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Biomedical subjects

H Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to H Kawashima.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[The local blood flow of the rabbit bladder measured by electrochemically generated hydrogen gas].

The regional blood flow of the urinary bladder of rabbits was measured by electrochemically generated hydrogen gas. Then the effects of increased bladder capacity, and of systemic administration of scopolamine and neostigmine bromide on regional blood flow were examined. The local blood flow of the rabbit bladder was 75.9 +/- 8.4 ml/100 g/min (mean +/- S.E.) and it decreased by increased bladder capacity. It was also decreased by scopolamine bromide, while it was increased by neostigmine bromide.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[A case report: surgical reconstruction of the external genitalia in adrenogenital syndrome].

This is a case report of a 5-year-old girl with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) who had clitoral hypertrophy and vagina opening at verumontanum between the bladder neck and external urethral sphincter. Female pseudohermaphroditism with CAH is the most common type of intersex problem seen in children. In females with this disorder, the internal genital organs are usually normal, but variable degrees of virilization can be observed externally. We discussed the indication of the surgical correction of ambiguous external genitalia in this syndrome in view of sexual function and cosmetic problems.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1987

[Comparison of urinary and seminal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase isoenzymes].

N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and its isoenzymes were measured in the urine and seminal plasma of healthy volunteers. Urinary NAG level was 2.62 +/- 1.30 U/L (mean +/- standard deviation), 1.99 +/- 0.77 U/g creatinine and seminal NAG level was 2370 +/- 1007 U/l. Urinary NAG level was 2.59 +/- 1.44 U/l, 1.93 +/- 0.80 U/g creatinine in males and 2.67 +/- 1.15 U/l, 2.08 +/- 0.78 U/g creatinine in females, and there was no significant sex difference. NAG isoenzymes in the urine and seminal plasma were divided into two major peaks, A and B. The A:B ratio was 78.0 +/- 6.5: 21.9 +/- 6.5 in the urine and 24.7 +/- 3.2: 75.2 +/- 3.2 in the seminal plasma, and was significantly different. Urinary NAG isoenzyme was 80.3 +/- 6.7: 19.6 +/- 6.7 in males and 74.1 +/- 4.3: 25.9 +/- 4.3 in females, and there was no significant difference between the sexes. These results indicated that urinary and seminal NAG can be differentiated by measuring the isoenzymes. Furthermore, the comparison of seminal NAG isoenzymes before and after vasectomy indicated that seminal NAG may be affected not only by the sperm but also by the prostatic fluid.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1987

[A case of nephrocalcinosis due to Sjögren syndrome associated with renal tubular acidosis].

A 39-year-old women was admitted to the hospital because of fever, lumbago and recurrent history of spontaneous stone discharge. An abdominal X-ray film demonstrated multiple calculi in the medullary positions of both kidneys and right multiple ureteral stones. Laboratory examinations showed hypergammaglobulinemia and the urine pH level was fixed around 7; nevertheless general metabolic acidosis existed. These laboratory data indicated nephrocalcinosis due to Sjögren syndrome associated with renal tubular acidosis. Right multiple ureteral stones were removed by transurethral ureteroscopy. After starting alkali therapy, neither increased nor recurrent stone formation was recognized.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

[A case of giant carcinoma of the prostate].

A 74-year-old male complaining of lower abdominal mass was admitted to our hospital on August 1, 1985. He had also suffered from dysuria and bilateral lower limb edema for a year. At the time of admission, two fist-size hard masses were palpable on each suprainguinal abdomen. Remarkable venous dilatation on the surface of the whole abdomen was recognized. An enlarged stone-like hard prostate was palpable by rectal examination. Laboratory findings revealed moderately increased blood sedimentation rate and a high value of prostatic acid phosphatase. Urethrocystogram showed remarkable compression of both lateral walls of the bladder medially and the floor of the bladder was highly elevated. Computed tomography revealed almost the whole pelvic cavity occupied by the tumor which had invaded the retroperitoneal space upward as far as the level of the hilus of the kidney. Histological diagnosis was well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of prostate. Bilateral orchiectomy was performed on August 29, 1985 and he was treated with estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) 560 mg a day. Two months later, there was remarkable regression of the tumor and urethrocystogram was almost normal. Related reports are also reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Altered vitamin D metabolism in the kidney of the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

A decrease in plasma Ca2+ and increases in plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been reported in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats as compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKy) rats. These changes should lead to a higher plasma 1,25(OH)2D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol) concentration in SH rat if the kidney responds appropriately. Plasma 1,25(OH)2D, however, has been reported to be normal in SH rats, suggesting possible impairments of vitamin D metabolism in this animal model of hypertension. To test this possibility, we studied the effect of PTH on renal production of 1,25(OH)2D in SH rats before (4 weeks of age) and after (12 weeks of age) the onset of hypertension. Basal serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D were normal in SH rats at both ages. At 4 weeks of age, the rise in serum 1,25(OH)2D after PTH injection (50 units subcutaneously every 2 h; four times) was also normal in SH rats. By contrast, at 12 weeks of age, the rise in serum 1,25(OH)2D was approximately one-half of that in WKy rats, despite the similar rises in serum Ca2+ levels in both groups by PTH injection. The attenuated rise in serum 1,25(OH)2D in SH rats was consistent with the impaired response of renal 1-hydroxylase (25-hydroxycholecalciferol 1 alpha-hydroxylase) activity to PTH. Basal 1,25(OH)2D production by the kidney in SH rat was higher than that in WKy rats both at 4 and 12 weeks of age. These data suggest that, in SH rats: serum 1,25(OH)2D is inappropriately low in relation to the elevated PTH and this may be due, at least in part, to the impaired responsiveness to PTH of renal 1-hydroxylase and to the enhanced metabolism of 1,25(OH)2D, and elevated PTH or other agents may stimulate the 1-hydroxylase in the kidney even before the onset of hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Atrial natriuretic peptide elevates cGMP contents in glomeruli and in distal tubules of rat kidney.

Effect of synthetic rat atrial natriuretic peptide (1-28) (ANP) on the cGMP content was studied using defined nephron segments of rat kidney. ANP elevates cGMP contents in glomeruli in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The increase of cGMP was observed in glomeruli, distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and cortical collecting tubule (CCT) (delta %; 279 +/- 35, 148 +/- 10 and 152 +/- 18, respectively), and no effect was observed in proximal convoluted (PCT) and straight tubule (PST). These results suggest that ANP may act directly on the tubular cells as well as glomeruli. In glomeruli, effects of ANP and carbamylcholine on cGMP contents were additive suggesting that these two agents may act on different receptors. Angiotensin II and norepinephrine failed to affect the ANP-induced cGMP production in the glomeruli.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1986

Primary gastric lymphoma with intranuclear inclusions. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

Two patients with primary gastric lymphoma, diffuse lymphoma, a plasmacytoid variant of small cell type, with numerous intranuclear inclusions, are reported. In both cases, biopsy and surgical specimens showed diffuse proliferation of lymphoid cells having plasmacytoid features at different steps of maturation in lamina propria and submucosal layer. The cytoplasm of the lymphoma cells was stained with anti-IgM, anti-kappa chain, and anti-J chain antibodies by avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique. A number of intranuclear inclusions in the lymphoma cells were diastase-resistant PAS positive, and also stained with anti-IgM, anti-kappa chain, and anti-J chain antibodies, suggesting a monoclonal situation. In an ultrastructural study of the first case, the inclusions were round and composed of amorphous materials surrounded by a single membrane. In many lymphoma cells, the perinuclear cisternal space was dilated and filled with materials similar to those within both inclusions and rough endoplasmic reticulum. A direct communication between the perinuclear space and the inclusion was demonstrated in some cells, suggesting the perinuclear cisternal origin of these inclusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Altered vitamin D metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

To test the possible impairment of vitamin D metabolism in hypertension, we studied the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) before (at 4 weeks of age) and after (at 12 weeks of age) the onset of hypertension. Basal serum of 1,25(OH)2D was normal in SHR at both ages. At 4 weeks of age, rise in serum 1,25(OH)2D following PTH injection (50 U subcutaneously every 2 h, four times) was also normal in SHR. By contrast, at 12 weeks of age it was approximately one-third of that in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) in parallel with an attenuated response to PTH of renal production of 1,25(OH)2D. Basal 1,25(OH)2D production by the kidney in SHR was higher than that in WKY at both ages, which was abolished by thyroparathyroidectomy but not by parathyroidectomy. These data demonstrate that altered vitamin D metabolism exists even before the onset of hypertension in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) in prostatitis patients].

NAG was measured before and after treatment and compared in 11 acute prostatitis patients, 13 chronic prostatitis patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Urinary NAG before treatment was 34.1 +/- 18.4 U/l in the acute prostatitis patients and was significantly higher than that in the healthy volunteers, which was 5.1 +/- 1.2 U/l. It was 8.5 +/- 3.2 U/l in the chronic prostatitis patients. Urinary NAG after treatment decreased and was 7.6 +/- 4.4 U/l and 6.7 +/- 1.7 U/l in the acute and chronic prostatitis groups, respectively. These results suggest that urinary NAG is useful in evaluating the changes in the condition of prostatitis and in diagnosing prostatitis, especially acute prostatitis.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗