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Biomedical subjects

H Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to H Miyake.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Exocrine pancreatic function test by endoscopic retrograde aspiration of pure pancreatic juice.

The validity of endoscopic retrograde aspiration of pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) as an exocrine pancreatic function test was evaluated in terms of coefficients of variation in control subjects, reproducibility on repeated examinations, and sensitivity for detecting patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). PPJ was obtained from, nine control subjects, four patients with suspected CP and 13 with CP. PPJ was collected from within the pancreatic duct by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla at 2-min intervals for 20 minutes after a bolus intravenous injection of secretin (1U/kg) and then for further 20 minutes after a bolus intravenous injection of CCK-PZ (1U/kg). It was recognized that endoscopic aspiration of PPJ was at least as useful and reliable as the traditional pancreozymin secretin test. Useful parameters included 10-min secretory volume and 10-min bicarbonate output after secretin stimulation, and 10-min enzyme output after CCK-PZ stimulation (lipase output showed higher sensitivity than amylase output). Maximal bicarbonate concentration showed poorer reproducibility and sensitivity despite better coefficients of variation. Lower limits in controls (mean-1.5SD) were 22.5ml for 10-min secretory volume, 2.7mEq for 10-min bicarbonate output, 24.5 x 10(3)U for 10-min amylase output and 3.4 x 10(3)IU for 10-min lipase output.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Decrease of serum triglyceride in normal rats fed with 2000 ppm aluminum diet for 67 days. I. Feeding young rats sucrose, lactose, milk, casein or soy-protein diets with addition of aluminum chloride.

Aluminum (Al) compounds are widely used in drugs and food additives but the toxicity of such compounds is not known in detail except in patients with renal insufficiency (J. W. Coburn and A. C. Alfrey, 1986, Kidney Int. 29, Suppl. 18). In this experiment, toxicity of ingested Al was investigated in relation to nutritional conditions in normal rats having no renal insufficiency. Sucrose, lactose, milk, casein and soy-protein diets were prepared. As the Al source, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was added to these diets at the level of 2000 micrograms/g (ppm). Male weanling Wistar rats were fed for 67 days without any Al effect on body weight gain. After a half-day starvation they were terminated. The significance of difference resulting from Al treatment was statistically tested between rats consuming diet with or without added Al. Serum Al concentrations did not exceed 20 ng/ml in any of the groups. Tibia Al concentration doubled in rats consuming added Al in every diet but lactose. Liver Al concentration increased significantly in the Sucrose, Milk, and Casein groups compared to each Control group consuming diet without addition of Al. No lactose effect on Al accumulation was observed. With Al treatment, anemia and hypophosphatemia were not observed, but a decrease in tibia weight was observed with every diet. Aluminum-dependent decreases in serum triglyceride (TG) concentration were also observed in all dietary groups, without any effect on serum cholesterol or phospholipid (P-lipid) concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

Decrease of serum triglyceride in normal rat fed with 2000 ppm aluminum diet for 67 days. II. Feeding young and adult rats a sucrose diet with addition of aluminum hydroxide and aluminum potassium sulfate.

To confirm the hypotriglyceridemic effect of aluminum (Al), male weanling and adult Wistar rats were fed sucrose diets with the addition of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) or aluminum potassium sulfate (AlK(SO4)2) for 67 days. As in the foregoing report (C. Sugawara, N. Sugawara, H. Kiyosawa, and H. Miyake, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 10, 607-615), no Al-induced anemia or hypophosphatemia was observed and serum Al did not exceed 20 ng/ml. Serum triglyceride (TG) was decreased by aluminum. Serum TG was significantly correlated with the serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration in both the Young groups (R = 0.757, n = 22, p less than 0.01) and the Adult groups (R = 0.727, n = 19, p less than 0.01). Neither serum cholesterol nor phospholipids was affected by Al ingestion. Aluminum caused a decrease in hepatic glycogen in all groups, but the decrease was significant only in Adult groups. Glycerol tri[9,10(n)-3H]oleate was administered by gastric tube into rats fed for 81 days with experimental diets. In all the Al-treated groups serum 3H was significantly greater than in control groups at 3 hr after intubation. At 24 hr after intubation, serum 3H did not differ between Control and Al-treated groups. Total 3H at 24 hr found in serum, liver, and epididymal adipose tissue was not changed significantly by Al feeding. These effects were observed without measurable increase of Al in the serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of time-resolved and -unresolved measurements of deoxyhemoglobin in brain.

Continuous (CW) and pulsed light were used for the noninvasive measurement of hemoglobin oxygenation in tissues. A dual wavelength method of continuous illumination spectroscopy used 760 nm (deoxyhemoglobin peak) and 800 nm (an oxyhemoglobin-deoxyhemoglobin isosbestic point) to measure the kinetics and extent of oxyhemoglobin deoxygenation in brains during mild ischemia/hypoxia. Absorption and scattering were modeled in an artificial milk/yeast blood system, which gave an exponential relationship between absorption and optical path length to a depth of 7 cm. Time-resolved spectroscopy (10-ps resolution) afforded a display of the times and distances of arrival of photons emitted by the cat brain in response to a 10-ps input pulse. The emitted photons rose to a peak in a fraction of a nanosecond and declined exponentially over a few nanoseconds. The half-time of exponential decay corresponds to photon migration over a distance of 4 cm. Exponential light emission continued for several more nanoseconds when the brain was encased by the skull, which plays a key role in prolonging light emission. The exponential decline of light intensity has a value [exp(-microL)], where L is the path length determined from the time/distance scale and mu is the characteristic of the migration of light in the brain. The factor mu is increased by increasing absorption, and mu' = epsilon C where epsilon and C are the Beer-Lambert parameters of extinction coefficient (epsilon) and concentration (C). Thus, deoxyhemoglobin can be quantified in brain tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Spasmodic torticollis-like posture and caudate nucleus monoamine in cats: in vivo dialysis study.

In order to study the monoamine mechanism in the caudate nucleus of experimental spasmodic torticollis, the left side of the ventromedial tegmentum (VMT) was electrically destroyed in cats, and in vivo brain dialysis in the caudate nucleus was performed for determining the changes in monoamines and their metabolites. Six out of 12 animals showed the torticollis-like posture in which the head became deviated towards the side of the lesion by rotating around the longitudinal axis. In 4 of these 6 cats, this posture continued for 3 d until brain dialysis was performed. The extracellular 5-HIAA level decreased compared to HVA level in the caudate nucleus of the lesion side. In the other 2 cats, the posture disappeared on the day after the lesion was induced and the change of 5-HIAA level was less prominent or within the range of the control group. The brain dialysis method was very useful for measuring the monoamine metabolite levels of the caudate nucleus while the experimental model was still alive and presenting the torticollis-like posture. These results suggest, although inconclusively, that decreased activity in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus serotonin neuron might play an important role in the manifestation of the torticollis-like posture in this animal model.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Reproductive, genetic, and dietary risk factors for ovarian cancer.

A case-control study of 110 women with ovarian epithelial carcinoma and 220 individually age-matched controls was conducted in Hokkaido, Japan, to identify ovarian cancer risk factors. Both the cases and the matched controls were surveyed either from 1980 to 1981 or from 1985 to 1986. Ovarian cancer risk was increased in single women (p less than 0.01), and in women with a family history of breast, uterine, or ovarian cancer in a mother or sister (p less than 0.001). Conversely, risk was decreased in women who had experienced a livebirth (p less than 0.001), an induced abortion (p less than 0.05), or who had had permanent sterilization by tubal ligation (p less than 0.05). Each of the reproductive factors remained significant when adjusted for each other using logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio for ovarian cancer decreased significantly with increasing number of livebirths (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, a significant negative association between anovulatory periods and ovarian cancer risk was noted (p less than 0.01). No association was observed for any types of contraceptive methods other than tubal ligation, but the prevalence of oral contraceptive use was very low. A significant positive association with daily fish consumption (p less than 0.05) and a marginally significant negative association with daily milk consumption (p = 0.05) were also observed.

Diet↗
PubMed1988

Free fatty acids in human pure pancreatic juice.

Human pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) and serum were analyzed for free fatty acids (FFAs) to study whether the damage to pancreatic cell membranes in pancreatitis is reflected as abnormal FFAs concentration and composition. Patients consisted of 13 normal controls, 7 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) in remission, and 27 with chronic pancreatitis (CP). PPJ was collected at 2-min intervals after secretin and then cholecystokininpancreozymin stimulation by endoscopic cannulation of the pancreas. The following results were obtained: (a) serum FFAs concentration and composition showed no significant difference between the three groups. (b) FFAs concentration in PPJ was significantly raised in CP through all secretory phases. The rise was significant only in "secretin phase" in AP. In many of the cases with raised FFAs concentration in PPJ, the FFAs composition was similar to that in serum. (c) Arachidonic acid, undetected in normal PPJ, was disproportionately high in concentration and composition in PPJ of eight patients with CP. Two mechanisms were proposed to explain these abnormalities: transudation of serum FFAs into the pancreatic duct and local production of arachidonic acid as a result of the damage to pancreatic cell membranes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Dietary and other risk factors of ovarian cancer among elderly women.

The age-specific mortality rate of ovarian cancer is increasing among women over 50 years of age, but remaining at a stable level among women under 50. This case-control study of ovarian cancer was undertaken to assess the environmental factors which may increase the mortality of the disease in the elderly. Fifty-six women with primary epithelial ovarian cancer whose ages were 50 years old or over were compared with two age-matched control groups. The results of the Mantel-Haenszel analysis were as follows. More cases were found to have never married than controls (P less than 0.05), a larger proportion of cases were nulliparous (P less than 0.05), a smaller proportion of cases had experienced an induced abortion (P less than 0.05) or had undergone permanent sterilization by tubal ligation (P less than 0.05), the occurrence of breast or uterine cancer was more common in the mother or sisters of cases (P less than 0.01), a larger percentage of cases used to eat meat daily (P less than 0.01) or used to eat fish daily (P less than 0.05), and a larger proportion of cases weighed under 40 kg (P less than 0.05). Daily meat consumption was significantly associated with the occurrence of ovarian cancer even after adjusting for reproductive and other risk factors by conditional logistic regression analysis. The attributable risk for ovarian cancer in the elderly was 19.2% for daily meat consumption. The recent change in dietary habits might in part explain the rise of the mortality rate among the Japanese elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Neurobehavioural effects and pharmacokinetics of toluene in rats and their relevance to man.

The present study was designed to determine the critical concentrations in blood and brain associated with specific behavioural changes during and after exposure to toluene. The effects of a single four hour exposure to toluene on signalled bar press shock avoidance in rats were tested. Rats exposed to 125, 250, and 500 ppm toluene showed a decline in conditioned avoidance responses at 20 minutes exposure compared with the pre-exposure baseline, although they recovered to almost the same level of performance as that before exposure. Exposure to 1000 ppm toluene for about four hours and 2000 ppm for two hours produced a concentration related increase in incorrect responses, acceleration of the reaction time, and decreases in the effective avoidance response rate. Beginning at 4000 ppm toluene exposure, the response rate increased; thereafter, it gradually decreased and finally slight ataxia was observed. After 4000 ppm exposure, all rats showed signs of excitation such as a pronounced increase in response rate. From analysis of the temporal courses of the blood and brain toluene concentrations during and after each exposure, excitative performance decrements were noticed in rats with blood and brain concentrations about 27 micrograms/ml blood and 32 micrograms/g respectively. Anaesthetic performance decrements were seen when the blood toluene concentration increased to 120 micrograms/ml and that of the brain reached about 160 micrograms/g. According to our results, the effects on the central nervous system are considered to be a function of both the exposure concentration and its duration, which are closely related to the increase of brain and blood toluene concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Striatal dopamine in acute cerebral ischemia of stroke-resistant rats.

We devised the present experiments to assess the effects of ischemia on the production of dopamine in the caudate nucleus of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-resistant rats. Ringer's solution was continuously perfused at a rate of 10 microliters/min through 0.2-mm-diameter dialysis tubing implanted in the rat's caudate nucleus. After bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery, perfusate was collected at 20-minute intervals for 120 minutes and was analyzed for monoamines and their metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography and an electrochemical detection system. The extracellular concentration of dopamine increased abruptly approximately 3 minutes after the ischemic insult, reached a maximum at between 20 and 40 minutes after the insult, and subsequently decreased. During the 120 minutes, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid concentrations decreased significantly, whereas 5-hydroxytryptamine was not detected. Our results indicate that during cerebral ischemia a large increase in extracellular dopamine concentration in the caudate nucleus occurs, probably as a result of energy failure of the cell membranes. This leakage of dopamine may be a causal factor in the neuronal damage associated with cerebral ischemia.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Angiographic examination and surgical treatment of bow hunter's stroke.

Anatomically, the vertebral artery courses through six foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae, passing through the groove on the surface of the arch of the atlas and then penetrating the dura mater. Because of this anatomical course, the vertebral arteries are often affected by head motion. Stenotic change of the vertebral artery can occur at the atlantoaxial level in head rotation. Such a special type of stroke was named "bow hunter's stroke" by Sorensen. We report three cases of bow hunter's stroke and discuss the angiographic examinations. As surgical treatment, we performed partial transversectomy of the atlas vertebra, with favorable results. The usefulness of this surgical procedure is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Therapy of sudden deafness.

A vicious circle in the mechanism of sudden deafness is proposed. In order to block this cycle, various drug therapeutics, particularly OHP treatment, are recommended. A beneficial effect can be obtained by starting treatment within 10 days after the onset of sudden deafness. In studies undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of sudden deafness, the fact that relapse is rarely observed may be of importance.

Combined Modality Therapy↗