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Biomedical subjects

H Koch

Publications and source records attributed to H Koch.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Cleft malformation of lip, alveolus, hard and soft palate, and nose (LAHSN)--a critical view of the terminology, the diagnosis and gradation as a basis for documentation and therapy.

The hope for the improvement of the treatment of patients with a cleft malformation of lip, alveolus, hard and soft palate, and nose (LAHSN) is to review and to compare new concepts and methods. But research in this way presumes an exact, reliable and reproduceable diagnosis and documentation. This article reviews previously published diagnosis and documentation systems, and also suggests a concise and simple system to record a cleft lip and palate diagnosis. The anatomical regions of the cleft are considered as well as their extent. A three way division to record the extent of the malformed regions is proposed. It is a extensively used diagnosis recording system.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1995

Making total quality a clinical priority.

Outlines the introduction of total quality systems into all clinical services within a community-based NHS Trust in the West Midlands. Provides practical details of each aspect of the quality-planning process. Shows the commitment of clinicians to "managing quality improvement".

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1995

[Cariogenic carbohydrates in maltodextrins, glucose syrups and maltodextrin-containing infant tea].

Five maltodextrins and five corn syrups each, seven instant teas containing maltodextrin and one tea produced on a protein-base were analysed for fermentable carbohydrates using enzymatic analyses test combinations and a spectrophotometer. Analysis of the maltodextrins and glucose syrups demonstrated the heterogenicity of this group of substances and also some incompleteness in the declaration of maltose, maltotriose and glucose, sugars typically contained in these products. In standard samples of the instant teas cariogenic sugars were found in concentrations up to 0.7%. As these sugars were not declared in any of the products, the consumer is not able to assess the cariogenic potential of the ingredient maltodextrin. The intake of products containing maltodextrins or corn syrups must lead to an uncontrolled sugar consumption.

Cariogenic Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Cariogenic carbohydrates in maltodextrin-containing breast milk food substitutes].

Ten infant formulas containing maltodextrin were analysed for fermentable carbohydrates using enzymatic analysis test-combinations and a spectrophotometer. Besides lactose, sucrose and fructose an assessment was made of sugars typically contained in maltodextrin and corn syrup, namely maltose, maltotriose and glucose. Total carbohydrate was up to 10.3 g in 100 ml standard sample. Cariogenic sugars were found in concentrations between 4.0 and 7.3 g/100 ml. Declaration of the different types of carbohydrates, especially of maltodextrin/corn syrup proved to be insufficient in some products and consequently the consumer is not able to understand their cariogenic potential.

Cariogenic Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Model for experimental efficacy testing of control measures against Salmonella infections in poultry].

An infection model is shown for testing the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic measures against S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis infections of chickens at different ages. By detecting viable counts in caecum and liver or spleen respectively at weekly intervals after administration of salmonellas (crop instillation) the course of salmonella infection can be grasped. Oral application of the salmonella strains used (S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis) to 1-day-old chickens at a dose of 10(2) cfu/bird, to 8-days-old chickens at a dose of 10(9) cfu/bird and to 5-weeks-old chickens at a dose of 10(10) cfu/bird resulted in a characteristic course of infection but not in clinical symptoms or death. By detecting viable counts of the challenge strain in the organs testing the efficacy of a preceding immunization is possible.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

A conformationally constrained competitive inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glutamate transporter in forebrain synaptosomes: L-anti-endo-3,4-methanopyrrolidine dicarboxylate.

A series of L-3,4-methanopyrrolidine dicarboxylate isomers were investigated as potential inhibitors of the high affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transporter in rat forebrain synaptosomes. Of the isomers tested, only L-anti-endo-3,4-methanopyrrolidine dicarboxylate (L-anti-endo-MPDC) blocked the uptake of [3H]D-aspartate, a non-metabolized substrate. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that L-anti-endo-MPDC is a potent competitive inhibitor (Ki = 5 microM) comparable to that of L-glutamate and L-trans-2,4-pyrrolidine dicarboxylate (L-trans-2,4-PDC). Conformational analysis of L-glutamate, L-trans-2,4-PDC and L-anti-endo-MPDC are used to refine the pharmacophore model of the transporter binding site.

Amino Acid Transport System X-AG↗
PubMed1994

[The primary treatment of velar, palatal and vomer malformations as a prerequisite for normal speech development].

In this article the embryology, morphology, pathophysiology, and treatment of the cleft malformation of the hard, the soft palate, and the vomer are described. A therapy is suggested, which minimizes the risk that these children are suffering from an impaired development of speech. Therefore, it is necessary: 1. to recognize the full extent of the malformation, 2. to close the cleft before the development of hearing and speech is finished as these 2 abilities are fundamental milestones of a normal psychosocial development. 3. Nearly normal anatomical and functional structures are to be achieved with the surgical treatment. Therefore the construction of 2 nasal floors, the correct adaptation of the vomer to the palatal plates, and the intravelar veloplasty with the preparation of the aponeurosis are most important determinants. This treatment can avoid secondary operations to improve the results of hearing and speech.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Prophylactic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: long-term results of a prospective study.

Controlled trials of endoscopic sclerotherapy for the prevention of the first variceal hemorrhage have given controversial results. We continued a previously reported study and randomly assigned 141 patients with esophageal varices and no prior gastrointestinal bleeding to either prophylactic sclerotherapy (n = 70) or no treatment (n = 71). Sclerotherapy was performed until complete eradication of the varices was achieved; recurrent varices were treated with repeat sclerotherapy. The groups were well balanced in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. Patients in both groups who bled from varices received sclerotherapy whenever possible. During a median follow-up of 56 months, variceal bleeding occurred in 7% in sclerotherapy patients and 44% of control patients (p < 0.01). In the sclerotherapy group 59% died, and in the control group 51% (n.s.). In both groups, the mortality rate increased with the severity of liver function impairment. Sclerotherapy was not found to improve survival in patients, irrespective of the etiology of cirrhosis (alcoholic or nonalcoholic) or variceal size (low-grade or high-grade). We conclude that sclerotherapy is a suitable method to reduce the occurrence of the first variceal hemorrhage, but it does not appear to have an effect on survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiologic investigation by macrorestriction analysis and by using monoclonal antibodies of nosocomial pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 10.

A 67-year-old woman was hospitalized with an acute pneumonia of the left lower lobe. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 10 was cultured from two sputum specimens taken on days 18 and 20 and was also detected by direct immunofluorescence assay by using a commercially available species-specific monoclonal antibody as well as serogroup 10-specific monoclonal antibodies. Antigenuria was detected in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays by using serogroup 10-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In the indirect immunofluorescence test rising antibody titers against serogroups 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14, and 15 were found in serum, with the highest titers found against serogroups 8, 9, and 10. L. pneumophila serogroups 10 and 6 and a strain that reacted with serogroup 4 and 14 antisera were cultured from both central and peripheral hot water systems of the hospital. Macrorestriction analyses of the genomic DNAs by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that the isolate from the patient was identical to the serogroup 10 strains from the hospital hot water system. In contrast, the genomic DNAs of 16 unrelated L. pneumophila serogroup 10 strains showed 12 different restriction patterns. Monoclonal antibody subtyping revealed only minor differences in L. pneumophila serogroup 10 strains isolated from different sources. In conclusion, macrorestriction analysis is a valuable tool for studying the molecular epidemiology of L. pneumophila serogroup 10.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Pulverisation of calcified and non-calcified gall bladder stones: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy used alone.

Using a modified electromagnetic lithotripter (Siemens), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed in 260 patients with gall bladder stones. Exclusion criteria for treatment were a non-functioning gall bladder, subcostal gall bladder location, and multiple stones occupying more than three quarters of the gall bladder volume. Stone pulverisation was the end point of ESWL. The number of shock wave discharges and sessions was not limited. Pulverisation was achieved in 250 patients (96.1%) after a median of three ESWL sessions (range 1-21). The number of sessions required depended upon stone composition and burden. More than three sessions were required in 60.2% of patients with calcified stones compared with 35.9% of patients with non-calcified stones (p < 0.001). 65.8% of patients with stones measuring more than 30 mm in total diameter required more than three sessions compared with 42.9% of patients with a stone burden less than 30 mm (p < 0.01). At 18-24 (8-12) months follow up, stone clearance was achieved in 94.3% (80.4%) of patients with non-calcified stones, compared with 89.5% (76.8%) in patients with calcified stones and in 75% (71.4%) of patients with a total stone diameter more than 30 mm compared with 95.7% (80.4%) for patients with a total stone diameter less than 30 mm (p < 0.05). ESWL related complications (gross haematuria) occurred in three patients. Thirty six (13.8%) patients experienced biliary colic; four had cholecystectomy, and five endoscopic papillotomy because of common bile duct obstruction. Stone recurrence was seen in 5.3% of patients over a follow up period of up to two years (median 16.6 months).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Fast perfluorocarbon imaging using 19F U-FLARE.

The application of an ultra-fast low angle RARE technique for the 19F imaging of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) used as temporary blood substitutes is described. This sequence is attractive for fast 19F imaging studies that measure the biodistribution of PFCs in vivo, due to its high signal-to-noise ratio. Extensions of this technique for the chemical shift selective measurement of fluorine T1 values are presented. Using the linear dependence between the oxygen partial pressure (pO2) and the T1 relaxation rate of PFC resonances this technique makes possible the fast in vivo measurement of oxygen tension. Using the sequence in a diffusion sensitized form 19F measurements of the diffusion constants of PFCs are also presented. Phantom experiments to test the methods, and in vivo images obtained in rat studies are given and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Vaccines in salmonellosis control in animals.

1. It has been demonstrated that it was possible, under the conditions of the former GDR (East Germany), to decisively decrease the occurrence of Salmonella in livestock by means of the consequent combination of a good management including hygienic measures and of immunoprophylactic measures. This is one of the most important conditions for reducing the risk of food poisoning in man. 2. If using Salmonella live vaccines, cross immunity can be put to use. 3. Amount and duration of Salmonella shedding by calves can be decreased using orally administered live vaccines. 4. The immunogenicity of the S. typhimurium mutant serving as vaccine strain for Zoosaloral "Dessau" was retained after its 60-MDa plasmid had been deleted.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Influence of the ratio between wheat straw and ground barley, ground corn or dried sugar beet pulp on in sacco dry matter degradation of ryegrass and wheat straw, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility in sheep.

Castrated male sheep were fed with 5 different rations varying in the straw to concentrate ratio between 100: 0, 75: 25, 50: 50, 25: 75 and 0: 100. Ground barley, ground corn and dried sugar beet pulp were used as concentrate sources. Chopped winter wheat straw was fed as roughage source. All rations were supplemented with a protein-mineral-vitamin-premix. In sacco dry matter degradability of artificially dried ryegrass, untreated and ammonia treated wheat straw was measured within three rumen fistulated sheep. Nylon bags were incubated for 48 h in the rumen of sheep. Volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid were determined by gas chromatography. Samples were taken via rumen fistula 3 h after morning feeding. Apparent digestibility of organic matter and fibre fractions of total rations were determined within five sheep. Increased concentrate portion decreased in sacco dry matter degradability of incubated roughages. Decrease of dry matter degradability was much higher for ammonia treated (from 55.0 to 22.5%) and untreated straw (from 50.9 to 22.7%) than for ryegrass (from 75.6 to 69.2%), when concentrate increased from 0 to 100% of ration. The highest concentrate portions did not show any increase of degradability of ammonia treated straw. Specific concentrate effects were observed when 75 and 100% concentrate were fed (unphysiological level). Ground barley as concentrate source decreased rumen pH to a larger extent (down to 5.18) than corn and sugar beet pulp (down to 5.60 and 5.57). Sheep suffered from rumen acidosis in some cases. Higher concentrate levels increased concentration of total volatile fatty acids of rumen liquid and molar concentration of propionate and butyrate, but decreased acetate. Various concentrate sources showed different influences on parameters of rumen fermentation. Apparent digestibility of organic matter of total rations increased from 52.7 to 86.1% if concentrate portions enhanced from 0 to 100%. High portions of ground barley decreased cellulolytic activity and fibre digestion. On the other hand high levels of sugar beet pulp increased digestibility of crude fibre and neutral detergent fibre.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

Periodontal health of the population in eastern Germany (former GDR).

The periodontal status of 1688 inhabitants of eastern Germany (former GDR) was investigated between July 1991 and March 1992, using the CPITN. The results show that only 1.4% of those examined have a healthy periodontal apparatus, whereas 40.1% had some signs of severe periodontitis (CPITN 4). This implies a very high therapy requirement in all age-groups, with 93.1% of 15- to 19-year-olds in need of peridontal treatment (CPITN 1 + 2 + 3 + 4). A comparison between educational qualifications and frequency of brushing or routine dental checks reveals a better level of prophylaxis in the more educated classes. As expected, the CPITN code with good oral hygiene and regular dental checks was significantly lower than with poor oral hygiene and infrequent dental checks. The high prevalence of periodontal disease lends urgency to the development of an extensive prevention concept introduced in childhood.

Adolescent↗