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Biomedical subjects

H Koch

Publications and source records attributed to H Koch.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Partial trisomy 1q, an uncommon chromosomal aberration in erythroleukemia.

A 2 years 4 months old boy with erythroleukemia (FAB-M6) and Down's syndrome is described. Chromosome analysis of bone marrow leukemic blasts revealed apart from the trisomy 21 a partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1:1q23-->1qter in all cells and trisomy 8 mosaicism. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that a partial trisomy of chromosome 1 in association with erythroleukemia has been described. Previous reports of other hematologic malignancies with aberrations of chromosome 1 indicate that the breakpoint 1q23 is nonrandom and that trisomies of chromosome 1 plays a crucial role in the course of development of hematologic malignancies. This could probably also be true for erythroleukemias.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

[The pathogen spectrum of blood cultures of premature and newborn infants in a neonatal intensive care unit].

The bacterial spectrum of blood cultures in a neonatal intensive-care unit was retrospectively assessed in a two-year study. Analysis of positive blood cultures showed a dominance of gram-positive bacteria, especially of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The resistance of these germs points to vancomycin as the most effective antibiotic. B-streptococci, germs that are dreaded especially in neonatology, were not found in any of the cases. Positive blood cultures were mostly in correlation with clinical symptoms, less so to the leukocyte count and/or C-reactive protein levels. There was no case of death directly caused by sepsis.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

[Replacement of the posterior cruciate ligament and Clancy biceps tenodesis. Technique and results].

Operative treatment of chronic combined posterior/posterolateral knee instability is difficult. If the osseous anatomy of the leg causes a varus loading of the knee, we perform a high tibial valgus osteotomy as first step. Since 1988 we have been using a special drill guide system for reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament. The tunnels are drilled with the instruments placed through the notch and with image intensifier control. We prefer a bone-tendon-bone-patellar tendon autograft or allograft for replacement of the posterior cruciate ligament. The procedure is combined with a biceps tenodesis as described by Clancy. Rerouting of the biceps tendon over the origin of the lateral collateral ligament puts tension on the posterolateral corner and augments the collateral ligament. It was possible to review 16 out of 18 cases treated in this way at an average of 18 months after surgery. Preoperatively, all had a 2 to 3+ posterior drawer and a reversed pivot shift. At follow-up, 10 had a 1+ posterior drawer, 3 a 1-2+ drawer and 3 a 2+ drawer; 5 patients still had a reversed shift. KT-1000 measurements revealed 8 mm (4-12 mm) posterior translation. The Lysholm Score averaged 83 points and the Tegner Score 4.0 at follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Correlation of function and energy metabolism in rat ischemic skeletal muscle by 31P-NMR spectroscopy: effects of torbafylline.

The aim of this study was to correlate function of rat ischemic skeletal muscle directly with energy metabolism, to investigate the effects of torbafylline, a novel xanthine derivative potentially useful for the treatment of peripheral vascular occlusive disease and other ailments of skeletal muscle, and to get insight into its mechanism of action. Phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and pH were estimated at rest, during induced contractions and during the recovery phase after cessation of electrical stimulation in rat hind limb muscles with two weeks unilateral chronic ligation of the femoral artery. Concomitantly, contraction force was measured in terms of tension developed during the stimulation interval. The effects of torbafylline [7-ethoxymethyl-1-(5-hydroxy-5-methylhexyl)3-methylxanthine] on the above parameters were studied after chronic oral gavage (25 mg/kg body weight per day); treatment started the day after surgery and the last drug application was performed the day of the final experiments. Control animals received physiological saline under the same conditions. During rest no major differences could be detected either in PCr and Pi levels or in pH between the different muscles, ischemic or not and treated or not. During compelled contractions, PCr and pH decreased and Pi increased in all muscles. Differences between muscles and treatments emerged as the PCr drop was more pronounced in ischemic saline treated muscles and the Pi increase in drug treated muscles (normal and ischemic) were clearly less marked than in saline treated ones. Contraction force decreased rapidly during the 12 min electrical direct stimulation and fatigability increased from 67% in normal muscle to 88% in ischemic muscle. Drug treatment induced strikingly less fatigability as it was 44.5% in normal and only 62% in ischemic muscle. However, most marked differences in metabolite levels and pH were measured during the recovery period. As an indication of disturbed energy balance, the recovery of PCr, Pi and pH was seriously hampered in ischemic saline treated muscles; especially pH being still significantly decreased during the entire chosen recovery period of 15 min. Torbafylline not only restored function, but also helped the muscle recover faster and better from exhaustion, as all the parameters returned gradually to normal levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Methods for the determination of sulphonamides in meat.

Sulphonamides, due to their important antibacterial effects, are widely used in veterinary practice and animal husbandry. Residues arising from administration without observing withdrawal time sufficiently are normally the parent compounds and the N4-acetyl derivatives, the latter being hydrolyzed to the parent compounds only during extraction under acidic conditions. It is therefore quite conceivable that many authors concentrate on determining these metabolites. In the past decade, we have witnessed a considerable increase in new analytical techniques dealing with the determination of sulphonamides. Among these procedures, especially the so-called multimethods using high-performance liquid chromatography--though sometimes including toilsome clean-up steps--can be mentioned. However, current approaches also utilize gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography and immunological methods. For most of these techniques, a strong trend towards lowering the level of detectability (down to the sub-ppb range) and improving accuracy and reproducibility can be established.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Popliteal pterygium syndrome with special consideration of the cleft malformation: case report.

This report describes a new case of popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) and also a treatment protocol. The patient presented with the complete complex of PPS and additional abnormalities that have not been described in the literature: a sinus of the upper lip, an extreme hypopoplastic prolabium with aplasia of the vestibule in this area, and a velar pterygium.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

[Infections after bone marrow transplantation in childhood].

In 66 children having undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) the occurrence of infections was studied retrospectively. Bacterial infections were mostly found in the early period after transplantation before marrow engraftment. The analysis of positive blood cultures showed a dominance of gram-positive bacteria, especially of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were most important, because of its high rate and the risk of CMV associated interstitial pneumonia (IP), two patients suffered from. Infections from herpes simplex virus (HSV), varizella zoster virus (VZV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) had no influence on prognosis. In fungal infections the systemic aspergillosis was the most important complication. To increase the effectiveness and safety of therapy the serum levels of antibiotics and antifungal drugs should be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A skin MR-marker for radiation treatment planning.

After experiences with fluid filled tubes a gel fitted with an adhesive has been developed, to reproducibly markate treatment ports on the patient's skin. A gel is chosen, that hinders loss of the fluid and smoothly fits to the skin surface due to the adhesive. The clinical use of the gel hopefully will help with the use of NMR image information in radiotherapy treatment planning.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1991

Peritonitis caused by Trichomonas--a preliminary case report.

Trichomonas infections of the abdominal cavity are uncommon and case histories have not been published previously. A patient to whom reference is made this paper developed a combined immunodeficiency syndrome and portal hypertension with ascites on the basis of a cirrhosis of the liver. This seems to have been the precondition for a peritonitis caused by a Trichomonas species.

Ascites↗
PubMed1991

A 37-channel DC SQUID magnetometer system.

A 37-channel DC SQUID magnetometer system has been built for biomagnetic studies. The SQUID loop of each magnetometer serves as the active sensing element, thereby eliminating the need for flux coupling circuits. The magnetometers are located approximately 3 cm above the outer dewar bottom. The SQUIDs are directly coupled to highly simplified read-out electronics using only five wires per channel; no helium temperature impedance matching circuits are required. Each channel can be independently inserted into or removed from the dewar. Using a novel electronic noise reduction technique the system white and 1 Hz flux density noise values are typically 5 and 10 fT Hz-1/2, respectively, including the noise contribution of the in-house fabricated dewar and the magnetically shielded room. The two parts of the data-processing system allow independent handling of the acquisition and analysing task. Two example measurements demonstrate the advantage of the electronic noise reduction method.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1991

New visits for abdominal pain in the primary care setting.

Abdominal pain is a common problem in primary care. Previous studies of this problem are limited by either the age group examined or the clinical setting. Findings of the 1980 and 1981 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys were combined to assess new visits for abdominal pain. A visit to a physician was considered to be for new abdominal pain when: 1) the principal reason for the visit was either stomach or abdominal pain, cramps, or spasms; 2) the visit was not the result of a referral; and 3) the physician had not previously seen the patient for the condition associated with the pain. Abdominal pain was the most frequent reason for a new pain visit. Women sought medical care for new abdominal pain more frequently than men. Most patients saw general practitioners or family physicians for evaluation of their pain, only 5% of patients were subsequently referred, and 6% were hospitalized. Clinical lab tests were ordered in 45% of new abdominal pain visits, while in approximately 20% X-ray procedures were ordered. Seventy percent of the patients were given a prescription, with antacids and antispasmodics being prescribed most frequently.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1990

[Fever of unknown origin--a basic diagnostic program].

Data on 2,028 patients with fever of unclear origin (FUO) were analyzed and evaluated with respect to diagnostic errors. The following results were obtained: Fever of unclear origin is to be expected in about one per cent of in-patients. Most cases of FUO are caused microbially (37.0%). Neoplasms (19.2%) are in the second place. Rheumatic diseases and collagenoses cause fever of unclear origin in 11.2% of the cases. In 16.8% of the cases the cause of FUO could not be determined even after extensive diagnostics. Diagnostics can be considerably shortened and become more effective, if a check list is used, which includes the 15 most frequent causes of FUO.

Decision Trees↗
PubMed1990

Determination of benzimidazole anthelmintics in meat samples.

A procedure for the detection of eight benzimidazole anthelmintics in meat samples using high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The limits of detection are in the range 20-50 micrograms/kg with a recovery of 66-87%. Chromatography is performed on an octadecylsilane column using mobile phases of acetonitrile-water with an ion-pair reagent, with UV detection. For verification of positive results, the drug substances are derivatized to methyl or pentafluorobenzyl derivatives suitable for detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the electron-impact or positive or negative chemical-ionization mode.

Animals↗