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Biomedical subjects

H Salzer

Publications and source records attributed to H Salzer.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Measuring intratracheal pressure in sheep fetuses in utero].

In pregnant sheep between the 100th and 138th gestational day the fetal tracheal pressure was measured in utero. For this purpose the uterus was opened and catheters inserted into the trachea and also into the amniotic sac. The average values of the intratracheal pressure during resting periods of the fetus were 9.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg (1.3 +/- 0.135 kPa). During long periods only maximal pressure changes of 2 mmHg (0.26 kPa) without any greater alterations in pressure were seen, displaying a pressure gradient of 5.3 mmHg (0.7 kPa) between trachea and amniotic sac. Beside this also phases of stronger breathing excursions were observed, the intratracheal pressures ranging between + 25 mmHg and - 10 mmHg (+ 3.3 kPa, - 1.33 kPa) ("physiological gasps") usually starting with positive pressures. After ligature of the umbilical cord similar breathing excursions could be seen, displaying values as cited above, but mostly starting with negative pressures("pathological gasps"). By a short unique electrical stimulation of the isolated fetal ischiadic nerve, only an unique intratracheal pressure change was seen, ranging between + 25 mmHg and - 8 mmHg.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The influence of premature rupture of the membranes on fetal lung maturity (author's transl)].

In 19 cases of premature rupture of the membranes between the 30th and 37th week of gestation amniotic fluid was collected immediately after rupture of the membranes and within 72 hours for surface tension measurement in the Wilhelmy-balance. The initial values predicted lung immaturity for the fetus in all cases. Surface activity of the amniotic fluid increased in 17 women, in 2 cases however there was no difference in the surface tension values 48 hours after rupture of the membranes. These two infants developed a respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), one of them died. The pulmonary function of all neonates could be predicted correctly on the basis of the surface tension measurement of the amniotic fluid samples collected before birth. The findings support the positive effect of premature rupture of the membranes on induction of pulmonary maturity in the newborn, which leads to a reduction of RDS frequency after premature rupture of the membranes.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison of the surface tension of the amniotic fluid with the compliance of the respiratory system of the newborn (author's transl)].

In 51 deliveries between the 27th and 41st week of gestation amniotic fluid was collected ante partum and surface tension measured with the Wilhelmy-balance. The values obtained was compared with the respiratory compliance of the newborns determined immediately post partum. A highly significant correlation (r = -0.83, p less than 0.001) was ascertained. This finding permits a precise prediction of the pulmonary function of the newborn, especially of the especially of the severity degree of a respiratory distress syndrome already by means of amniotic fluid analysis. The less significant correlation between surfactant activity in the amniotic fluid and gestational age (r = -0,48, p less than 0.01) permits the conclusion that pulmonary maturation represents a dynamic process depending upon a variety of known and unknown factors besides the duration of gestation. On the basis of the results of this study the intrauterine and extrauterine fetal risks associated with placental insufficiency can now be estimated more accurately.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1980

[Evaluation of P/S ratio and surface-tension measurements in amniotic fluid for prediction of pulmonary fetal maturity (author's transl)].

For the prediction of fetal lung maturity the palmitin stearic acid quotient (P/S ratio) was obtained by amniocentesis from 83 amniotic fluid samples of normal pregnancies, between the 28th and 40th week of pregnancy. This ratio was compared with the surface characteristics of the amniotic fluid in the Wilhelmy balance. A significant correlation was established between these two methods (correlation ellipsis r = 0.82, p < 0.01). The P/S ratio curve showed a marked increase during the 32nd and 36th week of pregnancy, indicating lung maturity. The P/S > 3 value usually reached during the 35th week of pregnancy indicates lung maturity. During the same time amniotic fluid samples were also obtained by amniocentesis from 37 complicated pregnancies. The surface tension as well as the P/S ratio were compared with the already established normal curves. A deceleration was found in cases of rhesusincompatibility and diabetes mellitus. In patients with EPH-gestosis and placental insufficiency only a slight acceleration towards the end of pregnancy was observed. Statistical proof of these trends was not feasible due to the limited number of patients in each group. Comparing the two methods regarding the predictability of pulmonary function in infants, the P/S ratio showed a larger number of false positive findings than the surface tension measurement method. Both methods produced an equal number of false negatives. Optimum results can be obtained by combining P/S ratio and surface tension measurements. This procedure is prognostically accurate in more than 96% of all cases.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

[Urinary catecholamine excretion in women with a normal menstrual cycle (author's transl)].

The daily excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine was analysed throughout one menstrual cycle in 8 normal women under every day circumstances. Blood levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and cortisol were determined by RIA every other day, or daily around the time of ovulation. No characteristic cyclic variations were found in epinephrine except for a peak in the premenstrual period, whilst norepinephrine was increased during menstruation and at about the time of ovulation in all women. The cortisol patterns showed no characteristic cyclic changes. Possible correlations are discussed between cyclic catecholamine changes and the well known psychological and emotional changes corresponding with the phases of the menstrual cycle.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1980

[Contraception in preclimacteric women with special regard to oral contraceptives (author's transl)].

During a period of 9 years 143 women at an age over 40 attended for the first time the I. University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Vienna for receiving contraceptive treatment. 71 women (49.6%) received oral contraceptives wiD was inplanted because of either internal contraindications of oral contraceptives (mainly high risk for thrombosis) or negation by the patient. 16 patients were sterilised, mostly with the laparascope. The main side effects in the patients receiving oral contraceptives were nervosity, impairment of libido and complaints in the lower extremities. 60.5% of all women over the age of 40 using oral contraception didn't show any complaints. On the basis of the own results and the reports in literature the advantages and disadvantages of oral contraception in comparison with mechanical devices are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison between lecithin-sphingomyelin-ratio and surface tension of amniotic fluid with regard to the prediction of fetal lung maturity (author's transl)].

Report on 127 children, who were born within 72 hours after determination of fetal lung maturity by means of measuring the surface tension of amniotic fluid with the Wilhelmy balance and analysis of the L/S-ratio. The predictive accuracy of the physical method was 91.3%, of the chemical method 92.1% and of both methods combined 96.8%. The correlation of the two methods by mean of a correlation-ellipse was high significant. However, by comparing the values obtained after different duration of gestation it was shown that the L/S-ratio predicted a mature child on the average one week earlier than the surface tension.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1980

The effect of premature rupture of the membranes on the surface activity of amniotic fluid and on the pulmonary function of the newborn.

In 30 patients with rupture of the membranes at 29 to 37 weeks gestation amniotic fluid was collected immediately and within 72 h. The concentration of lung surfactant was estimated by surface tension measurements in the Wilhelmy-balance. In 19 cases the results of the first surface tension measurement predicted lung immaturity, in 17 of these surfactant concentration increased, the last surface tension measurement being consistent with complete pulmonary maturation. None of these infants developed RDS. However, the two newborn infants, in whom serial surface tension measurements had shown no increase of surfactant concentration developed symptoms of RDS. In 11 patients with apparently mature surfactant values immediately after membrane rupture, further amniotic fluid surface tension measurements showed an increase in the concentration of surface active material. The respiratory compliance was measured in 11 healthy neonates and in the two newborn with RDS. The results reflected those of surfactant concentration obtained in amniotic fluid. Premature rupture of the membranes would seem to constitute a stimulus for fetal lung maturation.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

[Programmed labor. Can RDS be prevented even after amniotomy? (author's transl)].

In 30 cases of elective induction of labor amniotic fluid was collected at amniotomy and surfactant concentration was determined by surface tension measurements in the Wilhelmy-Balance. In two cases surfactant deficiency was detected. Dexamethasone was administered intravenously in these two cases. Surface tension measurements 12 hours after amniotomy predicted lung maturity. None of the children developped RDS. The chances of RDS prevention by intravenous corticoid administration after amniotomy and a delay of delivery in case of surfactant deficiency are discussed.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1980

[Pulmonary function of the newborn and surfactant level of amniotic fluid, following induced labour and spontaneous onset of labour (author's transl)].

The concentrations of surfactant obtained from dynamic measurement of surface tension of amniotic fluid as well as from amniotomy were determined for 26 births, all close to full term between 38th and 41st weeks of pregnancy). The compliance of the newborns' respiratory systems were postnatally established by means of the occlusion method. No pulmonary functionality was accurately identified from amniotic fluid in 92.3 per cent of all cases, and respiratory compliance was in good agreement with clinical symptoms in 25 of 26 newborns. All four cases of RDS were recorded from the group in which labour had been induced by amniotomy, with three of the four newborns weighing more than 2,500 g. These results are likely to show that RDS can develop even in infants born very close to full term and that the risk of RDS following induced labour is higher with significance than it would be following spontaneous onset of labour.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

[Maturity of lungs and bones at delivery. Comparison between surface tension measurement of the amniotic fluid and determination of size of infant knee-joint nuclei (author's transl)].

In 47 deliveries of term infants lung maturity studies (surface tension measurements in the Wilhelmy balance) were performed in the amniotic fluid collected at amniotomy. During the first three days post partum the bone age was assessed by radiological measurements of the epiphyseal centers. There was no correlation between the degree of lung- and scelettal maturity. These unexpected findings can be explained by 1) the biological variability in the degree of maturation of both organ systems 2) the false negative rate of both methods 3) the interesting fact, that those cases with spontaneous onset of contractions presented with a higher degree of lung maturity than those in whom labor was induced by amniotomy despite the fact that their pregnancies were of shorter duration. From the results of this study a certain link between the complete maturation of the lung and the spontaneous onset of uterine contractions might be assumed. With the concommitant use of both methods the false negative rate dropped to 1.2%. Consequently a radiological estimation of fetal bone age should be performed in case lung maturity studies are unequivocal.

Amniotic Fluid↗