Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Ohtsuka

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohtsuka.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Intranasal beclomethasone: mode of action in nasal allergy.

The mode of action of topical steroid therapy was investigated in connection with the effects of beclomethasone nasal spray on the three important factors in allergic nasal manifestation: 1) the number of basophilic cells (blood basophils and tissue mast cells) in the nasal mucosa, 2) the sensitivity of the basophilic cells to allergen and 3) the mucosal sensitivity to histamine. The results indicated that of the three factors the inhibition in the accumulation of basophilic cells in the mucosal surface was the most important mode of action of beclomethasone nasal spray.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of the blood flow of the nasal mucosa by the hydrogen clearance method.

The tissue blood flow of the nasal mucosa in normal subjects and patients with nasal allergy was studied by the hydrogen clearance method. The flow in the inferior turbinate in normal subjects and patients with nasal allergy did not differ. The test results were highly reproducible and were almost the same in different anterior parts of the inferior turbinate. The effects of nasal spray with vasoconstrictor and nasal provocation by an allergen-containing paper disc on the blood flow of the inferior turbinate were examined in normal subjects and patients with nasal allergy. The flow decreased remarkably after spray with vasoconstrictor. The flow also decreased remarkably in the mucosal membrane close to the area of contact of the allergen disc, whereas it increased at the area 10 mm away from the disc. The hydrogen clearance method is useful for clinical studies of nasal circulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Basophil leukocytes and mast cells in the nose.

The aim of the present study has been to examine the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, and the number, distribution and antigen-reactivity of basophilic cells. Blown nasal secretions, nasal washings, scrapings and excised specimens of nasal mucosa were collected and examined cytologically and histologically in both light and electron microscopes. Antigen-induced histamine release was also studied in these specimens. The results indicate that migration of basophilic cells (mainly basophil leukocytes in the nasal secretion and predominantly mast cells in the epithelium) to the mucosal surface is characteristic for allergy and that the total number and the histamine content of these cells are sufficient to produce the nasal manifestation of allergy. In conclusion, this study provides evidence supporting our concept of the mechanism of nasal allergy, i.e., that allergic reaction to inhaled allergens is initiated on the mucosal surface, and not in the lamina propria.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Clinical and aetiological study of adenoviral conjunctivitis, with special reference to adenovirus types 4 and 19 infections.

The clinical and aetiological findings are presented on 343 patients with clinical adenoviral conjunctivitis treated between July 1979 and July 1980 at 3 eye clinics in Sapporo. The age of the patients ranged from 12 days to 79 years, and the monthly incidence of the disease from 9 to 83, with clustering in the summer season. The aetiological diagnosis was established in 196 (57%) of 343 patients: adenovirus 3 in 24 cases; adenovirus 4 in 33 cases, including one case serologically diagnosed; adenovirus 8 in 124 cases; and adenovirus 19 in 15 cases. The different serotypes caused different clinical pictures. Adenovirus 19 conjunctivitis was more severe, with keratitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy more frequent than that of adenovirus 3 conjunctivitis. Adenovirus 4 conjunctivitis was generally similar to adenovirus 3 conjunctivitis. The clinical difference between the 2 groups adenoviruses 3 and 4, and adenoviruses 8 and 9, was statistically significant. Although in Japan adenovirus 8 was the most prevalent, adenoviruses 4 and 19 should be considered as causative agents of adenoviral conjunctivitis.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1982

Diagnostic standards for occupational nasal allergy.

Based on studies of 70 outpatients having occupational nasal allergy as well as mass examinations of workers in two industries, diagnostic standards for this condition were evaluated. In practice, interviews concerning the causal relation, frequency, latent period and atopic disposition often provide suggestions, but sometimes give unreliable evidence for the basis by which to diagnose occupational nasal allergy. Both rhinoscopy and nasal smear test for eosinophilia are available, but these only distinguish allergy from non-allergy. Therefore, examinations, such as skin tests, nasal tests and determination of the IgE antibody level, using allergen extract of good quality, are necessary for a final diagnosis.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1981

Important factors in the nasal manifestation of allergy.

To elucidate whether or not histamine can be released by antigen from the nasal surface layer in sufficient quantities to produce nasal manifestation of allergy and which among three factors, i.e., the number of surface basophilic cells, the histamine release from these cells, or the mucosal histamine sensitivity, is the most responsible for the degree of nasal allergen provocation, we determined the allergen-induced histamine release from specimens of the mucus-epithelial layer of patients with nasal allergy and also counted the number of basophilic cells in these specimens after staining by Hansel's method. In addition, we evaluated the histamine sensitivity of the mucosa by the end-point test. The net histamine content released from the specimens of the nasal surface ranged from 25.5--310.7 microgram/cm3, which was found to be sufficient to produce nasal manifestation of allergy. Thye correlation coefficients were calculated as the relationships between the degree of provocation reaction and the level of histamine released from the nasal surface, the basophilic cell number, histamine releasability and histamine reactivity. these values were 0.645, 0.440, 0.481, and 0.155, respectively, and, when they were analyzed statistically, the most significant correlations to the degree of provocation reaction were found to be those between the degree of provocation reaction and the histamine content released from the nasal surface, the basophilic cell number, or the histamine releasability and histamine reactivity (p less than 0.01), in that order.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

An acute variant of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an autopsy case report.

An acute variant of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was described in a 5-year-old boy who showed rapid progression of coma within 14 days of right hemiplegia. He had measles at 3 years of age. The diagnosis of SSPE was based on the following findings: high anti-measles antibody titer in the serum and in the spinal fluid, periodic complex of EEG, and typical pathological changes of the brain. Treatment with transfer factor failed to improve the worsening clinical course. It is suggested that SSPE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute fulminating encephalitides or intracranial vascular lesions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Clinical experience with nasolabial flaps.

The nasolabial flap was used for reconstruction of the nose, lip, and cheek in 23 patients with satisfactory results. From the standpoint of color and texture match, this flap was of considerable value for skin repair of the nose. As for the donor site, the limitation of the nasolabial flap is considered to be about 3 x 10 cm. The nasolabial flap is also discussed from the point of view of recent considerations on its special characteristics and applications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Angiographic analysis of the first metatarsal arteries and its clinical applications.

Twenty-five feet (18 patients) plus 2 traumatically amputated feet were used for angiographic analysis of the first metatarsal arteries. The author classified the first (dorsal and plantar) metatarsal arteries into three types: the first dorsal metatarsal artery, dominant type (seen in 17 feet), the first plantar metatarsal artery, dominant type (seen in 8 feet), and the intermediate type (seen in 2 feet). The serial angiograms taken under optimum conditions were of considerable value in preoperative assessment. Nine toe-to-hand, 1 toe-to-nose, 5 free flap, and 2 island flap transfers in which the foot was utilized as a donor site were successfully performed. Many of the procedures were undertaken with angiograms for reference. Anatomical studies of the first metatarsal artery reported in the literature are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The endocrine pancreas in pyridoxine deficient rats.

Because the supplementation of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) improves the glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes and adult onset diabetes, pyridoxine deficiency has been considered to be one of the factors that cause diabetes mellitus. We produced pyridoxine deficient rats by giving pyridoxine-free food with deoxypyridoxine which competitively the activity of pyridoxal phosphate. In these pyridoxine deficient rats plasma insulin during the glucose tolerance test was significantly low as compared with controls. In vitro experiments of pancreas perfusion showed that secretion of insulin and glucagon was impaired in the pyridoxine deficiency. Since the restriction of diet-calorie caused a decrease in arginine-induced secretion of insulin and glucagon from the isolated pancreas, the impairment of the endocrine pancreas may depend on malnutrition. Pyridoxine deficiency is surely one of the factors that impair the endocrine pancreas by multifactorial derangement of metabolism besides the tryptophan-nicotinic acid pathway.

Animals↗