs. The test is completed in 1 day and is carried out on one dog. The interassay variability of seven repeated tests of an off the shelf soluble insulin was +/- 8%.
Animals↗
The pathogenesis of chronic haemophilic arthropathy.
Specimens of tissue from haemophilic synovium and articular cartilage were collected from 39 patients during reconstructive surgery. They were studied by histochemistry, electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. The detailed findings are presented and discussed. It is suggested that haemophilic arthropathy is the result of a number of mechanisms affecting the synovial lining which becomes progressively fibrotic and the hyaline cartilage which disintegrates and is eventually lost. Mechanical and chemical processes cause degeneration of cells but enzymatic processes appear to be primarily responsible for the degradation of the matrix of the articular cartilage.
Adolescent↗
Reactive and neoplastic human lymphoid cells producing J chain in the absence of immunoglobulin: evidence for the existence of 'J chain disease'?
The initiation of cytoplasmic Ig synthesis in differentiating B cells is accompanied by the start of cytoplasmic J chain production. As the cell matures further, J chain synthesis ceases (unless it is producing dimeric IgA or 19S IgM). In consequence, it is common to find Ig-positive, J chain-negative cells in reactive lymphoid tissue. However, the reverse pattern (Ig-negative/J chain-positive), which would indicate J chain production unaccompanied by Ig synthesis, has not been reported. In this paper we describe the detection of such cells in reactive human lymphoid tissue by a double immunoenzymatic labelling technique. Furthermore, retrospective immunohistological analysis of 90 cases of human high-grade lymphoma revealed three cases in which the neoplastic cells appeared to synthesize J chain but not Ig. These findings suggest that the term J chain disease might be introduced to describe this new class of lymphoid neoplasm. However, it is pointed out that immunochemical categories of human B lymphoproliferative diseases based upon patterns of Ig synthesis are often in direct conflict with histological categories (cf. mu chain-producing neoplasms) and the term J chain disease cannot therefore be recommended. It is probable that further cases of J chain-positive, Ig-negative lymphoid neoplasms, covering a range of histological categories, will be described in the future.
Adult↗
[Differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors of the palm: cirsoid aneurysm of the ulnar artery].
The authors describe a rare arterial malformation in the palm. Preoperatively, only neurological disturbances had been caused. Resection and histological examination of a tumorlike lesion of the ulnar artery revealed a thrombosed cirsoid aneurysm.
Adult↗
Changing trends in child health in Soweto. The Baragwanath Hospital picture.
Preventable disease is still prevalent among the children of Soweto. However, as viewed from a hospital perspective, there have been substantial improvements in child health in this area. These improvements, in relation to overall paediatrics, apply in the areas of infant mortality, admissions and mortality due to malnutrition and gastro-enteritis, and severity of and number of admissions for rickets. In relation to newborn infants, the improvements are reflected in the perinatal mortality rates and incidence of low-birthweight babies.
Black or African American↗
Activity and isoenzymes of acid phosphatase in human B-cell lymphomas of low-grade malignancy: a novel aid in the classification of malignant lymphoma.
Activity and isoelectric focusing (IEF) pattern of lysosomal acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) were investigated in 55 cases of low-grade malignant B-cell lymphoma, classified as chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), centroblastic/centrocytic follicular lymphoma (CB/CC), lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (Immunocytoma, IC), and plasmacytoma (PC), applying the criteria of the Kiel classification. The results show (1) that the four lymphoma types present a characteristic range of enzyme activity in an increasing order: B-CLL, BC/CC, IC, and PC. B lymphocytes, germinal center cells, and plasmacytes are the main constituents of these lymphomas. This sequence might reflect one possible mode of B-cell transformation into plasmacytes traversing an amplification stage in germinal centers under normal conditions. (2) All cases showed the basic IEF pattern of normal B lymphocytes with 12 bands localized in three regions between pH 6.1 and 3.9. This finding supports the B-cell origin and the close phenotypical relationship among the investigated lymphomas. (3) The IEF patterns of B-CLL and CB/CC did not differ from that of normal B lymphocytes, whereas two additional isoenzymes were encountered in cases of IC and seven in PC; this suggests that the higher enzyme activity of IC and PC is at least partly due to the appearance of "new" isoenzymes. The results support the validity of the underlying classification and indicate the individually, B-cell origin, and close relationship among the four lymphoma entities investigated.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Two neoplastic cell lines with unique features derived from Hodgkin's disease.
Two in vitro cell lines (L428, L439) were established from pleural effusions of two patients with Hodgkin's disease. The histological diagnosis was ascertained in both cases by two independent pathologists. The neoplastic nature of the culture cells is indicated by the demonstration of several structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities associated with a monoclonal pattern of marker chromosomes. Heterotransplantation in nude mice was achieved by intracranial inoculation and by subcutaneous transplantation of cultured cells embedded in a plasma clot. EBV-specific antigens (EBNA, VCA) were not detectable in either cell line. Ia-like antigens, receptors for T cells, acid phosphatase and acid esterase were shown to be present in the cultured cells. The L428 and L439 cell line lacked surface- or cytoplasmic Ig, HTLA, receptors for C3b, C3d, IgG-Fc, mouse E or sheep E, and were devoid of lysozyme, peroxidase and chloracetate esterase. These features do not correspond to those of B cells, T cells, myeloid cells, monocytes or macrophages; the morphology and the marker pattern of the culture cells, however, is identical with that of freshly obtained Hodgkin (H)- and Sternberg-Reed (SR)- cells, except for the lack of Clg in the in vitro cells, which is explained by the culture conditions. These findings suggest that the L428 and L439 cell lines are indeed derived from H- and SR-cells and offer the possibility of gaining new information upon the nature of Hodgkin's disease.
Adult↗
[Surgical reconstructive treatment of patients with malignant metastases in the skeleton].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bone Neoplasms↗
Lysosomal acid phosphatase: activity and isoenzymes in separated normal human blood cells.
The present study was devised to investigate the activity and isoenzymes of lysosomal acid phosphatase in individual normal human blood cells, including the T- and B-population of lymphocytes, with the aim to contribute to the classification of haematopoietic neoplasias on the basis of cell specific isoenzyme patterns. Platelets, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and T-lymphocytes were isolated from blood by gradient centrifugation or immune adsorption. B-lymphocytes were obtained from human tonsils. After purity control and isolation of lysosomes the concentration of acid phosphatase was assayed using the conventional spectrophotometric method. Isoenzymes were separated by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide thin layer slabs. Monocytes revealed the highest activity with 14 mU/10(7) cells, about three times more than granulocytes. T-lymphocytes showed an activity of 2.85 mU/10(7) cells and B-lymphocytes of 1.83 mU/10(7) CELLS. The lowest activity was found in platelets with 0.08 mU/10(7) cells. Granulocytes showed 12 isoenzyme bands, whilst the number for monocyte, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and platelets were respectively 11, 12, 1 and 4 isoenzyme bands. Thus it became evident that the different blood cell populations can be distinguished on the basis of their acid phosphatase isoenzyme pattern.
Acid Phosphatase↗