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Biomedical subjects

H Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to H Kawashima.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Monoclonal antibodies against human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa and collagen-induced platelet activation.

Two monoclonal antibodies against human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) were obtained. One monoclonal antibody, designated as 1B1, was found to inhibit both collagen-induced platelet aggregation and release reactions. This antibody also inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled collagen to human platelets. On the other hand, the other antibody, designated as B10, had no effect on platelet activation induced by a number of physiological stimulants including collagen. Direct binding studies involving 125I-labeled 1B1 or B10 demonstrated that the binding sites for these antibodies on unstimulated platelets have dissociation constants of 4.2 and 14.0 nM, respectively. The binding of 125I-labeled 1B1 or B10 to platelets was not inhibited by the other antibody. Purified 1B1 and B10 were covalently coupled to Affi-Gel and then proteolytic fragments of GPIIIa were applied to the Affi-Gel immunoadsorbent columns. Of the several proteolytic fragments, the 56 kilodaltons (kDa) fragment obtained on digestion with V8 protease bound to both of the columns. The 69 and 55 kDa fragments obtained with BrCN bound to only the 1B1 Affi-Gel column, while the 63 kDa fragment obtained with chymotrypsin only bound to the B10-Affi-Gel column. Based on the partial amino acid sequences of these fragments and the amino acid sequence of GPIIIa (C. A. Fitzgerald, B. Steiner, S. C. Rall, Jr., S. Lo and D. R. Phillips, J. Biol. Chem., 262, 3936 (1987), the epitopes for 1B1 and B10 were concluded to be located at amino acids 335 to 582 and 206 to 335, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in tissues of various human urogenital organs].

The urinary level of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was reported to be a useful marker for the assessment of renal function. This enzyme was also detected at a high activity in seminal fluid. In our preliminary report, seminal NAG activity was 1,000 times higher than urinary NAG level in healthy volunteers. Moreover, the fraction ratio A to B isozymes was changed in seminal fluid independently from that in urine. In order to study the source of seminal NAG, NAG activity and the isozyme fraction were determined in the tissues of the genital organs (prostate, testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle) as well as the urinary organ (kidney). Various levels of NAG activities were obtained, the mean tissue concentration (Unit/g protein) being 26.7 +/- 2.4, 4.3 +/- 30.5, and 8.75 +/- 0.72 unit/g, respectively, in the testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle. In particular the mean concentration of 97.7 +/- 23.3 was significantly high in the prostate. In regard to the isozyme fraction of NAG, B fraction (%) accounted for 15.1 +/- 5.5, 33.6 +/- 8.2, 37.7 +/- 0.1, and 70.6 +/- 4.5 percent, respectively, in the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate. It was to note that the A to B fraction ratio in the prostate corresponded to that in the seminal fluid. These results suggest that seminal NAG is mainly from the prostate.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

[Studies of enzymuria and proteinuria: Report 2; Relationship between glomerular filtration rate and urinary enzymuria and proteinuria].

Urinary splitting enzymes and proteins including N-acetyl-b-D-glucosanimidase (NAG), beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2MG), and alpha 1 microglobulin: (alpha 1MG), which are established to be useful in the evaluation of renal dysfunction, especially renal tubular impairment, were measured to determine the extent of renal tubular impairment in relation to the degree of glomerular dysfunction in patients with renal deterioration. In healthy volunteers, urinary NAG, alpha 1MG and beta 2MG levels were 3.5 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SD) U/g creatinine, 2.5 +/- 2.0 mg/l and 88 +/- 75 micrograms/l, respectively. While serum beta 2MG level (SBMG; microgram/ml) was between 2.0 and 2.9, among the patients with renal dysfunction, NAG, alpha 1MG and BMG levels showed 8.6 +/- 5.5, 9.8 +/- 5.8 and 785 +/- 1,264, respectively, and further elevated to 10.1 +/- 5.0, 16.5 +/- 0.7 and 525 +/- 440, respectively with a SBMG level over 3.0. Thus glomerular function was deteriorated, urinary alpha 1MG level elevated to significantly higher with a parallel to renal dysfunction. In patients with more severe renal dysfunction, the corresponding urinary NAG and alpha 1MG levels became significantly higher. However, urinary beta 2MG level was significantly higher in patients with moderate renal dysfunction compared to healthy volunteers only when SBMG level was more than 2.0. Therefore, it was more valuable to measure urinary alpha 1MG with NAG or beta 2MG at SBMG level of less than 1.9 and to determine urinary NAG and alpha 1MG at greater than 2.0. These results indicated that the measurement of the levels of urinary splitting enzymes and proteins is valuable in the evaluation of proximal tubular impairment, even when the degree of glomerular impairment is minimal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

Dendritic cells and IFN-alpha-producing cells are two functionally distinct non-B, non-monocytic HLA-DR+ cell subsets in human peripheral blood.

At least two distinct HLA-DR+ cell subsets lacking surface markers specific for B cells, monocytes or other known lineages are present in human peripheral blood. One subset is non-adherent to plastic, produces interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) when incubated with cytomegalovirus-infected target cells and provides an accessory function required for natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis of such cells. These non-adherent HLA-DR+ cells express the surface antigen recognized by antibody anti-D44 and do not stimulate mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR). The other HLA-DR+ cell subset is loosely adherent to plastic, produces only minimal levels of IFN-alpha when incubated with cytomegalovirus-infected target cells and does not provide the accessory function required for NK cell-mediated lysis of such cells. These HLA-DR+ cells stimulate a strong MLR, do not express D44 antigen and meet the criteria of dendritic cells (DC) morphologically and functionally.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of endoscopic local injection of hypertonic saline- epinephrine solution and surgical treatment on hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcer].

For the purpose of arresting hemorrhage from gastric and duodenal ulcer we developed a method of endoscopic local injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine solution (HSE), consisting of 625mEq/L or 1,250mEq/L sodium chloride with 0.05mg/ml epinephrine. During the period between October 1978 and March 1988, a total 246 patients with peptic ulcers underwent treatment for hemostasis by this method. According to our criteria for the assessment of the hemostatic effect, 231(93.9%) of 246 cases achieved permanent hemostasis, 7(2.8%) achieved temporary hemostasis, and no effect was noted 8 cases (3.3%). From June 1975 to March 1988, a total 366 cases with gastric and duodenal ulcers were operated on at our hospital. By applying endoscopic local injection of HSE, the rate of emergency operation for patients with bleeding peptic ulcers was significantly reduced from 13.4%(22/164) to 1.5%(3/202). From these results, we consider that endoscopic local injection of HSE is valuable for hemorrhage from gastric and duodenal ulcer.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

[Quantitative assessment of aqueous flare intensity and cell count in uveitis].

In an attempt to evaluate the validity of the laser flare-cell meter in in iridocyclitis, we conducted a comparative study of slit-lamp examination and flare-cell meter measurements in 251 eyes of uveitis patients. A significant correlation was observed between the two methods both in the measurement of flare intensity (Kendall tau = 0.580, p less than 0.001) and cell count (tau = 0.390, p less than 0.001). However, there were wide variations in grading within groups and large overlaps in scores between groups. These results were thought to be attributable to differences in the two examination methods. Flare-cell meter demonstrated high sensitivity for flare measurements, while there were some cases where low numbers of cells, which could be observed by a slit-lamp, were undetectable by the flare-cell meter. Patients with Behçet's disease were divided into three groups based on the interval from an ocular attack episode. Flare-cell meter examination revealed that flare intensity values remained abnormally high even in patients free from an attack episode for more than six months prior to the examination (p less than 0.001). It was considered that disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier exists permanently in patients with Behçet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cyclosporine G and D in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in the rat.

Two analogs of cyclosporine A (CsA), cyclosporine G (CsG) and cyclosporine D (CsD), were compared to CsA with regards to their effects on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) as well as their adverse effects on renal functions. When administered daily on days 0-14 after immunization with S-antigen, CsA was the most effective of all in inhibiting EAU followed by CsG: 20-30 mg/kg/day of CsG appeared to have the same effect as 5 mg/kg/day of CsA. The effect of CsD was the least. When administered from day 7 after immunization, CsA and CsG were also effective in inhibiting the development of EAU. As for the adverse side effects, CsA was the most nephrotoxic: the toxic changes were morphologically found with doses of CsA at 10 mg/kg/day or higher. CsG and CsD were not nephrotoxic even at 30 mg/kg/day. The effects of CsG on immune responses were very similar to those of CsA. Both agents exhibited selective inhibition on the cell-mediated immune responses to S-antigen, while having no effect on antibody production.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Antibodies against allantoic fluid of chick embryos detected in Japanese sera.

Japanese sera were shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to contain frequently antibodies against allantoic fluid, confirming the results obtained in our previous study on ELISA for the detection of mumps antibodies. Chromatographic analysis with Sephacryl S-300 of the allantoic fluid antigen used for ELISA suggested the antigens for these antibodies in Japanese sera to be macromolecular proteins. Comparative absorption tests with allantoic fluid and ovomacroglobulin were therefore carried out on serum samples positive in ELISA with allantoic fluid antigen, and ovomacroglobulin was identified to be the antigenic component for antibodies to allantoic fluid antigen in Japanese sera.

Allantois↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative assessment of aqueous flare and cells in uveitis.

Validity of the laser flare-cell meter in uveitis was evaluated. A comparative study of slit-lamp examination and flare-cell meter measurements was carried out in the evaluation of iridocyclitis in a total of 251 measurements in patients with uveitis of various etiologies, including Behçet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease and sarcoidosis. The data obtained by these two methods showed a significant overall correlation both in the measurement of flare intensity (Kendall tau = 0.580, P less than 0.001) and cell count (tau = 0.390, P less than 0.001). Problems inherent to the slit-lamp examination were marked in terms of wide variations in grading within groups and large overlaps in scores between groups. The flare-cell meter was highly reliable in the measurement of flare intensity; whereas it could not detect low numbers of cells in some cases. Ninety-one eyes of patients with Behçet's disease were divided into three groups based on the interval from the last ocular attack episode. The flare-cell meter examination revealed that values for flare intensity remained abnormally high even in patients free from an attack episode for more than six months prior to the examination. It was considered that deterioration or breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier function persists in patients with Behçet's disease.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1988

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates 45Ca2+-uptake by cultured vascular smooth muscle cells derived from rat aorta.

We have recently shown the presence of receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates Ca-ATPase in vascular smooth muscle cells presumably via receptor mediated mechanism. These data suggest that the sterol may directly be involved in the regulation of cellular calcium homeostasis. To further define action of vitamin D in smooth muscle cells, we studied effect of the sterol on cellular uptake of calcium. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake by cultured cells, A7r5, derived from fetal rat aorta, when the cells were incubated with the sterol for 18 hr. The effect was dose-dependent at 10(-10) to 10(-9) M, and three orders of magnitude higher concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was needed to obtain similar effects. Furthermore, the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was abolished by cycloheximide (10(-5) M), a protein synthesis inhibitor. These data clearly suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may directly regulate cellular calcium homeostasis in vascular smooth muscle cells presumably via receptor mediated mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates Ca-ATPase in a vascular smooth muscle cell line.

I have recently shown that a vascular smooth muscle cell line has receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. To examine a possible role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the regulation of cellular calcium homeostasis, effect of the sterol on Ca-ATPase activity was studied. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulated the enzyme activity in a dose dependent manner at 10(-10) and 10(-9) M when the cells were incubated with the sterol for 10 hours. By contrast, 60 minutes incubation of the cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D failed to stimulate the enzyme activity. Both 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 did stimulate the enzyme activity, but at three orders of magnitude higher concentrations. Cycloheximide, at 10(-5)M, abolished the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These data suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates Ca-ATPase activity probably via its receptor and may play a role in regulating cellular calcium homeostasis.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1988

Fungal mycelia as a novel source of eicosapentaenoic acid. Activation of enzyme(s) involved in eicosapentaenoic acid production at low temperature.

Several filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Mortierella were found to produce large amounts of 5,8,11,14,17-cis-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in their mycelia only when grown at low temperature (12 degrees C), i.e., not at physiological growth temperature (20-28 degrees C). The results of experiments with cell-free extracts suggested that this unique phenomenon is due to activation of enzyme(s) involved in EPA formation at low temperature. Mortierella alpina 1S-4 produced 0.3 g/l of EPA (27 mg/g dry mycelia). This high productivity show the practical significance of these novel EPA producers.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Three cases of untreated classical PKU: a report on cataracts and brain calcification.

There are only four previous reports of cataracts in untreated classical phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. Brain calcification, which has been known to occur in patients with dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency, has been reported, as far as we know, in only one (albeit unusual) case. We report on three patients with untreated classical PKU; all have cataracts and normal serum levels of glucose and galactose. One of the patients (whose endocrinological tests and biochemistry including folate were normal) has bilateral brain calcifications remarkably similar to that seen in DHPR deficiency. To what extent cataracts and brain calcification occur with classical PKU is unknown because of the lack of case reports addressing these symptoms. Our cases combined with previous reports call attention to the fact that they may be frequently overlooked manifestations of classical PKU.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Chronic exposure to cadmium did not impair vitamin D metabolism in monkeys.

Vitamin D metabolism in primates with chronic exposure to cadmium was studied in relation to Itai-Itai disease. In a series of experiments, crab-eating monkeys were fed cadmium-contaminated rice (1.33 micrograms Cd/g) or a diet containing 3 micrograms/g cadmium chloride for 6 years. These treatments had no effect on the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the serum. This is consistent with unchanged production of 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25(OH)2D by renal mitochondria prepared from the same animals. No indication of renal dysfunction was observed. In another series of experiments, rhesus monkeys were fed a diet containing 3, 10, 30, or 100 micrograms/g cadmium for 9 years. Serum vitamin D metabolites and renal production of 24,25(OH)2D also remained unchanged. In contrast, renal 25(OH)D-1-hydroxylase (1-hydroxylase), which is responsible for the production of 1,25(OH)2D, seemed to be suppressed in the animals fed 30 or 100 micrograms/kg cadmium-contaminated diet (no statistical significance). These animals had indications of mild renal dysfunction, and there was a strong negative correlation between 1-hydroxylase and urinary concentration of either protein or beta 2-microglobulin. These data suggest a slight change in the total enzyme activity, possibly due to mild renal dysfunction. Since substrate (25(OH)D) concentration is much lower and thus rate-limiting in vivo as compared with that in vitro assay system used in this study, the slight change of enzyme activity would not have been sufficient to affect the serum level of 1,25(OH)2D. No skeletal abnormality was observed in any of these animals. In view of these data, the length of cadmium exposure and the life span of animals as well as epidemiological data published elsewhere, factors other than cadmium may also be involved in the development of Itai-Itai disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Granulocytic sarcoma of testis preceding acute myelocytic leukemia.

A unique case of granulocytic sarcoma of the testis as a first manifestation of acute myelocytic leukemia preceding hematologic pathology is reported. The testicular specimen was identified by immunoperoxidase staining to be composed of immature granulocytes. Acute myelocytic leukemia of which the first manifestation is a primary testicular tumor is extremely rare, and the related literature is reviewed.

Aged↗