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Biomedical subjects

H Miyauchi

Publications and source records attributed to H Miyauchi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The ATPase-staining of Langerhans cells in previously stored skin tissues.

The ATPase-staining of Langerhans cells is usually done on fresh, unfixed biopsy specimens. In the present study, we attempted to stain these cells in previously stored tissues of guinea pig skin. The ATPase activity disappeared after freezing or preservation in formalin or ethanol. In contrast, tissue specimens which had been stored in physiological saline at 4 degrees C stained as well as fresh cells even after 14 days.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1991

Localized pemphigoid shares the same target antigen as bullous pemphigoid.

A case of localized pemphigoid is described in which the lesions were only on the lower legs. Immunoblotting of the patients' serum reacted with a 240-kDa polypeptide identical to one of the bullous pemphigoid antigens. IgG1 was detected in the lesional skin and IgG1 and IgG4 in the patient's serum. These observations suggest that the immunopathological mechanisms in the blister formation in localized pemphigoid are similar to those found in more widespread bullous pemphigoid.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Chronic actinic dermatitis: a time course study of histopathological changes.

We report herein a case of chronic actinic dermatitis in which histopathological changes were observed on several occasions during the course of 2 years. The findings were quite different among stages of the eruption. At a half year after the appearance of the lesion, histological findings revealed eczematous changes. However, gradually a granulomatous change appeared with histiocytes and giant cells. Although the mechanism of histogenesis is not clear, the appearance of histiocytic giant cells seems to be unusual in chronic actinic dermatitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The hairless guinea pig as an experimental animal for photodermatology.

Photobiologic reactions to various modalities of ultraviolet light (UVL) irradiation were evaluated in the recently identified hairless guinea pig, Crl: IAF(HA)BR, a mutant from the Hartley strain. The cutaneous changes were observed macro- and microscopically. The animal developed similar but somewhat stronger reactions than the Hartley guinea pig to the UVB irradiation and topical and systemic PUVA treatments. The density of the epidermal Langerhans cell of the hairless guinea pig was significantly higher than that of the hairy strain. The photoallergic contact sensitization was easily induced by tetrachlorosalicylanilide. These results indicate that the hairless guinea pig can be used as an animal model for photobiologic and photoimmunologic investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Immunohistochemical study for the localization of apolipoprotein AI, B100, and E in normal and psoriatic skin].

Recently many new knowledge about the LDL receptors and LDL-receptor mediated endocytosis of cholesterol have been reported (Goldstein et al. 1979). This phenomenon is also observed in keratinocyte. The use of low density lipoprotein-gold (LDL-gold) technique in electron microscopy demonstrated a reciprocal correlation between cell differentiation and LDL-receptor expression in normal and psoriatic skin which is characterized by keratotic disorder and epidermal hyperproliferation. (Mommaas-Kienhuis et al. 1987). In order to study the interaction between normal skin and lipid, and the affect of lipid to psoriatic skin, we investigated the localization of apolipoprotein AI, B100 and E in epidermis. Six normal skins, ten psoriatic skins and three skins of seborrheic dermatitis were obtained. In normal epidermis, apolipoprotein B100 was markedly detected intercellularly, and apolipoprotein E was observed intracellularly. In contrast, apolipoprotein AI was not detected in epidermis. This result showed that keratinocytes expressed B and E receptors on their surface membrane, connecting with apolipoprotein B100 and apolipoprotein E respectively. But this finding that positive reaction sites were found in all layer of epidermis also suggested that anti-apolipoprotein B100 antibody reacted extracellular cholesterol excreted outside from keratinocytes. In psoriatic skin, the basement membrane of dermo-epidermal junction, the vascular walls and perivascular regions in papillary dermis were stained positively by anti-apolipoprotein AI antibody. But the localization of apolipoprotein B100 and E were similar to normal skin, and they were also detected in the parakeratotic regions in horny layer. These results did not show the relationship between cell differentiation and B, E receptor expression on keratinocyte. And it is suggested that cholesterol metabolism in keratinocyte affected the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1991

T-cell subsets in drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. Possible pathogenic mechanism induced by CD8-positive T cells.

A patient with bromisovalum-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis showed pronounced delayed hypersensitivity to bromisovalum by patch testing. Biopsy specimens from the cutaneous lesion and the site of the positive patch test reaction were analyzed and compared immunohistologically. The findings were similar: most of the mononuclear cells disposed along the dermoepidermal junction and migrating into the epidermis were CD8-positive lymphocytes, whereas the dermal inflammatory infiltrates were composed predominantly of CD4-positive lymphocytes. This case showed the potential usefulness of patch testing in evaluating cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis. We believe that delayed hypersensitivity plays a crucial role in the development of drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. Furthermore, potential effector cells with phenotypic characteristics of CD8-positive lymphocytes (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) seem to represent important mediators of the epidermal damage of the cutaneous lesion in our case.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case of Pickwickian syndrome with improvement of obesity-related sleep apnea following vertical banded gastroplasty].

The patient was 22-year-old male who had suffered from hypermotility during sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness, and 270% in excess body weight. Values of arterial blood gas analysis during sleep were 65mmHg in PaCO2 and 19mmHg in PaO2. He was diagnosed as morbid obesity with Pickwickian syndrome and underwent vertical banded gastroplasty. His body weight decreased from 170kg to 113kg four months after surgery and 107kg one year after surgery. The whole-night polyhypnographic sleep study was performed before and after operation and showed dramatic improvement of apnea index which was calculated by dividing the number of apneas by the total sleep time. We analyzed 199 case reports which had noted symptoms of Pickwickian syndrome between 1963 and 1989 in Japan. In many reported cases, body weight decreased transiently but returned to the level before medical treatment. Under these considerations, gastroplasty is a beneficial surgical treatment for the morbid obesity with Pickwickian syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evolutionary changes of immunohistological characteristics of secondary lesions in pityriasis rosea.

In 15 patients with pityriasis rosea, we studied the evolutionary changes of the immunohistological characteristics of the secondary lesions. Many CD1a+ cells were seen in the epidermis and dermis of early lesions. In the well-developed lesions, the number of CD1a+ cells greatly increased in the dermis. In the late lesions, CD1a+ cells in the dermis significantly decreased as compared with the well-developed lesions. Early lesions showed a moderate T-cell infiltrate. In the well-developed lesions, the dermal T-cell infiltrate was dense, and the CD4 CD8 ratio was 2.9. The late lesions had a moderate T-cell infiltrate, in which the CD4 CD8 ratio significantly decreased as compared with the well-developed lesions. Thus, the relative decrease in CD4+ helper inducer cells during lesion regression, concomitant with a decrease in number of CD1a+ Langerhans cells, is in accordance with a broader concept of increased suppressor mechanisms during healing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Follicular occurrence of prurigo nodularis.

Thirty-eight biopsies of prurigo lesions (22 large, mature nodules and 16 smaller, intermediately developed nodules) were obtained from 17 patients with idiopathic prurigo nodularis Hyde who had not been bitten by insects, nor had other underlying diseases. Each biopsy was serially sectioned to reveal its histological structure. In 88% (14/16) of the smaller nodules and in 55% (12/22) of the large ones, a hair follicle was observed in the center of the prurigo lesion. The follicular epidermis and the adjacent surface epidermis showed various degrees of acanthosis and spongiosis. The dermal infiltrates extended from the superficial dermis into the middle dermis in a triangular fashion around the involved hair follicle. It is suggested that idiopathic prurigo nodularis most frequently occurs in connection with a hair follicle.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Increased platelet aggregation in psoriasis.

Platelet aggregation was measured in fasting platelet-rich plasma in 25 psoriatics, 6 of whom were diabetic, 50 normal controls, and 24 diabetics. The aggregating agents employed to induce platelet aggregation included ADP, epinephrine and collagen. Platelet aggregation was significantly increased in psoriatics compared with normal controls. An additive effect was observed when diabetes was associated with psoriasis, with platelet aggregation being further increased by ADP. Platelet aggregability was re-evaluated in 7 psoriatics after they presented with clearing of the rash. The increased platelet aggregation with ADP and epinephrine was significantly reduced when the skin lesions had cleared.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1984

The morphologic characteristics of dry skin in atopic dermatitis.

Uninvolved skin sites in 436 consecutive patients, 6 to 25 years old, with atopic dermatitis were observed during the winter months (from November to February). Ichthyosis vulgaris occurred in 133 patients. Of the 303 remaining patients, only 11 (4%) had generalized dry skin; 191 (63%) exhibited focal areas of dry skin; and 95 (33%) showed only normal-appearing skin. Microscopically, in 41 patients, dry skin associated with atopic dermatitis showed mild eczematous changes. Dry skin coexistent with ichthyosis in patients with atopic dermatitis revealed ichthyotic changes frequently superimposed on eczematous changes. We suggest that in patients with atopic dermatitis the presence of dry skin may reflect mild eczematous changes, a manifestation of concomitant ichthyosis, or a complex of both of these changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Diminished contact sensitivity response in vitiliginous skin.

Thirty patients with vitiligo (ten of the segmental type and 20 of the generalized type) were sensitized with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in a normal skin site on the upper medial aspect of the arm. Challenge tests with dinitrochlorobenzene were performed in vitiliginous patches and in normal skin sites. In vitiliginous patches diminished contact sensitivity reactions to dinitrochlorobenzene were noted in both patient groups, while in normal skin sites a normal delayed hypersensitivity response to the same antigen developed in the same patients. Tuberculin reactivity was not suppressed in vitiliginous lesions. We suggest that diminished contact reactivity in vitiliginous skin might be due to functional changes in Langerhans' cells, or to an alteration of carrier (skin) proteins in the lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Bullous pemphigoid and antinuclear antibodies. Unmasking of basement membrane fluorescence in sodium chloride-treated substrates.

Immunoflourescent (IF) microscopic studies were done on a patient with bullous pemphigoid who had a high titer of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). Direct IF microscopy showed deposition of lgG and C3 at the basement membrane zone (BMZ), while, by indirect IF microscopy, ANAs (but not circulating pemphigoid antibodies) were detected. The 2M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution-treated substrates, in which nuclear antigens were eluted, uncovered pemphigoid antibodies. Treatment of the substrates with NaCl solution unmasked BMZ fluorescence in another set of experiments in which a large amount of serum samples containing ANAs was added to serum samples containing only pemphigoid antibodies. These results suggest that pemphigoid antibodies are able to react to the BMZ in the presence of concomitant ANAs unless bind to the nuclear antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Physiological recalcification of carious dentin.

In order to confirm the ability of physiological recalcification of the human carious dentin, the first layer of carious dentin was removed from the symmetric cavities of bilateral pairs of human teeth, disclosing it by 0.5% basic fuchsin-propylene glycol solution staining. One of the pair teeth was immediately extracted and the other was left in the mouth after filling the cavity with polycarboxylate cement. The Ca content and hardness of the remaining second layer immediately and three months after the operation were compared by an electron probe microanalyzer and microhardness tester. They increased markedly after three months returning to the normal level from inside, proving physiological recalcification. A similar experiment was performed by using bilateral pairs of dog teeth with cavities having artificially decalcified dentin floor. After removing the fuchsin-stainable first layer, one of the pair was immediately extracted and the other was left in the mouth for three months after exposing or filling the cavity with various cements. As the Ca content was compared, a marked recalcification of the second layer of softened dentin was observed after three months returning to the normal level from the inside. The effect of different cavity treatment was slight.

Animals↗