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Biomedical subjects

H Otsuka

Publications and source records attributed to H Otsuka.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Immunohistochemical study of corneal allograft rejection in inbred rats].

Penetrating keratoplasty was performed on inbred rats (DA rat----Lewis rat) and the appearance of infiltrating cells in rejection was studied immunohistochemically using anti-rat monoclonal antibodies W3/25 (helper T cell), OX8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T cell), OX6 (Ia antigen positive cell) and OX42 (macrophage). In all cells evaluated, infiltration around the graft occurred between days 2 and 4. In OX42-positive cells infiltration was most intense in the early phase. Rejection occurred on postoperative day 12 +/- 2. Prior to the development of rejection, OX6-positive cells and W3/25-positive cells were dominant. However, during rejection, OX8-positive cells markedly increased, becoming dominant. These changes were not reflected in the peripheral blood. During rejection, the endothelial flat preparation was Ia antigen-positive which not found in normal cornea.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Usefulness of AlaSTAT, a new method for the measurement of IgE].

AlaSTAT is an enzyme-immunoassay method for the measurement of allergen specific IgE antibodies. This method has a special feature in that carbohydrate, nucleic acid and fat as well as protein allergens can be used as antigens. In this study, IgE antibodies were measured by the use of AlaSTAT kits which were able to detect IgE antibodies to protein or nucleic acid allergens, and the results were compared to those of skin tests and RAST. 1367 samples from 479 patients were examined with 20 allergens. The capacity in the AlaSTAT system was larger than that in the RAST system. The correlation coefficient between AlaSTAT and RAST was 0.90 (p less than 0.01) and the correspondence rate was 90.7%. When the rice allergen was used in RAST, a nonspecific reaction was observed at high concentrations of total IgE. However, no such reaction was observed in AlaSTAT, even with total IgE of 10,000 IU/ml. The sensitivity, specificity and correspondence rate to skin tests was 71%, 87% and 75% respectively. The specificity of AlaSTAT seemed to be slightly higher than that of RAST, but the sensitivity and the correspondence rate were similar to those of RAST. From these results, AlaSTAT appears to be a good or better method for the measurement of IgE antibodies in comparison with RAST.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of new system for the detection of IgE antibodies (CAP) in atopic diseases].

An evaluation of a newly developed IgE antibody assay system (CAP) was carried out. There was a clear correlation between IgE antibody titers measured by CAP single and RAST (= 0.642 to 0.979). It turned out that CAP single is more sensitive than RAST and non-specific adsorption of IgE immunoglobulin to the solid phase was assumed to be less in CAP than in RAST. Pathogenic allergens diagnosed either clinically or by in vitro assay systems were compared. The sensitivity and specificity of the CAP system were 94.2% and 87.3%, respectively. CAP multi which binds groups of multiple allergens on the solid phase, was examined for the screening of hypersensitivity to categories of allergens. Statistical sensitivities of CAP multi resided between 63.9% to 86.2%, while the specificities were 98% to 100%, indicating that CAP multi is useful for the exploration of causative allergens. Phadiatop, which fixes multiple inhalant allergens, showed a sensitivity of 89.6%. The specificity of phadiatop was 93.9%, when examined for intrinsic bronchial asthma patients, and 91.2% for normal subjects indicating that phadiatop is more useful than total IgE measurement for the screening of atopic trait.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Prediction of preserved flow to the infarct area based on admission electrocardiogram in anterior wall acute myocardial infarction.

To determine whether preserved flow to the infarct area could be predicted from the admission electrocardiogram and to define the effect of preserved flow on the late results after reperfusion, 20 anterior myocardial infarction patients who were successfully reperfused were studied. Patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) no-flow group (8 patients), with an occluded infarct-related artery and no easily visible collaterals; (2) intact collateral group (6 patients); and (3) subtotal obstruction group (6 patients). From the admission electrocardiogram, the sum of ST-segment elevation (sigma ST), the sum of R-wave amplitude (sigma R) in leads V1 through V6 and the ratio of these (sigma R/sigma ST) were measured. There was no significant difference in sigma R among the 3 groups. The no-flow group had significantly lower sigma R/sigma ST and higher sigma ST than the intact collateral group or subtotal obstruction group. All patients (6 of 6) with subtotal obstruction and all except 1 patient (5 of 6) with intact collateral showed sigma R/sigma ST greater than 2.5 or sigma ST less than 2.0 mV. All patients (8 of 8) with no flow showed sigma R/sigma ST less than or equal to 2.5 and all except 1 patient with no flow (7 of 8) showed sigma ST greater than or equal to 2.0 mV. The regional wall motion was assessed by the radial method at 4 weeks. The mean percentage systolic shortening in the anterior and apical regions was significantly correlated with sigma R/sigma ST (r = 0.75, p less than 0.001) and sigma ST (r = -0.65, p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A study of 408 autopsy cases.

On examination of the thyroid glands in 408 consecutive autopsy cases, 64 occult papillary carcinomas (OPC) were found in 46 cases (11.3%) whose age ranged from 16 to 82 years. Their incidence was 26 of 247 (10.5%) in male and 20/161 (12.4%) in female cases. No definite correlation was found between the incidence of carcinoma and sex or age. All 64 carcinomas were less than 7.7 mm in diameter. They exhibited nuclear characteristics of papillary carcinoma although their growth patterns were "follicular" in the tumors less than 1 mm, and "papillary" in 70% of the tumors more than 3 mm in diameter. The carcinomas were classified into three types according to the presence or absence of capsular formation and fibrosis: encapsulated tumors (ET), nonencapsulated sclerosing tumors (NEST), and nonsclerosing tumors (NST). The NEST (28 tumors) and NST (26 tumors) were found in persons of all ages, whereas ET (ten tumors) were found only in those of older than 53 years. The mean tumor diameters of the three types, 4.57 mm for ET, 2.10 mm for NEST, and 0.85 mm for NST, were significantly different. These findings suggested that papillary carcinomas arose as minute carcinomas showing follicular pattern at any age as NST and then changed to NEST and ET, and papillary pattern became prominent if the tumors continued to grow. Very minute carcinomas were detected in serial sections of two of 27 fibrosclerotic nodules. Occult papillary carcinomas were found at significantly high incidence in cases with adenomatous goiter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Structure Elucidation of Inflexarabdonins G and H: Two New Diterpenoids from Rabdosia inflexa.

From the dried aerial parts of RABDOSIA INFLEXA, two new diterpenoids, named inflexarabdonin G and inflexarabdonin H were isolated and the structures were elucidated as ENT-1beta,3alpha,11alpha-trihydroxy-kaur-16-en-15-one 3,11-diacetate and ENT-1beta,3alpha,11alpha-trihydroxy-kaur-16-ene-6,15-dione 1,3-diacetate, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Herpes simplex virus type 2 meningoencephalitis resistant to acyclovir in a patient with AIDS.

A case is reported of relapsing fatal meningoencephalitis caused by a neurovirulent thymidine kinase-positive (TK+) type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV) that developed thymidine kinase deficiency (TK-) during intravenous acyclovir therapy. A patient with AIDS was admitted for acyclovir treatment of a persistent perirectal herpetic ulcer. He subsequently developed meningoencephalitis. A TK+ type 2 HSV was isolated from a brain biopsy specimen. A progressive and fatal relapse occurred, and a TK- type 2 HSV was isolated from his cerebrospinal fluid. Restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA from perianal, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid isolates were similar, suggesting that they were the same viral strain. Animal virulence studies indicated significant cutaneous virulence in immunocompromised mice models for the TK- isolates. This case is notable because TK- HSV have, in the past, lacked neurovirulence and because acyclovir resistance developed during therapy and caused the patient's death.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Detection of tumor associated antigen, PA8-15, in sera from pancreatic and gastrointestinal carcinoma patients.

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay was set up to measure tumor associated antigen (antigen PA8-15) detected by monoclonal antibody PA8-15. The cut-off value was set at 55 U/ml. Tests on 437 sera samples from patients with malignant or benign diseases yielded the following positive percentages: esophageal cancer, 9.1%; gastric cancer, 23.1%; colorectal cancer, 44.8%; hepatoma, 32.6%; biliary tract cancer, 47.5%; pancreatic cancer, 84%; lung cancer, 30.8%; breast cancer, 16%; benign diseases, 13.2%. Positive antigen PA8-15 levels in patients with gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers, increased with the progression of clinical stage. When antigen PA8-15 was monitored in 11 various cancer cases before and after surgery, a decrease in PA8-15 value was revealed in all resected patients postoperatively, whereas a more than 100% increase in PA8-15 values was noted in non-resected patients. Compared with CEA and CA19-9, the highest positive PA8-15 rate was seen in pancreatic cancer patients. By combining the rates of positive sera obtained with each tumor marker, the overall percentage increased. These results suggest that measuring serum PA8-15 levels will aid in serological cancer diagnoses, particularly pancreatic cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Blocking ELISA to distinguish pseudorabies virus-infected pigs from those vaccinated with a glycoprotein gIII deletion mutant.

A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test has been developed to distinguish pseudorabies virus (PRV)-infected pigs from those immunized with a glycoprotein g92(gIII) deletion mutant, PRV(dlg92dltk). The blocking ELISA utilizes 96-well microtiter test plates coated with a cloned PRV g92(gIII) antigen, a mouse monoclonal antibody against gIII antigen (moMCAgIII): horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) conjugate, and undiluted test sera. Analyses can be completed in less than 3 hours with results printed out by an automated plate reader. Analyses on over 300 pig sera from PRV-free farms, on sera from other species, and on control sera containing antibodies to microorganisms other than PRV showed that the ratio of the optical density at 405 nm for the test sample to the optical density at 405 nm for the negative control (S/N value) was greater than 0.7 for all sera. No false positives were identified. Likewise, the S/N values were greater than 0.7 for over 400 sera obtained from pigs vaccinated twice with more than 1,000 times the standard PRV (dlg92dltk) dose or 1-4 times with the standard dose (2 x 10(5) TCID50/pig). Following challenge exposure to virulent PRV, the S/N values of the vaccinates were 0.1, showing that g92(gIII) antibodies in the sera of experimentally challenged pigs strongly blocked the binding of the moMCAgIII:HRPO conjugate to the antigen-coated wells. Sera of 233 pigs from PRV-infected herds with virus neutralization (VN) titers of 1:4 or greater were tested. All except 2 of these sera had S/N values less than 0.7 and more than 175 had S/N values less than 0.1. Sixteen sera from fetal pigs with VN titers of 1:4 or greater had S/N values of 0.24 or less, but 2 sera with VN titers of 1:4 when tested 5 years prior to the PRV g92(gIII) blocking ELISA test gave false negative S/N values. Twenty-four of 29 pig sera from PRV-infected herds with VN titers less than 1:4 were positive for g92(gIII) antibodies, illustrating the sensitivity of the PRV g92(gIII) blocking ELISA test. Analyses on 7 sera with VN titers of 1:4-1:64 showed that titers obtained with the PRV g92(gIII) blocking ELISA test were from 2- to 16-fold greater than the VN titers. The accuracy and sensitivity of the PRV g92(gIII) blocking ELISA test was further demonstrated by analyses of 40 unknown sera supplied in the National Veterinary Services Laboratories 1988 PRV check test kit.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An outbreak of congenital hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia among calves in South Kyushu, Japan: a pathological study.

An outbreak of congenital hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia occurred between November 1985 and May 1986 in Miyazaki, South Kyushu, Japan. Seventy-three calves had nervous signs of varying severity such as inability to stand, locomotor difficulties, defective vision and difficulty in sucking. At necropsy, 62 calves had macroscopic lesions in the central nervous system: hydranencephaly accompanied by cerebellar hypoplasia in 47; hydranencephaly alone in eight; and dilatation of the lateral ventricle in seven; none had arthrogryposis. Microscopically, all 62 cases involved various degrees of hypoplasia of neural components, such as total or partial thinning of the cerebral or cerebellar laminae. Heterotopia, such as abnormal islands of granule cells or Purkinje cells was also observed. Fourteen of these animals had other lesions such as non-purulent encephalitis, focal gliosis, neuronal degeneration, calcification or pseudocalcification, and cholesterol deposits, activation of vascular endothelial cells and haemorrhage. From the findings, these cases were considered to represent mainly hypoplasia of nerve tissue due to infection with a virus different from Akabane virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on antibiotic skin testing].

Commercially available antibiotics for injection are supplied with test ampules. Users are instructed to dissolve them to make 300 micrograms/ml solution for intradermal pretests to avoid allergic reactions. Sometimes this concentration is too low to prevent anaphylactic reactions. In the present study, we tried to find the maximum concentration for the intradermal tests which would have high sensitivity without giving nonspecific, false positive reactions. We investigated intradermal tests with cephalothin (CET) in a patient who suffered from anaphylaxis after drip infusion with CET, although she was judged to be negative to CET by the usual intradermal test prior to the infusion. Her CET skin test was negative at a concentration of 150 micrograms/ml and positive at 300 micrograms/ml 6 weeks after anaphylaxis, but negative at 300 micrograms/ml and positive at 1000 micrograms/ml 4 and 7 years after anaphylaxis. Prick tests were always negative, even with the maximum soluble concentration of CET, 200 mg/ml. Nonspecific reactions to intradermal tests at concentrations as high as 1000 micrograms/ml were examined with 20 kinds of penicillins and cephems in 51 healthy subjects without histories of drug allergies. Very few false positive reactions were observed, except in 5 out of 24 cases with cefotiam. Intradermal tests at 3000 micrograms/ml, however, frequently resulted in nonspecific reactions. We conclude that 1000 micrograms/ml, not 300 micrograms/ml solutions should be used for intradermal tests to prevent allergic reactions to the injection of antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Change in the zone of apposition of the human diaphragm associated with ventilatory movement].

The movement of the cephalic margin of the zone of apposition (ZOA) of the diaphragm associated with ventilatory movement was measured using ultrasonography in 24 healthy subjects and 45 patients with various pulmonary diseases. A transducer was placed on the lower chest wall, and movement of the cephalic margin of ZOA was measured during maximal inspiratory maneuver and expiratory maneuver from end expiratory position in supine and sitting positions in healthy subjects, and in the supine position in patients. In healthy subjects, there was a linear relationship between inspiratory or expiratory volumes and movement of the cephalic margin of ZOA. Movement in the supine position during vital capacity maneuver was 103.0 +/- 15.6 (mean +/- SD), 106.6 +/- 17.2, 108.5 +/- 18.2, and 114.8 +/- 16.3 mm on the left anterior, right anterior, left posterior, and right posterior axillary lines, respectively. In the supine position, movement on the right posterior axillary line was significantly larger than that measured on other axillary lines (p less than 0.05). Movement during maximal inspiratory maneuver in the supine position was significantly larger than that in the sitting position (p less than 0.01). Movement during maximal expiratory maneuver in the supine position was significantly smaller than that in the sitting position (p less than 0.01). Patients showed decreased movement and great differences in movement between the left and right anterior axillary lines. Seven patients out of 28 with normal spirograms showed decreased movement on either or both sides. These data suggest that: 1) the movement of the cephalic margin of ZOA reflects diaphragm displacement; and 2) difference in ventilatory function of right and left hemithorax can be detected by movement of the cephalic margin of ZOA.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1990

[A case of blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome with CAPD].

The first case of blue-rubber-bleb nevus syndrome treated with CAPD in Japan was presented. As operation for A-V fistula construction could not be performed due to the skin lesions, she was obliged to have CAPD treatment. She has been visiting our hospital for regular check-ups.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Induction of soft tissue tumours in F344 rats by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intra-articular, and retroperitoneal injection of nickel sulphide (Ni3S2).

The carcinogenicity of nickel sulphide (Ni3S2) injected into subcutaneous (s.c.), intramuscular (i.m.), or retroperitoneal intrafat (i.f.) tissue, or the intra-articular space (i.a.) of male F344 rats was studied. Rats were given a single injection of 0.5 mg of Ni3S2 and were observed for 48 weeks. Malignant soft tissue tumours were induced in 18/19 rats (95 per cent) by s.c. injection, 19/20 rats (95 per cent) by i.m. injection, in 16/19 rats (84 per cent) by i.a. injection, and in 9/20 rats (45 per cent) by i.f. injection of Ni3S2. The i.f. injection of Ni3S2 resulted in a lower tumour incidence and the appearance of tumours 10 weeks later than its injection by other routes. The tumours were examined histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically with antibodies against desmin, vimentin, and cytokeratin. The 62 tumours induced by injection of Ni3S2 by different routes were identified as rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS, 35), malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH, 18), fibrosarcomas (FS, 5), and unclassified sarcomas (4). All 19 tumours induced by i.m. injection of Ni3S2 were rhabdomyosarcomas; those induced by s.c. or i.f. injection were mainly MFHs. However, a number of RMSs were also found in groups that received i.a., s.c., and i.f. injections; five FSs also developed in these groups. Four sarcomas induced by s.c. and i.a. injections were not classified. No synovial sarcoma developed.

Animals↗