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Biomedical subjects

H Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to H Miyake.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cases of neuroblastoma missed by the mass screening programs.

Twenty-two reported cases of neuroblastoma missed by the mass screening programs were reviewed (six cases in Sapporo City where a quantitative measurement for both vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) is used and 16 cases in the districts of qualitative judgment only for VMA), and some potential factors for missing a patient were discussed. Most of the 22 patients were diagnosed over 12 mo and had advanced clinical stages at diagnosis (III or IV). Of the 17 cases whose outcome in prognosis was available, nine cases were dead and only three cases were alive without any trace of tumor. Fluctuation in the amounts of urinary VMA and HVA seemed to be one of the causes for missing a patient, especially with a small tumor. The comparison about tumor wt, VMA and HVA amounts, and clinical stage between the 22 true positive cases in Sapporo City and 46 ones in the districts of qualitative methods, and the difference in detection rate between the two groups suggested that the qualitative methods missed more patients with a small tumor. The patients who had abnormally high amounts of HVA with low amounts of VMA accounted for a fairly large part of the missed cases in Sapporo City as well as in the districts of qualitative methods. To the contrary, no patient of this type was found even among the 22 true positive cases in Sapporo City.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of propiverine hydrochloride and its metabolites on isolated guinea pig urinary bladder].

The effects of P-4 and its active metabolites in human blood and urine and the effects of 1-methyl-4-piperidyl diphenylpropoxyacetate N-oxide [P-4(N----O)], 1-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate N-oxide [DPr-P-4(N----O)] and 1-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate (DPr-P-4) on isolated guinea pig urinary bladder were investigated. At doses of 10(-6) or 10(-5) M, P-4 shifted the dose-response curve for acetylcholine (ACh) to the right, and at a dose of 10(-5) M, it also inhibited the maximum response of ACh. At doses of 10(-5) M or more, P-4(N----O) inhibited the maximum response of ACh. DPr-P-4(N----O) or DPr-P-4 shifted the dose-response curve for ACh to the right at doses of 10(-6)-10(-4) M or at doses of 10(-7)-10(-5) M. P-4 at doses of 10(-6) M or more inhibited the KCl (100 mM)-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner, and its potency was quite equal to that of terodiline. The inhibitory effect of P-4(N----O), DPr-P-4(N----O) and DPr-P-4 in the KCl (100 mM)-induced contraction were weaker than that of P-4. P-4 and P-4(N----O) had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on K+-induced 45Ca influx in isolated guinea-pig urinary bladder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

[Association between parental occupational exposure and childhood malignancy. A review of epidemiological studies].

The question whether occupational exposure of parents to chemicals, electromagnetism and radiation causes malignant disease in their offspring has gained much interest. The findings to date, however, have been conflicting perhaps due to differences in the methods employed in these studies. A review was made on 16 case-control epidemiological studies. In 11 studies significant relation was observed between malignant tumor (leukemia, brain tumor and others) and occupational exposure to hydrocarbons, spray paint or other chemicals, ionizing radiation and electromagnetism. Conversely, no association was observed in five studies, in which different populations, different techniques, and different control groups were employed. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of occupational exposure of the parents to chemicals and other agents in the development of malignant tumors in their offspring in relation to the employed epidemiological methodology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Burnout syndrome of human services professionals--doctors, nurses, caregivers, teachers and clerks (1). Maslach Burnout Inventory: factor structures for samples of human services professionals, and its relation with Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS)].

During the past decade, burnout syndrome has been widely discussed not only in the USA but also in Japan. To evaluate the state of "burnout," two major scales are available: the first is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) developed by C. Maslach and the other is the burnout scale by A. Pines. MBI is suggested to be independent of and incompatible with Pines' burnout scale, but, Pines' burnout scale is predominantly used in Japan, while both are used in the USA. Since hardly any studies of burnout using MBI have been made in Japan, we measured and analyzed MBI to evaluate the burnout state of doctors, nurses, caregivers, teachers and clerks who are engaged in "human services professions." The available data were subjected to factor analysis, reliability analysis and multiple regression analysis using Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The following results were obtained. 1) The factor analysis showed that the factor loading pattern was similar to that of Maslach's, but two different factors were emerged in addition to the standard factors in the intensity subscale. 2) In the relationship with the state of depression, burnout is closely related to depression but simultaneously has its own factors. This suggest that burnout is not a subtype of the depressive state.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Inhibitory effect of calcitonin on pure human pancreatic secretion.

The inhibitory effect of calcitonin on human pancreatic secretion was evaluated to examine whether the different results reported earlier between humans, cats and dogs can be ascribed to the different sensitivity of these species to calcitonin, as suggested by some investigators. Pancreatic juice was obtained by endoscopic cannulation of the pancreatic duct from 11 patients with relapsing pancreatitis during intravenous infusion of secretin (1 U/kg/h) plus caerulein (0.04 microgram/kg/h). After steady secretion was attained 20 min after the beginning of collection, five 2-min fractions were obtained before, and ten 2-min fractions were obtained after intravenous infusion of calcitonin (1 IU/kg/h). The pre- and post-calcitonin fractions from each patient were compared by Student's t-test. Calcitonin inhibited the secretory volume (26.8 to 65.6%) and bicarbonate secretion (21.4 to 62.0%) in 8 patients, and amylase (48.4 to 89.5%) and lipase secretion (47.4 to 90.5%) in all patients. The present studies reconfirmed that prominent inhibition of enzyme secretion occurs in humans. A new finding was that significant inhibition of the secretory volume and bicarbonate secretion occurs in humans. The inhibitory effects of calcitonin in humans did not appear to differ from those in cats and dogs, when evaluated similarly with the use of pure pancreatic juice.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

CT of adrenal tumors: frequency and clinical significance of low-attenuation lesions.

The CT values of adrenal tumors were evaluated in 36 patients to determine the frequency and significance of negative CT values. Twenty-seven patients had adrenocortical adenomas (13 had primary aldosteronism, 12 had Cushing syndrome, and two had nonhyperfunctioning adenoma), one had adrenocortical carcinoma, and eight had pheochromocytomas. The CT values in primary aldosteronism (mean, 1.8 +/- 9.9 H) were lower than those in Cushing syndrome (27.6 +/- 12.0 H) and pheochromocytoma (35.9 +/- 9.8 H). Six adrenocortical adenomas had homogeneous, low CT attenuation, with CT values ranging from -20 to -0.4 H. Four of these had primary aldosteronism, one had Cushing syndrome, and one had nonhyperfunctioning adenoma. Our results suggest that adrenal tumors with homogeneous, slightly negative CT attenuation are likely to be adrenocortical adenomas, mainly primary aldosteronism and nonhyperfunctioning adenomas. This finding may be especially useful in diagnosing nonhyperfunctioning adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Acute thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome: CT demonstration.

We reviewed the CT findings in 17 patients with angiographically proved Budd-Chiari syndrome to determine the ability of CT to show acute thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins. In eight patients with membranes (web or band) in the IVC, no thrombus was detected with CT or angiography. In the other nine patients, thrombi in the IVC and/or hepatic veins were seen as intraluminal filling defects that did not change in appearance on precontrast and postcontrast CT scans. Attenuation values of intraluminal filling defects of the IVC ranged from 38 to 42 H in four patients. High-attenuation intraluminal filling defects (60-70 H) of the IVC (five patients) and hepatic veins (one of five patients) were detected. Of these five patients, four had acute symptoms and one had chronic vague symptoms. The underlying disease was a web or band in the IVC and hepatic veins in three patients, invasive hepatocellular carcinoma in one, and injury to the IVC wall during hepatectomy in one. Inferior venacavography showed occlusion of the hepatic segment of the IVC in all five patients. Additional angiograms obtained by injection of contrast medium after a catheter tip was placed in the occluded hepatic IVC showed numerous filling defects suggestive of thrombi of recent onset, which correlated with the high-attenuation thrombi seen on CT scans in two patients. In the remaining three patients, high-attenuation areas in the IVC and hepatic veins also were considered to represent thrombi of recent onset because the attenuation values later decreased to 33-42 H. Spontaneous reduction in diameter of the thrombosed segment of the IVC was observed in four of the five patients. Knowledge of the CT features of acute thrombosis of the IVC and hepatic veins is useful in the early diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Aging and exocrine pancreatic function].

To evaluate the effect of aging on exocrine pancreatic function, fecal chymotrypsin activity (FCA) was measured by a photometric method in 62 healthy controls (20 to 87 years old, average 51.0 years), 42 patients with non-pancreatic diseases (31 to 83 years old, average 56.1 years), 40 controls in an old-age home (63 to 92 years old, average 77.6 years), 20 patients with definite chronic pancreatitis (17 to 72 years old, average 53.5 years) and five patients with pancreatic cancer (60 to 76 years old, average 65.4 years). Exocrine pancreatic function showed a significant decrease with aging as indicated by: (a) a significant inverse correlation between aging and FCA in the 62 healthy controls (r = -0.56, p less than 0.001), in the 42 patients with non-pancreatic diseases (r = -0.59, p less than 0.001), and also in the 40 controls in an old-age home (r = -0.52, p less than 0.001); and (b) a significantly lower FCA in the 21 healthy controls aged 65 or more (designated as the B group of healthy controls) than the 41 healthy controls aged less than 65 (designed as the A group of healthy controls). The 40 controls in an old-age home showed significantly lower FCA than the B group of healthy controls. This result was ascribed to the fact that the former group consisted of significantly older subjects than the latter. No significant difference was found in FCA between patients with chronic pancreatitis, those with pancreatic cancer, the B group of healthy controls, and the controls in an old-age home.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Therapeutic effect of stage III breast cancer--comparative study of preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy and non-infusion therapy].

Between January 1977 and March 1988, 111 patients of stage III breast cancer were treated in Sapporo Medical College. The median age was 51.6 years (range, 26-83 years). Menopausal status was 47 cases of premenopausal, 19 cases of perimenopausal and 45 cases of postomenopausal. Fifty-seven of these patients received intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. The anticancer drugs were mainly given by two routes, infusion into the internal mammary artery and the subclavian artery. Continuous infusion of 5-FU and intermittent injections of MMC, ADR or 4'-epi-ADR were jointly or individually made in each artery. Clinico-histological response was studied in 53 out of 57 patients. Clinical response, defined as CR + PR, was noted in 33 patients (62.3%). Histological response according to Shimosato Criteria, defined as grade IIb or better, appeared in 31 patients (58.5%). Non-infusion group contained 27.7% of stage IIIb, against 72.2% in infusion group. The 5-year overall survival rates were; non-infusion group 62%, 5-FU infusion group 34.1%, and ADR MMC group 66.2%. A significant difference was seen between 5-FU infusion group and ADR-MMC group (p = 0.03). The median disease-free interval was 22.0 months (range, 1-77 months) in infusion group and 28.2 months (range, 1-124 months) in non-infusion group. MMC + ADR combination group revealed the most excellent results in terms of the 5 year survival rate and clinicohistological effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Nocardial brain abscess: case report].

A 25-year-old man, who was slightly immunosuppressed, presented headache and right motor weakness due to multiple brain abscesses disseminated from lung abscess. They were diagnosed, by bacteriological examination, as nocardial brain abscesses (nocardia asteroides) 4 weeks after the first operation. In spite of delay in the diagnosis, he was relieved by operations (three times) and chemotherapy including high doses of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim. He was eventually discharged. We stress the necessity of early diagnosis and the efficacy of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim for nocardial brain abscess.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Malignant tumors of the ethmoid sinuses--treatment and prognosis].

From 1981 to 1987, 15 cases of malignant tumors of the ethmoid sinuses were treated by radiotherapy, either with or without chemotherapy. Pathologically, these cases consisted of 7 squamous cells ca., 2 transitional cells ca., 3 anaplastic ca., 1 adenoid cystic ca., 1 malignant teratoma, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma. The three-year survival in all cases 37%. Of eight patients determined to be in stages I and II, 4 patients had a localized relapse locally within 10 months after treatment and a distant metastases developed at a later time in 4 patients, whereas in 7 patients in stage III and IV, a distant metastases developed in 5 patients immediately after radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the right ventricle].

A 32-year-old man was admitted to our hospital suffering from cough and bloody sputum. After the preoperative examination, the most suspected diagnosis was either a cardiac myxoma or a pulmonary embolism. At operation, the cavity of main pulmonary trunk was occupied with a tumor growing through the stalk from the outflow tract of right ventricle. The invasive tumor was not completely removed from the pulmonary tract. Rhabdomyosarcoma originating from the right ventricle was confirmed histologically. The patient died on the 199th postoperative day. A necropsy was not conducted. Diagnosis, operative indication and chemotherapy of cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma are discussed in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Behavioral pharmacological properties of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4) in mice and rats].

Since propiverine hydrochloride (P-4), an anti-pollakiuria drug, increased the spontaneous motor activity of mice in general pharmacological experiments, behavioral pharmacological effects of P-4 were further studied by experiments for spontaneous motor activity, convulsion-inducing effect, and differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedule in mice and rats. A high dose of P-4 (100 mg/kg, p.o.) increased slightly but significantly the spontaneous motor activity level in rats. P-4 (10, 20, and 50 mg/kg, p.o. for one week) did not affect the activity level in mice, whereas methamphetamine caused the reverse tolerance after being daily administered for one week at a dose of 1 mg/kg, s.c. P-4 (20, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not induce convulsive behaviors such as minimal full seisure (M.F.S.), clonic convulsion (C.C.) and tonic convulsion (T.C.) in combination with a dose (40 mg/kg, i.p.) of pentylenetetrazol, which is below the threshold in mice, whereas methamphetamine (8 mg/kg, s.c.) in combination with pentylenetetrazol induced M.F.S. Under a DRL schedule for food reinforcement in rats, P-4 (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) lowered the reinforcement rate, but it did not affect other parameters. On the other hand, methamphetamine (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, s.c.) facilitated DRL responses and lowered the reinforcement rate, mean of inter-response time, efficiency, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that P-4 does not possess the methamphetamine-like CNS stimulating effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of the mass screenings for neuroblastoma in Japan. A study of 68 cases.

Sixty-eight cases of neuroblastoma detected during mass screening being performed by 11 local self-governing bodies of Japan were studied concerning age, clinical stage, and survival rate. Their average ages at the first screening, at the beginning of thorough examination, and at the start of therapy were 215.7, 245.6, and 264.7 days, respectively. This screening, which is aimed at the 6-month-old infants is considered to be acceptable, on the grounds that the majority of the cases (95.6%) were asymptomatic at the time of thorough examination, that for most of the cases (98.5%) the initiation of therapy was at under 1 year of age, and that their 60-month survival rate was 87.5%. However, there seems to be room for discussion of the best age at which subjects should be screened, because the 68 cases included some patients already with advanced stages at the time of thorough examination, and because "false negative cases" were identified besides the 68 positive cases.

Age Factors↗