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Biomedical subjects

H Katoh

Publications and source records attributed to H Katoh.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The potential role of postoperative hepatic artery chemotherapy in patients with high-risk hepatomas.

The relationship between operative findings of hepatoma and the postoperative prognosis was studied to clarify indications for adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy after hepatectomy. The results of adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy using 0.4 mg/kg of doxorubicin and 0.12 mg/kg of mitomycin C and infusion of 5-fluorouracil were reported. One hundred sixty patients who had undergone hepatectomy for hepatoma were studied. In the operative findings of hepatoma, with a surgical margin of less than 10 mm, intrahepatic metastasis, tumor embolus in the second or more proximal branch of the portal vein, or lack of capsule formation related to the prognosis were the risk factors for recurrence. In 132 patients with these risk factors the survival rate of 19 patients with adjuvant arterial chemotherapy was significantly higher than for the 113 patients without it. Adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy thus may be an effective therapy and should be studied prospectively in patients undergoing hepatectomy for high-risk hepatoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Genetic studies on experimental autoimmune gastritis induced by neonatal thymectomy using recombinant inbred strains between a high-incidence strain, BALB/c, and a low-incidence strain, DBA/2.

Thymectomy on day 3 after birth induced autoimmune gastritis (AIG) at the age of 2 months in 51-73% of BALB/c mice, and in only 3-5% of DBA/2 mice. AIG was detected by histological and serological (immunofluorescence staining for detecting anti-parietal cell autoantibody) examination. However, autoantibody was weakly positive in almost all of these DBA/2 mice when measured by ELISA using extract of murine gastric mucosa as the antigen. To investigate genetically the mechanism controlling the incidence of AIG, II recombinant inbred strains established by brother-sister mating of (BALB/c x DBA/2) F2 mice (C x D2 strains) were used. Among 26 markers tested, the Mls-1 locus on BALB/c chromosome 1 and the Hc locus coding a complement component (C5) on BALB/c chromosome 2 were found to be associated with high susceptibility to AIG. However, if one or both of the loci were of DBA/2 origin, mice showed medium or low susceptibility to AIG. For further analysis, F1, F2 and back-cross generations of these two strains were tested, but segregation of a single susceptibility or insusceptibility gene was not obtained. Taken together, it seems probable that two or more genes are involved in the induction mechanism of AIG. We did not detect C5 deposition in AIG lesions, nor complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody to parietal cells in serum from AIG mice. However, injection of irradiated spleen cells of DBA/2 mice into BALB/c mice thymectomized on day 3 augmented the incidence of AIG from 71 to 100%, but not that of oophoritis (33%). A relationship between Mls-1a determinants and the pathogenesis of AIG was further suggested from the fact that V beta 6 TcR-expressing T cells increased in number in AIG-bearing compared with normal BALB/c mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of a filtration lymphocytapheresis (LCP) device for use in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A practical on-line lymphocytapheresis (LCP) system using a leukapheresis filter (Cellsorba, Asahi Medical Co.) was evaluated in six patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. This filter consists of nonwoven fine polyester fiber wound around a porous cylinder. The blood was passed through the polyester fiber at a flow rate of 50 ml/min for 60 min. LCP was carried out once a week in the first month and biweekly in the next 2 months. An average of 98% of the leukocytes that entered the filter (1.27 x 10(10) cells) and 100% of the lymphocytes that entered the filter (3.66 x 10(9) cells) were removed in the first LCP. A total of 96.6% of the platelets and 2.7% of the erythrocytes that entered the filter were also removed. All of the patients showed clinical improvement in morning stiffness, Lansbury articular index, and functional capacity, with no adverse reaction. The number of circulating erythrocytes and platelets and the concentration of various serum components showed no significant change during the treatments. This LCP system required no fresh frozen plasma, albumin, or other blood transfusion. The number of circulating lymphocytes decreased to 65-70% of the pretreatment circulating lymphocyte count at the last procedure, with a decrease in the ratio of Leu3a positive cells to Leu2a positive cells. The proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was improved. These data suggest that LCP to remove approximately 3 x 10(9) lymphocytes once a week or biweekly has an immunomodulatory effect.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on ouinolone antibiotics. II. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7-aminoalkoxy-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3 -carbo xylic acids and their derivatives].

7-Aminoalkoxy-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3- carboxylic acid and their derivatives were synthesized and their antibacterial activities were evaluated. Among them, compounds having an alkyl group at alpha-position of the amino group were found to have in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. Structure-activity relationship of these compounds was also stated.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on quinolone antibiotics. III. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-amino-7-(2-aminoalkoxy)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4- dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and their derivatives].

5-Amino-7-(2-aminoalkoxy)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4- oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and their derivatives (10, 11) were prepared and their antibacterial activities were evaluated. As a result of in vitro antibacterial screening, the compounds having mono- or di-methyl (11d, e) group at alpha-position of amino group were most effective among the 7-aminoalkoxy derivatives. Structure-activity relationship of these compounds is also discussed.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1991

Adverse reactions to lipiodol ultra fluid: report of an accidental case.

A 25-year-old Japanese woman experienced pulmonary edema, shock, encephalopathy and silent pancreatitis after hysterosalpingography using lipiodol ultra fluid, because the contrast media flowed directly into the blood stream from endometrium injured by several curettages for termination of pregnancy. Total iodine concentrations in plasma and urine decreased exponentially and their half-life was 16.12 and 13.04 days, respectively. Clear correlations were observed between the iodine concentration in plasma and the amelioration of both electroencephalogram and neuropsychic abnormalities. Adverse reactions of oil-soluble contrast media are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for orthopaedic surgery in the elderly].

The pros and cons as to which anesthesia is more beneficial, either spinal or epidural, prompted us to perform combined spinal and epidural block in the elderly undergoing lower limb surgery. The selected epidural space was entered with a 17-gauge Tuohy needle and a longer 26-gauge spinal needle was passed through it and into the subarachnoid space. Following the injection of required dose of 2% preservative-free lidocaine (isobaric), spinal needle was withdrawn and an epidural catheter was inserted. We could use this combined technique on 17 patients older than 80 yr (mean age; 84.5 +/- 3.9 years) with satisfactory results and without any serious cardiovascular change, as with 17 middle-aged patients (57.5 +/- 5.2 years). This combination of techniques provides a rapid onset and reliability of spinal block with high quality analgesia by supplementation through the epidural catheter during and after surgery. In the orthopaedic procedures on the lower limbs, combined spinal and epidural block is more useful even for the elderly over the age of 80 yr than spinal or epidural anesthesia alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical studies on acute uncomplicated cystitis in women].

A total of 499 female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis were observed and analyzed clinically for age distribution, characteristics of symptoms, bacterial culture of urine, behavioral aspects of recurrent cystitis and others. The patients were between 3 years and 88 years old (average: 43 years) and the majority of patients were from 20 to 69 years old. From 81.1% of the patients Escherichia coli was detected, followed by Staphylococcus spp (11.2%). The major symptoms were pain on urination (421 cases), urinary frequency (421 cases) and residual urine sensation (418 cases). The major causes of cystitis as reported by the patient were fatigue (131 cases), infrequent voiding (114 cases) and exposing the body to coldness (103); only 42 patients reported a relationship between sexual intercourse and cystitis. The patients who had been suffering from "honeymoon cystitis" were significantly inclined to be suffering from acute uncomplicated cystitis again in comparison with those who had not suffered from honeymoon cystitis. There was suggested to be a relationship between sexual intercourse and recurrent cystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Immune responses in newly developed short-lived SAM mice. IV. Chromosomal location of a gene controlling defective helper T-cell activity.

Short-lived SAMP-P/1 mice are low responders in in vitro antibody responses because of a selectively impaired helper T(Th)-cell activity. After crossing with high responders (B10.BR mice), about 12% of (B10.BR x SAM-P/1) (BRP)F2 mice showed low responsiveness, as did SAM-P/1 mice, against two T-dependent antigens, sheep and horse red blood cells (RBC), both of which were not cross-reactive to each other at helper T- and B-cell levels. The immune activities against the two antigens in individual BRPF2 mice showed a good correlation (r = 0.81), thereby suggesting that SAM-P/1 mice have an antigen non-specific Th cell dysfunction. Based on the incidence of the low responders in F2 generation and statistical analyses, the hypo-responsiveness was postulated to be controlled by two genes. To survey the location of these genes, linkage analyses were performed in the F2 mice using a large set of genetic markers. Low responders in the F2 generation showed a significantly higher incidence of SAM-P/1 genotype at the Gpi-1 as well as c locus on chromosome 7 (Chr.7). However, no linkage of low responsiveness to the Hbb locus was evident, an area present at a more distal site to the centromere on the same chromosome. These results suggest that one of the genes controlling the hypo-responsiveness of SAM-P/1 mice is linked to both Gpi-1 and c loci and that it locates at a more proximal site on Chr.7.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Role of eosinophils in the late asthmatic response].

The occurrence of late asthmatic response (LAR) is effectively prevented by corticosteroids, but not all by beta-adrenergic drugs. LAR is considered to be of great clinical and therapeutic importance and to be involved in the progression of bronchial asthma into a severe or even an intractable form. However the exact mechanism of the occurrence of LAR remains obscure in many respects. LAR is believed to be due to type I allergy. In guinea pigs, a positive bronchial inhalation challenge following passive sensitization with allogeneic antibody does not induce LAR or eosinophilic infiltration of lung tissue. This experimental fact led us to surmise that LAR would seem likely to be elicited in passively sensitized animals if pronounced eosinophilic infiltration can be induced concurrently and to conduct an experiment with conjoined inhalation of platelet activating factor (PAF). PAF, which has a chemotactic activity for eosinophils, was administered to passively sensitized animals in attempt to examine a role of eosinophils in LAR. A goodly number of animals developed LAR on additional PAF inhalation. These animals, when compared with those without LAR, showed a significantly larger proportion of eosinophils in BALF (p less than 0.05) with an upward tendency for the proportion of neutrophils. Histologically, there was noted a striking association between LAR and eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchial submucosa. These results suggest that anti-IgE antibody is deeply involved in the elicitation of LAR, stressing the importance of eosinophilic infiltration.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A case of herpes simplex encephalitis with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges].

A case of a 50-year-old male with herpes simplex encephalitis was reported. An EEG examination revealed periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) on the right hemisphere on April 17, 1990. Another EEG performed on April 26 showed PLEDs on the left hemisphere, dominantly on the temporal lobe. On and after May 2, PLEDs have not been detected. SPECT showed hyperperfusion in the right temporal and occipital lobe son April 26. T1 weighted MRI examined on April 18 showed low signal intensity and T2 and proton weighted imagings revealed high signal intensity in the greater part of the right temporal lobe and a similar abnormality in a part of the left temporal lobe. Although the origin of PLEDs is still controversial, these findings suggest that, at least in the case of herpes simplex encephalitis, PLEDs appear in the early progressive stage of the inflammatory lesion.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1991

A murine model for type III tyrosinemia: lack of immunologically detectable 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase enzyme protein in a novel mouse strain with hypertyrosinemia.

We have characterized a new mutant strain of mouse that has hypertyrosinemia. The blood tyrosine level was persistently high, and increased amounts of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and its derivatives were excreted into the urine. Succinylacetone was not detected in urine samples from these mice. All the animals were apparently healthy, and there was no evidence of hepatorenal dysfunction. The hypertyrosinemia was transmitted through an autosomal recessive inheritance. Analyses of hepatic enzymes related to tyrosine metabolism revealed that 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase activity was virtually absent, while fumarylacetoacetase and tyrosine aminotransferases (cytosolic and mitochondrial forms) were normal in these mutant mice. Immunoblot analysis of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase protein in the liver indicated that the subunit protein of the enzyme was absent. It would appear that hypertyrosinemia in this mutant strain was caused by a genetic defect in 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase. These features are similar to type III tyrosinemia in humans. Analysis of this mutant strain of mouse is expected to provide valuable information on the pathogenesis of human type III tyrosinemia and can also serve as a useful system for studies on tyrosine metabolism.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase↗
PubMed1991

[Bloodless open heart surgery using membrane oxygenator--the efficacy of ultrafiltration].

The efficacy of ultrafiltration (UF) in the attempt of total bloodless open heart surgery using membrane oxygenator (MO) was investigated in two groups. Group I (GI) consisted of 6 ASD operations between Dec. 1983 and Feb. 1987, which cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were performed without UF and with non-hemic priming of Capiox II MO. (Age; 18 +/- 2 (SD) years old, Body Weight; 53 +/- 6 kg, CPB; 77 +/- 24 min.) Group II (GII) consisted of 11 cases (4ASD, 1VSD, 4MS/MR (2MVR), 2AR (2AVR] between Mar. 1987 and Sep. 1988, which CPB were performed with UF in 9 cases and with non-hemic priming of CML/VPCML MO. (Age; 34 +/- 20 yo, Body Weight; 52 +/- 12 kg, CPB; 112 +/- 54 min). Total bloodless surgery were successful in 9 cases (82%) of GII against in only one case (17%) of GI (p less than 0.05). The hematocrit values of successful 9 cases in GII were 40 +/- 2% before operations, more than 19 +/- 3% during CPB, 33 +/- 4% just after operations, and more than 29 +/- 3% through the postoperative course. Blood loss during operations were 1013 +/- 586 ml in GI, and 659 +/- 388 ml in GII (NS). Blood loss after operations were 696 +/- 283 ml in GI and 478 +/- 284 ml in GII (NS). In successful 9 cases of GII, blood loss after operations were 387 +/- 215 ml, significantly less than that in GI (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of opioids on Ca2+ flux of polymorphonuclear leukocytes].

The effects of opioids on Ca2+ influx were evaluated using rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes, comparing with those of nicardipine and TMB-8, 8-(N, N diethyl amino) 3, 4, 5 trimethoxybenzoate. Selective opioid kappa-agonist, U-50488H, inhibited Ca2+ influx caused by f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). U-50488H also strongly inhibited the elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in Ca2+ free medium. In contrast, mu-agonist, morphine showed no effects. The purified enantiomers of U-50488H exerted no difference in their effects on Ca2+ mobilization of PMNs, and naloxone did not antagonize the effects of U-50488H. Both nicardipine and TMB-8 inhibited the Ca2+ flux. The inhibitory effects of TMB-8 were potentiated by lowering extracellular free Ca2+. These results suggest that U-50488H may interfere with the Ca2+ regulatory system of PMNs via opioid receptor non-mediated pathway. The effect was suspected to be caused by selective inhibition of Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ store sites by affecting post-receptor mechanisms of f-MLP.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗