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Biomedical subjects

H Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to H Kawashima.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Intracavernous injection of vasoactive drugs for treating erectile impotence].

Intracavernous injection of various vasoactive drugs was performed in six erectile failure patients. The effects of each drug were evaluated in four grades: complete functional erection, incomplete functional erection, nonfunctional expansion and no effect. When papaverine hydrochloride (40 mg/ml) was administered, 4 of the 6 patients had nonfunctional expansion. By administering a mixture of 80 mg/ml papaverine hydrochloride with 1.0 mg/ml phentolamine mesylate, nonfunctional expansion was seen in four patients and incomplete functional erection in two patients. As for the effects of prostaglandin E1, incomplete functional erections were seen in all patients, while complete functional erection was seen in two patients. These findings indicated that the patients reacted differently to the same vasoactive drug, and that the papaverine and phentolamine mixture had a stronger effect than papaverine alone, while prostaglandin E1 had the strongest effect on erection. Intracavernous injection of the these drugs is useful for the treatment and differential diagnosis of impotence.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effects of a new immunosuppressive agent, FK506, on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats.

A comparative study was carried out between cyclosporine and a new immunosuppressive agent, FK506, isolated from the Streptomyces organism. This agent has the capacities to suppress the development of S-antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) as well as immune responses to S-antigen in rats immunized with the antigen. When administered daily beginning on the day of immunization and for 14 days thereafter, FK506 at doses between 0.1 and 1 mg/kg suppressed EAU in a dose-dependent manner. Complete inhibition of EAU was achieved at doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg. Cyclosporine (1-20 mg/kg) also produced a dose-dependent suppression of EAU and only the highest dose (20 mg/kg) caused complete inhibition of the disease. On the basis of the dose-response study, the capacity of FK506 in preventing EAU induction is 10-30 times more intense than that of cyclosporine. In addition, the FK506 (1 and 3 mg/kg) was found to be effective in preventing EAU even when administered only in the early induction phase (days 0-5) or late effector phase (days 7-12). Similar effects were obtained by cyclosporine at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg. Furthermore, none of the rats immunized with S-antigen and treated with FK506 (1 mg/kg) on days 0-14 developed EAU when reimmunized with S-antigen on day 30. In contrast, similarly treated rats were fully susceptible to the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, or even to EAU when immunized with another retinal antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. Therefore, as with cyclosporine, as demonstrated in our previous study, FK506 has the capacity to induce immunological unresponsiveness specific to the S-antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland: report of a case].

A 50-year-old male was admitted to our municipal hospital because of his right suprarenal tumor which had been found by ultrasonography by chance at National Toneyama Hospital. His physical examination was normal except for obesity. Hematological examination and blood chemistry were normal and no endocrine disorder was found. Excretory urogram revealed neither deformity of the collecting system nor displacement of the right kidney. Computed tomography visualized sharp marginated in homogeneous structured mass of different densities within the negative range. Angiography revealed hypovascularity of the tumor. Right adrenalectomy was performed and the specimen weighed 72 g. Histopathologically is consisted of adult fat tissue and hematopoietic tissue. In addition to our case, 17 cases of surgically removed myelolipoma reported in the Japanese literature are reviewed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of metoprolol in patients with renal hypertension].

Eighteen patients with renal hypertension were treated with metoprolol (Seloken) for more than 3 months. Compared with the pretreatment value, the mean blood pressure decreased by 6.0, 11.2, 9.2 and 12.2 mmHg, after 2 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment with metoprolol, respectively. All the differences observed were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The blood pressure lowering effect of metoprolol was observed in 12 of the 17 patients (70.6%) examined. Decrease in plasma renin activity was seen in most of the responders. Although the number of patients was limited, the plasma level of metoprolol was also measured. The results indicated no sign of accumulation of metoprolol in the body. Moderate deterioration in renal function was observed in 1 patient but the treatment with metoprolol could be continued. Metoprolol administration had to be discontinued in 1 patient, who developed asthma. There were no other serious side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical efficacy of flucytosine on urinary candidiasis].

An antifungal agent (Flucytosine) was used to treat urinary candidiasis in 9 patients who had an indwelling catheter and developed fungal colony counts greater than 10(4). Among 9 patients with catheter drainage, urologic underlying diseases were benign prostatic hyperplasia in 7 and a neurogenic bladder in one patient all of whom had accompanied diabetes mellitus. Only one patient was supravesically diverted from the upper urinary tract through an indwelling catheter of bilateral ureterocutaneostomy after the removal of a tumorous bladder. All patients had previously received antimicrobials. Isolated strains of Candida were Candida albicans in 6, Candida tropicalis in 2, and Candida parapsilosis in one patient. Out of 9 patients having received daily administration of 1,500 mg Flucytosine for 2 weeks, 7 patients subsequently had no yield of fungal colony after the treatment. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this agent was determined at the range of 0.1 to 0.2 microgram/ml in 5 patients with C. albicans and 0.2 microgram/ml in both patients with C. tropicalis. Otherwise, a high MIC of over 100 micrograms/ml indicating resistance to this agent was observed in only 2 patients with C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. Three of the 7 patients had recurrent urinary Candida infection even 2 weeks after the discontinuation of this antifungal therapy despite rapid and excellent eradication of urinary candidiasis. From these results, Flucytosine may be one of the most promising antifungal agent with a low MIC in the treatment of compromised urinary Candida infection and should be occasionally supplemented with a topical instillation of amphotericin B without any serious complication in the prevention of recurrence.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Minocycline diffusion into prostatic tissue].

We evaluated the concentration of minocycline in human prostatic tissue. Twenty-six patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate, two patients undergoing open prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia and two patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer were studied. Prostatic tissue and blood were sampled at 1, 2 or 3 hours after the intravenous administration of 200 mg of minocycline. The concentration of minocycline was 2.95 +/- 1.39 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) in serum and 1.97 +/- 0.79 cg/g (mean +/- SD) in the prostatic tissue. The ratio of the prostatic concentration/serum concentration was 0.76 +/- 0.33 (mean +/- SD).

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Experience with the Stamey method for stress incontinence and cystocele vaginalis].

Endoscopic needle suspension of the vesical neck (Stamey) was used in 4 cases of stress incontinence and 4 cases of cystocele vaginalis. In cystocele vaginalis, this method was done following anterior colporrhaphy. In postoperative examination of chain cystourethrogram, posterior urethrovesical angle, anterior urethral inclination angle and base plate of bladder were remarkably improved. In the 13 other women with stress incontinence, chain cystourethrogram showed that posterior urethrovesical angle and anterior urethral inclination angle were greater and bladder base plate was lower in the older group (over 50 years) than in the younger group (under 50 years). These results indicated that there were some difference in the factors of stress incontinence between the younger group and older group with stress incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies of varicocele. 2: Radiographic examination and measurement of spermatic vein pressure in varicocele patients].

There are two types of internal spermatic veins (ISV) by radiographic examinations. In type 1, ISV is dilated with some collateral venous branches. On the other hand, ISV of type 2 is narrowed with increased collateral venous branches or abnormalities such as the circumaortic renal are seen. In these groups, pressure of renal vein and ISV were measured. As a result, renal vein pressure was about the same in type 1 as in the controls at 9.5 +/- 2.3 cmH2O but was higher in type 2 at 17.0 +/- 2.8 cmH2O. As for ISV, it was also about the same in type 2 as in the controls at 13.9 +/- 6.8 cmH2O but was markedly higher in type 2 at 33.3 +/- 3.9 cmH2O. When selective renal venography was performed, a contrast medium back-flow was seen in 9 out of 11 type 1 varicocele patients, but it was not seen in any of the cases with the nutcracker phenomenon. These results suggested that type 1 may be caused by the structural and functional disorders in the valve between the renal vein and ISV. In contrast, pathogenesis of type 2 varicocele may be due to an abnormality of the ISV in the embryo.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in a vascular smooth muscle cell line derived from rat aorta.

The presence of a specific receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) was investigated in a cell line A7r5 derived from fetal aorta. 1,25(OH)2[3H]D3 binding to cytosol was saturated at 0.6-1 nM, and Scatchard analysis yielded dissociation constant and binding sites, (3.02 +/- 0.4) X 10(-11) M and 33.9 +/- 5.8 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Sucrose density gradient analysis revealed the sedimentation constant 3.2 S. Furthermore, the receptor protein had affinity for DNA-cellulose column and eluted with 0.2 M KCl. These data suggest that vascular smooth muscle cell may be a target tissue of vitamin D.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Skeletal anomalies in a patient with the Pallister/Teschler-Nicola/Killian syndrome.

We report on a 3-8/12-year-old boy with the Pallister/Teschler-Nicola/Killian syndrome and previously unreported bilateral skeletal anomalies consisting of small feet and short but otherwise normal humeri, ulnae, femora, and fibulae. His peripheral blood chromosomes were normal; however, 47,XY,+i(12p) was found in 100% of fibroblasts.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Syndrome of microcephaly, deafness/malformed ears, mental retardation and peculiar facies in a mother and son.

We report a mother and son who have a microcephaly with a characteristic dysmorphic face. Prominent manifestations include facial asymmetry, prominent glabella, deafness, low-set, cup-shaped ears, thick, protruding lower lip, micrognathia, and mental retardation. We conclude that these patients have a previously undescribed type of genetic microcephaly. The mother has become normocephalic and we would not have been able to diagnose her condition without her childhood photographs. Such photographs are essential in the recognition of familial syndromes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

[Studies of enzymuria and proteinuria: Report 1: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in urological diseases].

N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) exists in renal tubules and seminal tract. We measured the NAG level in patients with urinary tract and seminal tract diseases and evaluated its clinical significance. The urinary NAG level was high in renal tubular function disorders such as glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy and hydronephrosis. In these patients, NAG-isoenzyme studies indicated that the A-type isoenzyme decreased while the B-type isoenzyme increased. On the other hand, in the seminal tract disease patients, the urinary NAG level was high in benign prostatic hypertrophy with a catheter indwelling and in prostatitis. Urinary and seminal NAG-isoenzymes were measured in normal subjects. The isoenzyme patterns for urinary NAG and seminal NAG differed. The urinary NAG isoenzymes were measured in acute prostatitis patients, we found that the A-type isoenzyme decreased and the B type increased. In conclusion, when the A/B ratio of the NAG-isoenzyme is close to 24.9/75.0 in the urine, the presence of urological diseases in which seminal plasma could be mixed in, especially prostatic diseases, should be suspected.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1987

[A case report: primary hyperparathyroidism--comparison before and after parathyroidectomy by oral calcium tolerance test].

To evaluate the cause of hypercalciuria, we carried out the oral calcium tolerance test before and after parathyroidectomy in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism who had recurrent and multiple nephrolithiasis. Preoperative laboratory examination showed hypercalcemia, hypophosphetamia, hypercalciuria, decrease in % tubular reabsorption of phosphorus and strikingly elevated urinary cyclic AMP excretion. The oral calcium tolerance test indicated a significantly greater increase in serum calcium (delta serum calcium: 1.4 mg/dl vs 0.8 mg/dl) and a significantly greater suppression of urinary cyclic AMP excretion (delta U-cyclic AMP:-3.56 moles/gCre vs-1.17 moles/gCre) before parathyroidectomy than after. These results showed that hypercalciuria in this case was induced not only by the significant increase in the filtrated load of calcium but by the reduction in the resorption of calcium in the distal tubule caused by the significantly suppressed parathyroid hormone effect.

Administration, Oral↗