[Usage of urine FT levels for medication compliance in head and neck cancer with administration of UFT].
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Biomedical subjects
H Miyake
Publications and source records attributed to H Miyake.
[Investigation of UFT and radiation combination therapy of head and neck cancer--mainly in laryngeal cancer].
We studied the effects of simultaneous combination therapy with UFT and radiation for 69 head and neck cases with the same protocol in 6 universities in Kanagawa. Completed cases (cases in which therapeutic effects could be evaluated) totaled 67 patients who could receive more than 40 Gy as a given radiation dose and more than 8.4 g as a total UFT dose. Responder rate at 90th day after completion of radiation in 67 completed cases (CR 57 cases + PR 6 cases/67 cases) was as favorable as 94%. A comparison between 52 cases of the most frequent laryngeal cancer and historical control 113 cases received single radiation therapy by means of Kaplan-Meier method resulted significantly (P less than 0.05) favorable in UFT combination group as for disease free rate in all cases, disease free rate in Stage IV cases, disease free rate in glottic cancer, and survival rate and disease free rate in supraglottic cancer. No severe adverse reactions were observed in all cases. This combination therapy with radiation and UFT was judged effective for head and neck cancer, especially laryngeal cancer.
Adult↗
[A case of arteriovenous malformation in a neonate].
Although arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is considered a congenital disease, few cases of AVM are manifested clinically in the neonatal period. In this paper a neonatal case of AVM manifested as intracranial hemorrhage is reported. A newborn female infant 12 days after birth, was admitted to a hospital with the chief complaint of sudden onset of vomiting and fever. Neurological examination revealed left hemiparesis with bulging of the anterior fontanel. CT examination demonstrated a large mass lesion with hemorrhage in the right parietal lobe. The lesion was enhanced with contrast medium. Consent for surgery was not able to be obtained from her family, so she was treated conservatively. A gradually enlarging cyst surrounding the mass appeared in follow-up CT examination. Her left hemiparesis and bulging of the anterior fontanel remained unchanged, and a rather good general health condition was maintained. Consent for surgery was finally obtained from her parents and the patient was transferred to our hospital three months after the onset of the symptoms. Cerebral angiogram showed AVM with a big aneurysmal sac. The feeder arteries of the AVM arose from the right middle cerebral artery and the anterior cerebral artery. The drainers poured into the superior sagittal sinus. AVM was removed totally by right parietal craniotomy on the 24th January, 1989. Postoperatively, her left hemiparesis started to improve gradually. Her general condition was also good, and she showed no neurological deficits at the age of 8 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
Do the H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and famotidine, modify the degree of renal recovery following renal insult?
The effects of two different H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and famotidine, on the acute renal failure induced by 20 min of renal artery occlusion and gentamicin (240mg/kg BW, s. c., for 3 days) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were treated with either cimetidine (80 or 160 mg/kg BW) or famotidine (4 or 8 mg/kg BW) mixed in the drinking water for 7 days. The low dose of cimetidine and famotidine did not alter the renal function in the absence of renal trauma. However, the high dose of cimetidine or famotidine decreased the GFR by 32% and 22%, whereas RPFR increased by 46% and 62%, and % FENa by 92% and 558%, respectively. The data for the renal function obtained 24 hrs after 20 min of renal ischemia demonstrated a decrease of 54% in GFR, a decrease of 47% in RPFR and an increase of 370% in %FENa over the non-ischemic control values (p less than 0.05). Cimetidine (80 mg/kg BW) or famotidine (4 mg/kg BW) did not modify the recovery of renal function following the ischemic insult, showing 55% and 539% decreases in GFR, 74% and 101% increases in RPFR, and 393% and 461% increases in %FENa over the non-ischemic control rats, respectively. Famotidine reduced the decrease in RPFR significantly during the recovery period following ischemia. In the gentamicin study, gentamicin treatment was found to lower the renal function significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid levels in randomly-sampled urine for the mass screening of neuroblastoma.
Employing 421 urine samples taken randomly from normal infants and 294 samples from infants with neuroblastoma, we investigated the application of values of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and square root of VMA2 + HVA2 to discriminate between patients and normal infants. The establishment of an HVA cut-off level is virtually impossible because of its low sensitivity. In contrast, VMA sensitivity is high, and that of square root of VMA2 + HVA2 is very similar to that of VMA although it includes HVA. Although VMA appears to be able to discriminate well, discrimination employing VMA alone would be dangerous because cases with normal VMA and abnormal HVA would be missed, especially in the first screening for which a mechanical discrimination is performed. Overlooking such cases can be avoided by the adoption of the function square root of VMA2 + HVA2. The present study suggests that the combined use of variables can be more effective than using them separately.
Homovanillic Acid↗
[A case control study of cancer of the pancreas].
We report the findings of a case-control study of cancer of the pancreas, which was conducted in Hokkaido Prefecture. Seventy-one patients with pancreatic cancer were matched on sex and age (+/- 3 years) to 142 community-based controls. The latter had telephone interviews. We questioned all subjects about demographic factors, diet, beverage consumption, and medical and surgical history. Significantly decreased risks were associated with consumption of raw vegetables and green tea. The risk increased significantly with consumption of the fat of meat, boiled fish, coffee, black tea and alcoholic beverages.
Adult↗
[A follow-up study of the elderly in agricultural and piscatorial areas of Hokkaido].
A base-line survey was performed for 3,185 persons over 40 years of age in 1984 and 1985 in agricultural and piscatorial areas of Hokkaido with regards to their dietary habits and life style. Of them, 147 persons died prior to the recent follow-up survey of 1988. As a result of a case-control study of the dead with those of the followed-up group, a more frequent intake of instant noodles was indicated as significantly increasing the risk of death, even after adjusting for the health status at the base-line survey and other confounding variables (the adjusted relative risk = 1.44 per a frequency class, p = 0.049).
Adult↗
Maternal factors of testicular cancer: a case-control study in Japan.
A case-control study was undertaken in Japan to clarify maternal or prenatal factors associated with testicular cancer. Information was obtained from 37 mothers of testicular cancer patients, recruited from the discharge records of nine hospitals in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan. Thirty-seven mothers forming a control group were then surveyed at five public health centers. Each control was selected by individually matching the sex and birth year to a testicular cancer case. Univariate analysis revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the variables surveyed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, however, showed that case mothers had significantly fewer live-births than control mothers when the following four variables were adjusted (adjusted relative risk per live-birth = 0.43, P = 0.025): age at indexed birth, duration of breast-feeding for indexed child, birth order, experience of induced abortion.
Abortion, Induced↗
[CT findings in bilateral adrenal enlargement].
CT findings in ten patients with bilateral adrenal enlargement (six cases of adrenal metastasis, two cases of malignant lymphoma, one case of pheochromocytoma and one case of adrenal hemorrhage) reviewed. Four of six cases of adrenal metastasis showed asymmetrical adrenal enlargement on initial CT scans. Ring enhancement on postcontrast CT was recognized in one case of adrenal metastasis and one case of adrenal hemorrhage (subacute stage). Ring enhancement in the case of adrenal hemorrhage was more clear and smooth than that in the case of adrenal metastasis. One case of malignant lymphoma and one case of adrenal hemorrhage had Addison's disease.
Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
Effects of MPP+ on the release of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid from rat striatum in vivo.
A procedure utilizing brain dialysis was employed to investigate the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), the major metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), on the in vivo release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from the rat striatum. MPP+ (10(-5)-10(-2) M) was administered through the microdialysis probe and dialysates were collected and assayed for monoamines and their metabolites by a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-EC). In addition to a dopamine (DA) releasing action, MPP+ caused a cumulatively dose-dependent increase in the release of 5-HT while concomitantly producing a decrease in the efflux of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). This MPP+-induced increase in the 5-HT release, may play an important role in the acute 5-HT syndrome seen in animals after MPTP.
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium↗
6-18F-L-dopa imaging of the dopamine neostriatal system in normal and clinically normal MPTP-treated rhesus monkeys.
Positron emission tomography following intravenous administration of 6-[18F]-L-fluorodopa was used to investigate the usefulness of PET for the assessment of normal and abnormal dopaminergic function. For this purpose, the incracerebral distribution of 6-[18F]-L-fluorodopa and its metabolites was evaluated in normal control and asymptomatic MPTP-treated rhesus monkeys. MPTP is a neurotoxic compound which destroys selectively the dapaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathways in primates. The 18F accumulation was found to be significantly reduced in the striatum, putamen more than caudate, of the MPTP-treated animals compared to the normal controls. The 18F accumulation in dopamine-poor areas did not differ between the two groups. The ratios of striatum to dopamine-poor brain area were highly correlated to the concentrations of the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid, in the cerebrospinal fluid of the same animals. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that "silent damage" to the dopaminergic nigral neurons may precede the onset of parkinsonism by many years and that PET scanner examination using 6-[18F]-L-fluorodopa may be useful in the detection of subtle dopaminergic dysfunctions as may exist in DA-related motor syndromes and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Animals↗
Prognosis and prognostic factors in chronic pancreatitis.
To evaluate the prognosis and prognostic factors of chronic pancreatitis, 84 patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and 51 with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis have been followed for 1-21 years (average of 7.1 years). The follow-up period was defined as the period from diagnosis to death in those who died and to the present in those still alive. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) Patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis showed a significantly higher mortality rate (26.2%) and cancer death rate (8.3%) than the age- and sex-matched population. In patients with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, however, the difference did not reach the level of statistical significance, although both rates tended to be higher. (2) Patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis showed a significantly poorer prognosis than those with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis. (3) Frequent causes of death in chronic pancreatitis were cancer (11 cases) and diabetes-associated conditions (renal failure in three cases, intractable pneumonia in one, hypoglycemic shock in two, and myocardial infarction in two). Death directly from pancreatitis was observed in four. (4) Unfavorable prognostic factors in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis included heavy drinking, continuance of drinking after diagnosis, smoking, insulin-dependent diabetes, and an advanced age. In nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, however, patients' age was the only significant prognostic factor; smoking did not reach the level of statistical significance, although it tended to lead to a poorer prognosis.
Adult↗
Effects of NC-1300, a gastric proton pump inhibitor, on healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
Effects of NC-1300 (a gastric proton pump inhibitor) on healing of experimental chronic gastric ulcers induced in rats were studied. Gastric ulcers were induced by the submucosal injection of 20% acetic acid (0.03 ml) into the antral-oxyntic border of the anterior wall of male Donryu rats (260-280 g). The healing of acetic acid ulcers was delayed by the daily subcutaneous administration of indomethacin (1 mg/kg) for two or four weeks after ulceration. Aggravation of healed ulcers was evoked by subcutaneous administration of indomethacin (1 mg/kg) once daily for four weeks to rats with four-week-old ulcers. Oral administration of NC-1300 (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg) once daily for two or four weeks after ulceration dose-dependently accelerated both natural and delayed healing of acetic acid ulcers. When the period of administration was extended from two to four weeks, the ED50 values (the dose reducing the ulcerated area by 50%) were decreased from 36.5 to 13.5 mg/kg in natural healing and from 76.0 to 23.0 mg/kg in delayed healing. Aggravation of four-week-old ulcers by indomethacin was significantly prevented by daily administration of NC-1300 (30 or 100 mg/kg) for four weeks. Acetic acid ulcers that were healed with NC-1300 given for four weeks after ulceration remained healed for four to eight weeks after the cessation of drug administration. A single administration of NC-1300 to normal rats and repeated administration of NC-1300 to rats with acetic acid ulcers for four weeks after ulceration caused the same degree of inhibition of gastric acid secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
Mother's attitudes towards the mass screening of neuroblastoma.
Two hundred and two mothers whose infants participated in mass screening of neuroblastoma in Sapporo City, and 200 mothers whose infants did not, were interviewed about their attitudes towards the mass screening. Only a few non-participants (3.5%) thought the mass screening was unnecessary. More than half of non-participations (56.0%) were due to mothers' forgetfulness or to loss of the "Neuroblastoma Screening Examination Set" during the two months' interval between the delivery of the set and the sample submission. Mailing of the set at six months for the purpose of eliminating this interval would greatly reduce such neglect of the mass screening. On the other hand, not many infants would participate in re-screening for detection of false negative cases, since the percentage of mothers who were willing to make their children take part in re-screening for a fee of 1,000 yen (about 7 U.S. dollars, which would be administratively necessary) was less than 60%.
Attitude to Health↗
Mass screening and incidence of neuroblastoma.
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Adolescent↗
Can mass screening for neuroblastoma detect patients with low vanillylmandelic acid and high homovanillic acid?
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Homovanillic Acid↗
A case-control study of non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of children in Hokkaido, Japan.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in cases identified as of non-T cell type, stage I-IV. DESIGN: The study was a case-control investigation. Data were obtained by interview with parents of cases and controls. SETTING: The study was community based and was carried out in Hokkaido, Japan. SUBJECTS: 63 cases were identified. Controls (two for each case) were matched for sex, age and place of residence. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In univariate analysis, BCG vaccination, measles infection, measles vaccination, atopy, hip x ray, and milk intake of mother during pregnancy had significantly low odds ratios (ie, were less likely to be associated with leukaemia), while dental x rays for carious teeth and contact with animals at time of diagnosis had high odds ratios (more likely to be associated with leukaemia). In conditional logistic regression analysis employing these seven factors, measles infection/vaccination, BCG, atopy and dental x ray remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Leukaemia subtypes are likely to have specific aetiologies. Future epidemiological research in leukaemia should take this into account.
Adolescent↗
Placental transfer and tissue distribution of 14C-styrene: an autoradiographic study in mice.
The distribution of 14C-styrene was studied in the pregnant mouse using a whole body low temperature autoradiographic technique. In unsectioned tissues studied by liquid scintillation the concentrations of styrene and its metabolites in maternal and fetal blood and organs and in the placenta and amniotic fluid were determined. The organs which had higher concentrations of volatile styrene were maternal lung, kidney, liver, adipose tissue, and brain in mice killed shortly after injection. Non-volatile metabolites were localised in the lung, liver, kidney, gall bladder, and intestine. There were considerable amounts of radioactivity in the fetuses, though the concentrations were not as high in the maternal tissues. Fetal tissue levels were almost the same as maternal brain in mice killed from one to six hours after injection. The concentrations of styrene and its metabolites in placenta and amniotic fluid were about twice those in the fetal tissues. The placenta seems to play the part of a barrier for the fetus.
Amniotic Fluid↗