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Biomedical subjects

H Koch

Publications and source records attributed to H Koch.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Studies on Salmonellosis in the calf. 5. Clinical testing of Smd-Salmonella-dublin vaccine for oral administration].

The oral vaccine, prepared on the basis of streptomycindependent mutants for administration to control S.-dublin infection, was clinically tested on 2,210 calves of 22 herds. The experimentally obtained findings regarding good tolerance and sufficient effectiveness of oral live vaccines were thus confirmed under field conditions. Good effectiveness of the oral vaccine was reflected in the recorded decline of clinical salmonellosis cases and of calf losses due to salmonellosis, and it was established also by bacteriological identification of S. dublin in faecal samples, histological sections, and material obtained from emergency slaughter carcasses. A comparison between this oral vaccine and "Mellavax" an imported vaccine for subcutaneous adminstration with good effectiveness, revealed superiority of the oral vaccine by almost all criteria of action. Particular importance was attributed to the significant reduction of the number of Salmonella-excreting animals (faeces) following oral immunisation. The oral vaccine against Dublin salmonellosis of calf was disembargoed for production in 1975 under the name of "Salmonella-dublin Live Vaccine Dessau".

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Endoscopic papillotomy.

Obstruction of the common bile duct can now be relieved by endoscopic electrosurgery. This report describes our experience with 267 patients. In 192 of 222 patients with choledocholithiasis all calculi were evacuated by endoscopic papillotomy (EP). The remaining patients had EP because of papillary stenosis. Complications of EP included nine instances of pancreatitis, seven of bleeding, and two perforations. In 2 of 32 patients having EP for papillary stenosis, restenosis has appeared on follow-up. The two fatalities were attributable to purulent cholangitis and acute bleeding. This required to manage these situations. The endoscopic method requires less hospitalization and recuperation. EP and stone extraction are the methods of choice for managing common duct obstruction in high risk patients before cholecystectomy, for retained or reformed stones after cholecystectomy, and for papillary stenosis.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1977

[Comparative study between the surface-active substances präwozell NBX (Nekal BX) and Ditalan WO hc for homogenization and decontamination of specimens for the cultivation of mycobacteria (author's transl)].

In cooperation of eight laboratories the new surface-active substance Ditalan WO hc was compared with Präwozell NBX (Nekal BX) used for homogenization and decontamination of the specimens for culture investigations of mycobacteria in routine. Under routine conditions Ditalan showed a slight, but statistically not significant advantage. Out of 1672 specimens pretreated with both detergents 482 cultures were positive in all, 429 (89,0%) after homogenization with Ditalan and 413 (85,7%) after pretreatment with Präwozell. The rate of contamination of the cultures was low in both cases (about 0,5%). Ditalan had a better mucolytic effect than Präwozell. In quantitative investigations the number of positive cultures was equal with both methods, but the number of colonies was somewhat higher and the time of growth was a little shorter after using Ditalan. In the third part the influence of both detergent-reagent-solutions on mycobacteria of different species was compared to that of physiological sodium chloride solution. The rate of growth was decreased by both the detergents in nearly the same degree. But the damaging effect is caused less by the detergent itself than by the sodium hydroxide contained in the solution used for pretreatment of the specimens.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1976

[New therapeutic methods in gastroenterology].

Operative-therapeutic endoscopy offers new aspects concerning polypectomy, electro- and laser-coagulation of hemorrhages, papillotomy and sclerosing of oesophageal varices. Active and passive immunization in hepatitis A and B will soon become available for clinical trial. The successful synthesis of human gastrointestinal polypeptides may be of clinical significance in the therapy of common gastrointestinal disorders. New surgical procedures adapted to form and function lead rarely to postoperative complaints. Ulcer recurrency seems low when optimal techniques are employed.

Esophageal Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Ultraviolet-induced inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis in yeast strains differing in radiation sensitivities.

The ultraviolet-induced inhibition of rRNA synthesis has been measured during the first hour after irradiation for stationary yeast cells differing in radiation sensitivity. rRNA was isolated and separated on an agarose-polyacrylamide gel. The wild type and a mutant which is possibly defective in recombinational repair show a sigmoidal inhibition curve, an excision-deficient mutant shows an exponential one. From these curves it is deduced that a pyrimidine dimer acts as a transcription terminating lesion as was shown for bacteria. During the first hour after irradiation the excision repair system decreases the number of transcription terminating lesions by 22% in the wild type and 25% in the mutant defective in recombinational repair. An approximation of the repair efficiency gives a value of 7500-10 000 transcription terminating lesions per cell being removed during the first hour after irradiation by excision. Ultraviolet-induced lesions of this kind can partially be removed by photoreactivation. The inhibition coefficients are the same for 26 S and 18 S rRNA in stationary cells, whereas exponentially growing cells show different inhibition coefficients for 26 S and 18 S rRNA leading to the suggestion that the processing of the ribosomal precursor RNA is different in stationary and exponentially growing cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1976

[New aspects and methods in gastroenterological diagnosis].

Advances in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases are achieved by development of new methods and by an improved analysis of the obtained data. New aspects of screening examinations for gastrointestinal cancer in high risk groups concern endoscopic-bioptic methods, the endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography, the ultrasonically-guided percutaneous fine-needle biopsy and immunological procedures. An increasing number of gastrointestinal peptides can be determined by radioimmunoassay. Breath tests may improve diagnosis in malassimilation.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

Malignant tumours in infancy and childhood in the maxillo-facial region.

A series of more than 3.500 tumour cases treated between 1955 and 1974 included 18 children up to the end of 14 years of age. Heading the list of malignant tumours were 15 sarcomata (83.33%). There was conclusive evidence of a relationship between the grade of microscopic differentiation of the tumour and the age of the affected patient. The majority of tumours appearing up to the age of 3 years were sarcomata of the embryonal connective tissue. Those appearing later showed a higher degree of differentiation. The carcinomata were of the adeno-type and the organ affected, the salivary glands. The therapeutic results were more successful than one would have expected for 8 children (53.33%) who had had radical surgery alone or combined with irradiation and chemotherapy. The subjects concerned have developed no recurrences for 5-16 years. Present day progress in highly specialized surgery seems to justify radical surgery even in the child. Oncology centres ought to be created where diagnosis and treatment can be subsidised because malignancies in infancy and childhood are rare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Inflammatory intestinal diseases: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Early diagnosis and treatment].

Early rather characteristic symptoms are found in ulcerative colitis as well as in Crohn's disease. In these patients, but also in an advanced stage, differential diagnosis between these two disorders is possible by means of endoscopic techniques and guided biopsy. In a high percentage of patients with ulcerative colitis good results are obtained with conservative therapy, using salazopyridine alone or in combination with cortisone. Combination therapy with salazopyridine and cortisone seems to offer the best results in Crohn's disease too, however, in a certain percentage of cases surgical intervention is unavoidable.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1976

[The value of the thermocouple in the measurement of the gastric mucosal blood-flow. The influence of the occlusion of the celiac artery and prostaglandin E1 on the gastric mucosal blood flow. An experimental study in animals (author's transl)].

The study has been carried out to ensure the positive evidence of the measurement of the gastric mucosal blood-flow with the aid of the thermocouple (heat-clearance technique). The experiments have shown that the suction pressure of 600 mm mercury column which was used to fix the Thermocouple to the mucosa was indispensable in order to assess the blood-flow in the entire depth of the mucosa. Changes in the mucosal blood-flow are measuured at the same rate in all quadrants of the gastric corpus. The measuring of the blood-flow of a well circumscribed area of the mucosa is therefore representative for the entire corpus. Vasopressin led to a significant reduction of the gastric mucosal blood-flow measured with heat-clearance as well aminopyrine-clearance. There was a linear correlation between the results of both methods. Vasopressin selectively reduces the blood-flow of the gastric mucosa but not of the submucosa, the muscular layer and the serosa. Therefore it seems to be probable that changes in mucosal blood-flow selectively can be measured with the aid of the thermocouple. After previous stimulation with pentagastrin neither mucosal blood-flow nor acid secretion of the stomach were influenced by the occlusion of the celiac artery by 25 %. The occlusion of the celiac artery by 50 % reduced significantly the pentagastrin-stimulated gastric mucosal blood-flow whereas the acid secretion was not influenced. Prostaglandin E1 at a dose rate of 2 mug/kg-h increased significantly arterial and mucosal blood-flow as well as acid secretion of the stomach. In comparison PGE1 administered at a dose rate of 4 mug/kg-h reduced significantly gastric mucosal blood-flow and gastric secretion. PGE1 at a dose rate of 8 mug/kg-h did not produce any significant changes in blood-flow and secretion. The results suggested that the changes of gastric secretion observed with PGE1 were the consequence of primary changes in the gastric mucosal blood-flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Teratology study of two isoglutamine derivatives.

The embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of N-phthalyl isoglutamine (2), a metabolite of thalidomide, and of "K-2004-1c", 2-(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-endo-3-endo-dicarboximido)-glutaric acid 1-amide (4), the main metabolite of the test compound "K-2004" (proposed generic name: biglumide), a nonteratogenic congener of thalidomide, have been investigated in mice and rats. Whereas 2 proved to be highly teratogenic and embryotoxic, 4 showed none of these activities in the dose range from 50 to 400 mg/kg.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗