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Biomedical subjects

H Koch

Publications and source records attributed to H Koch.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Disorders of the blood circulation in the gastrointestinal tract].

Blood flow disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to serious illness. They can be acute or chronic, their cause may be arterial or venous occlusion or hypotonia. Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract caused by ischemia depend on localisation, acuteness and degree of the blood flow disturbance. They may reach from focal and segmental ischemic lesions to extensive necroses of the entire intestinal tubes. The most serious ischemic disease is the embolic and thrombotic occlusion of the arteria mesenterica superior due to previous arterosclerotic damage. Infarction of a large part of the intestines and peritonitis can be the consequence. These patients' only chance of survival is early diagnosis--as a rule exclusively via angiography--and immediate surgery. Chronic occlusion of the arteria mesenterica superior leads to angina abdominalis which mainly occurs after food intake and can last for hours. The reason may also be a general arteriosclerosis. Men are affected more frequently and at a younger age than women. As a consequence of lowered intestinal blood flow these patients suffer from malabsorption and heavy weight loss. Conservative therapy is not effective. These patients, too, will have to be treated surgically after previous angiography. Vascular disease with decreased blood flow as its consequence can be found in a number of inflammatory diseases, in malign hypertensian, in collagen disease and in other more rare diseases as pseudoxanthoma elasticum or Ehlers-Danlos-syndrome. In the case of ischemic colitis arterial and more rarely venous occlusions cause decreased blood flow in the big bowel. A frequent consequence is colitis in the left colon which is characterized by acuteness, pain in the left side of the abdomen and by heavy rectal bleeding. Diagnosis is established by means of endoscopy, barium enema and angiography. Primarily therapy of ischemic colitis is of the conservative type. In severe cases with gangrene and peritonitis the colon has to be resected.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Hormone producing gastrointestinal neoplasms].

1. Due to their common origin from the neural crest the hormonogenic cells of the intestinal tract show similar cyto-chemical and ultra-structural characteristics. 2. Hyperplasiae and tumors of these cells lead to excessive hormone production with its consequences on the reacting organs. 3. Hormone producing tumors can be confined to one organ only, but as multiple endocrine adenomatosis they can afflict several organs. 4. Diagnosis of most hormone producing tumors is possible with the adequate radio-immunologic tests. Radiologic and endoscopic examinations can contribute to the localization of the tumor. 5. Surgical resection of the tumor or of the reacting organs impaired by the overproduction of hormones from the tumor is the indicated therapy. Medicamentous therapy is rarely successful. 6. The growth of most hormonogenic tumors is relatively slow. Rates of survival of up to 30 years have been known, even after formation of metastases of the tumor. Effects of hormone overproduction on other organs can reduce the prognosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

The metabolism of benzyl isothiocyanate and its cysteine conjugate.

1. The corresponding cysteine conjugate was formed when the GSH (reduced glutathione) or cysteinylglycine conjugates of benzyl isothiocyanate were incubated with rat liver or kidney homogenates. When the cysteine conjugate of benzyl isothiocyanate was similarly incubated in the presence of acetyl-CoA, the corresponding N-acetylcysteine conjugate (mercapturic acid) was formed. 2. The non-enzymic reaction of GSH with benzyl isothiocyanate was rapid and was catalysed by rat liver cytosol. 3. The mercapturic acid was excreted in the urine of rats dosed with benzyl isothiocyanate or its GSH, cysteinyl-glycine or cysteine conjugate, and was isolated as the dicyclohexylamine salt. 4. An oral dose of the cysteine conjugate of [14C]benzyl isothiocyanate was rapidly absorbed and excreted by rats and dogs. After 3 days, rats had excreted a mean of 92.4 and 5.6% of the dose in the urine and faeces respectively, and dogs had excreted a mean of 86.3 and 13.2% respectively. 5. After an oral dose of the cystein conjugate of [C]benzyl isothiocyanate, the major 14C-labelled metabolite in rat urine was the corresponding mercapturic acid (62% of the dose), whereas in dog urine it was hippuric acid (40% of the dose). 5. Mercapturic acid biosynthesis may be an important route of metabolism of certain isothiocyanates in some mammalian species.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1977

Endoscopic lithotripsy in the common bile duct.

After appropriate preliminary experiments in animals and in corpses, electrohydraulic lithotripsy has been used for the first time in humans in an attempt to destroy stones in the bile duct. For this purpose, a lithotripsy probe combined with a Dormia basket was constructed. To date, this method has been successfully applied to break fragments off large calculi in three patients, without any complications arising. In one case, subsequent extraction of the remaining part of the stone was possible. The probe must, however, be improved to ensure that the stone is always held centrally in the basket.

Endoscopes↗
PubMed1977

Droperidol in acutely agitated patients. A double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Forty-one acutely agitated patients received an i.v. injection of 4 ml of a double blind solution containing either 10 mg of droperidol or placebo. The need for further medication (5 mg of haloperidol after 3 minutes or individually adapted psychotropics after 30 minutes) was used as a parameter for the evaluation of the results. Three minutes after the injection, haloperidol was needed by only six out of 19 patients of the droperidol group, but by 19 patients of the control group. Thirty minutes after the first injection, further medication was needed by only four droperidol patients and 10 placebo patients. No side effects could be attributed to the double blind medication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical and metabolic studies in the acute stage of Crohn's disease with total parenteral feeding and elementary diet].

The acute phase of Crohn's disease in a 14 year old female was effectively treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and an elemental diet (ED). Acute abdominal symptoms subsided at once. With TPN there was a daily nitrogen retention of 3,2-5.6 grams. With ED nitrogen retention decreased presumably because of the reduced nitrogen content of the oral diet. During the 7 weeks of treatment body weight increased 7 kgrams. Observed skin lesions were caused by zinc deficiency.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

[Studies on calf salmonellosis. 3. Preclinical evaluation of a Smd. Salmonella dublin live vaccine].

Results of preclinical assay, preparation and conservation of a S.-dublin live vaccine based on streptomycin dependent mutants and for oral application are demonstrated and discussed in detail. The used oral vaccine is very good tolerated by calves and results in stable immunity after administration of a daily dose of 5 x 10(10) bis 1 x 10(11) living Smd.-mutants for 10 consecutive days. Complete immunity developes in calves within a period of two weeks after the last antigen administration and persists up to the age of 5 to 6 months. Conserving the vaccine at low temperatures (-15 degrees C) the number of living organism is far-reaching preserved in the first 5 months after preparation. After thawing the vaccine is to be used within a period of 3 days. With respect to the preparation of the live vaccine on semisynthetic nutritiv media some informations are given concerning the improvement of bacterial yield.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

[Studies on calf salmonellosis. 4. Oral and parenteral immunization with live (Smd) and killed antigens].

Reported are results obtained from studies into oral and parenteral immunisation of calf. The approaches had included the use of live (Smd) or dead antigen from Salmonella (S.) dublin and a combination of the two immunisation methods. Live antigen (Smd) was superior to thermally activated dead antigen, when the oral route was used to prevent S.-dublin injection of calves. The above findings were supported by results from analogous studies in which S. typhimurium and S. dublin or live antigen (Smd) or dead antigen, made of the two, had been applied to mice. (One single subcutaneous) parenteral administration did hardly reveal any difference in favour of live vaccine (Smd). Parenteral administration of live or dead antigen proved to be less effective than repeated oral immunisation, particularly when live vaccine (Smd) was used. Immunity not less than up to six months of age against S. dublin wild strain infection can be provided for young calves by oral immunisation, with Smd vaccine (5. 1010 to 1. 1011 live germs/d) being given on ten consecutive days. Calves orally immunised with live antigen (ten repetitive applications of Smd mutants) are likely to develop an antibody titre (H-agglutinins) against S. dublin. Parenteral boostering,using live antigen, has been accompanied by sensitisation due to oral live antigen administration as well as by dose dependence, as was seen from the bactericidal values. Sensitisation was established from orally immunised calves up to three months old (typical booster reaction). Some of it was attributabale to confrontation with wild strains of Salmonella. The H-agglutinin titres of animals aged threemonths in a calf herd with salmonelloses in which all animals had been orally Smd-immunised were close to those recorded from calves in stocks with no salmonellosis occurrence. Under the conditions of oral immunisation, there had obviously been no action of the wild strain which might have triggered intensive antibody formation.

Administration, Oral↗