Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Schmidt.
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A daughter and two sons of possibly consangineous parents died after motor and mental deterioration at 18, 16 and 15 months of age. Spongy degeneration of the CNS (Canavan-van-Bogaert-Bertrand type) was diagnosed on neuropathological examinationtion; the histological findings were almost identical in the patients. Own clinical experiences are compared with reports from the literature; data important in clinical and differential diagnosis are reviewed. Pathogenetical and etiological aspects are discussed; autosomal recessive inheritance has to be considered in genetic counselling.
Considerable quantitative differences have been observed between alkylating agents with respect to their effect on cell multiplication of tumor cells. The ethyleneimine derivative triaziquone is approximately a thousand times more effective than the biologically active conversion products of the nitrogen mustard derivative cyclophosphamide. The main difference may be directly related to the extent to which each of the two substances is able to pass into the cells. After a 60-min incubation period approximately 1% of the cyclophosphamide conversion products have been bound by ascites tumor cells. The uptake of the more lipophilic triaziquone, however, is nearly 50% under identical conditions.
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The cartilaginously preformed occipital region of the cranium is ontogenetically a part of the backbone. The cranio-vertebral junction is unique among the other junctional areas of the backbone: 1. It has not yet been proved that different combinations of cranial and caudal junction anomalies are not combined with cervical junction anomalies. 2. The assimilations of the atlas which are considered to be progressive and regressive variants and the so-called manifestations of the occipital vertebra, i.e. diametrically opposed members of a developmental line occur together with a frequency that is inconsistent with the above assumption. 3. Both variants occur combined with the most serious developmental abnormalities of the cranio-vertebral junction. All described occipital-cervical abnormalities may have clinical significance with extends far beyond an assessment as simple variants (deviations) and includes extremely serious, life-threatening osseous deformations.
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Laxatives are amongst the most widely used and misused drugs. Especially the "irritant chathartics" are associated with severe cell poisoning. Electrolyte disturbances like potassium deficiency may occur as a result of enhanced potassium secretion into the colon. Ultrastructural studies of patients with chronic laxative misuse demonstrate, that this functional disorder is correlated with damage of the colonic epithelial cells consisting in stereotyped lesions as changes in microvilli, reduction and structural defects of cytoplasmic organelles and an increase of lysosomes and dense bodies. The lesions have a focal distribution and may explain the potassium loss from a morphological point of view.
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An eight channel telemetry system is presented which has low dimensions, low weight and is easy to use. The transmission is in the 430 MHz band on the basis of pulse-width modulation in a time-multiplex mode. A standard 9 volt battery offers a minimum of 15 hours operation with an accuracy of 1%. The upper limit frequency is currently at about 100 Hz. A 9th channel serves to monitor the function of the system.
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EEG-results in 21 children with Phenylketonuria (PKU), put on a diet at least since their 3rd month of life, now aged 4 through 10 years, with normal psychomotor development, lacking abnormal neurological signs, are compared with the results in 796 healthy children of the same age. Visual evaluation and frequency analysis of the background activity of the EEGs reveal no differences between children with PKU and controls. Generally, there is no close correlation between mean plasma levels of phenylalanine (phe-means) during treatment, and the composition of the EEG when combined age groups are compared. But a trend can be demonstrated: In the small group of 8 years old children phe-means up to 6 mg-% can be associated with a faster (alpha), and phe-means above 6 mg-% with a slower (theta) background activity. The frequency of metabolic derailment (single phe-values above 10 mg-%) does not correlate with the EEG. Focal and generalized hypersynchronous activity (HSA) is observed significantly more often even in early treated, normally developing children with PKU. In children aged 4--8 years, HSA is associated with a high proportion of slow waves compared with those who do not display HSA. In children 9 and 10 years old, however, no such differences can be seen. It is hypothesised that even early treated children with PKU, in their first years show a retardation in the development of their background activity but catch up by 9--10 years. It still remains uncertain whether further age-appropiate development of the EEG can be observed after liberating or discontinuing the dietary regimen at this age.
Phenoloxidase containing cells (POZ) identified with histochemical techniques in the subcutaneous connective tissue showed a marked increase in their number in response to heteroplastic skin transplantation in the rat. The number of these cells reached a peak of the 6th day of transplantation. From this time on their number gradually decreased on the 14th as well. POZ never invaded the graft, they remained confined to the host's tissue. A similar proliferation of POZ was never observed in the vicinity of skin autografts. The possible role in immune reactions of these cells is discussed.
A. Pyriformis and extensor longus digiti IV muscles of Rana temporaria were denervated by cutting the sciatic or peroneal nerve at various distances from the muscles. Slow fibres were identified by their membrane time constants, and examined for their ability to produce action potentials in response to intracellularly applied current pulses. B. The slow muscle fibres acquired the ability to generate action potentials several days after denervation. The duration of this latent period depended on the length of the peripheral nerve stump, and on the temperature at which the frogs were kept after the operation. C. At 18 degrees C the latent period increased by 0.36 days per mm of sciatic nerve stump. At 11.5 degrees C the corresponding value was 0.7 days/mm. The effect of length of the peroneal nerve was smaller than that of the sciatic nerve. D. It is suggested that the peripheral nerve stump serves as a reservoir of 'trophic' material which is transported towards the slow fibres at a rate of 2.8 mm/day (at 18 degrees C) and seems to block the formation of Na channels. The Q10 value of this transport system would be 2.7.
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The sanation of carriers of Salmonella germs by means of bactericidal chemotherapy in combination with cholecystectomy is not to be expected in many patients with older age or when concomitant diseases are present. Therefore was tested, whether an exclusive therapy with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol (sulprim) is an effective method for the sanation of carriers of the salmonella germs with renunciation of cholecystectomy. Since 1973 up to now 20 carriers of germs have been treated for 12 weeks with daily 2 X 2 tablets of sulprim. Of these patients 84-year-old female patient died of massive pulmonary.
Healthy rats and guinea-pigs were treated with a simple method of continuous peritoneal dialysis for 12, 24 and 48 h. Increasing with time, both animal species developed severe hypoproteinemia and hemoconcentration due to protein loss into the dialyzate fluid. These changes were associated with a high mortality rate, when Sterofundin was used for dialysis. Therefore, protein loss should be substituted and the type of dialyzate must be considered in experimental long-term dialysis using these small laboratory animals.
Observations during 935 anesthesias for implantation or revision of permanent pacemakers are presented. Using different methods of anesthesia we found the light halothane anesthesia introduced by inhalation to be best, provided that only atropine was used for premedication. Applying this method we saw asystolies or ventricular fibrillation in 3% of all cases--3 patients (i.e. 0.4%) died in tabula. Tachycardia (2.4%) occuring mostly during the introduction period were successfully treated by verapamil or practolol. Hypotension (5.4%) mostly took place in the course of anesthesia after implantation of the pacemaker. This depression may be due to a normalisation of the enhanced stroke volume whedication with pethidine or induction with propanidid was followed by comparatively more complications such as exitus letalis (2% resp. 1.5%), cardiac arrest (6.5% resp. 9%) and hypotension (24% resp. 10.5%). Regional anesthesia did not bring specific advantages. The good experiences with soft halothane anesthesia for implantations or revisions of pacemakers include 125 high risk patients (ASA classification IV to VII).