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Biomedical subjects

H Katoh

Publications and source records attributed to H Katoh.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of flecainide on ventricular arrhythmias, abnormal automaticity and activation in a canine model of myocardial infarction.

Effects of flecainide, a class I antiarrhythmic drug, on ventricular arrhythmias, ventricular abnormal automaticity and ventricular activation were examined in a canine model of myocardial infarction, and compared with those of lidocaine. The effects of the drugs were examined on (1) the arrhythmias developed 24 h after the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation, (2) ventricular premature stimulation-induced arrhythmias 5 to 7 d after LAD ligation, (3) ventricular abnormal automaticity about 24 h after LAD ligation and (4) ventricular activation induced by a ventricular stimulation at various coupling intervals in animals 5 to 7 d after LAD ligation. Flecainide (1 and 3 mg/kg) showed a marked reduction in the frequency of ventricular ectopic beats 24 h after LAD ligation, and was more potent than lidocaine. The ventricular abnormal automaticity was inhibited by flecainide (1 and 3 mg/kg) and lidocaine (10 mg/kg). Flecainide (1 and 3 mg/kg) prolonged the activation time in the infarcted zones over a wide range of the coupling intervals, and produced block of seriously delayed activation. In contrast, lidocaine produced similar effects only at short coupling intervals. Ventricular premature stimulation produced ventricular arrhythmias, which were prevented by pretreatment with flecainide (3 mg/kg). In conclusion, flecainide showed antiarrhythmic effects in a canine model of myocardial infarction. A marked inhibition of ventricular abnormal automaticity and selective depression of delayed activation in the infarcted zone probably contribute to its antiarrhythmic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Genetic profile of LIBP/1 inbred strain derived from the Kunming outbred stock of the mouse].

To make the genetic profile of the LIBP/1 inbred strain obtained from Kunming mice, the most widely used outbred stock in China, 26 loci were examined. The genotypes of four kinds of coat color genes were a/a, B/B, c/c and D/D. The results of testing 21 biochemical marker genes showed Akp-1b, Amy-1a, Car-2a, Ce-2a, Es-1b, Es-3a, Es-10a, Es-11a, Gpd-1a, Gpi-1a, Gus-1b, Hbbs, Idh-1a, Ldr-1a, Mod-1a, Mup-1b, Pep-3b, Pgm-a, Sep-1b, Tam-1c, and Trfb. The H-2 gene loci were Kb and Db.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with no history of bronchial asthma].

A 53-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow in the left upper lung. Bronchofiberscopy revealed edematous mucosa and pus at the orifice of the left upper lobe bronchus. Pathological examination revealed bronchial inflammatory change with infiltration of eosinophils and also the existence of aspergillus in the pus. Mild eosinophilia and elevation of serum IgE level were observed in the peripheral blood, and serum precipitin against Aspergillus fumigatus was positive. Bronchogram showed central bronchiectasis, and the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) was made. In cases of ABPA, bronchial asthma is usually present prior to presentation, but this patient had no history of asthma even though airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was confirmed.

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of transient bacteremia following dental surgery--prophylactic use of cefuroxime, ceftriaxone or clindamycin.

The incidence of transient bacteremia after dental surgery as examined in 15 ml of venous blood has been previously found to amount to 69%. In this study, cefuroxime (1.5g), ceftriaxone (1.0g) or clindamycin (0.6g) was used for chemoprophylaxis to investigate the rate of transient bacteremia after dental surgery. The concentrations of these antimicrobial agents in peripheral blood and an effusion from the tooth extraction wound were measured. The incidence of transient bacteremia was limited to 4.2% by cefuroxime, 0% by ceftriaxone and 5.9% by clindamycin.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of Sotos syndrome associated with peripheral nerve involvements].

A case of the Sotos syndrome associated with peripheral nerve involvements was reported. A 52-year-old male was admitted to Kawasaki Medical School Hospital because of gait disturbance, muscle atrophy, and weakness in both hands. This case was diagnosed as the Sotos syndrome based on the following symptoms and findings, acromegaloid features, hypertrophic changes in the hands and feet, a history of epileptic episodes, a low IQ, a normal growth hormone value, and no tumor lesion in the pituitary gland. Radiological examination disclosed a cauliflower-like appearance of the finger tips and thickness of the heel pads. Brain CT and MRI revealed diffuse mild brain atrophy. An electroencephalogram showed diffuse theta waves with sharp waves in the right parietal region. A needle electromyogram revealed neurogenic change in both upper and lower limbs. A nerve conduction study disclosed the carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome. These findings suggest that, as in the case of acromegaly, entrapment neuropathy and peripheral neuropathy can also be induced in the Sotos syndrome.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[A case of traumatic spinal subarachnoid hematoma causing compression of the cauda equina].

A case of traumatic spinal subarachnoid hematoma causing compression of the cauda equina is reported here. The patient, a 76 year-old woman, who had fallen down by accident 1 month before, was admitted to our hospital presenting lumbar pain radiating into her right thigh, monoplegia of the right leg and urinary incontinence. Myelography and metrizamide CT demonstrated a filling defect mimicking intradural extramedullary tumor at the level of L1 and L2. Magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) revealed a subacute or chronic hematoma compressing the conus medullaris and the cauda equina. Operation was performed and an old hematoma, which occupied most of the spinal subarachnoid space and compressed the conus and cauda equina from right to left, was removed. No definite bleeding point was detected and no traumatic change was seen on the cord. Neither tumor nor abnormal vessel was detected. After surgery, the symptoms improved partially. On a review of the literature, we found only 4 cases of traumatic spinal subarachnoid hematoma, all of which occupied the cervical or thoracic portion of the spine. Our case is the first report, except for the cases following lumbar spinal tap, of traumatic spinal subarachnoid hematoma causing compression of the cauda equina. Though usually blood in CSF diffuses immediately, a clot may be formed when a large amount of bleeding obstructs the spinal canal. In our case, furthermore, deformity and narrowing of the spinal canal had preceded for many years, following lumbar vertebral compressed fracture related with osteoporosis. This might have promoted the process of canal obstruction and clot formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of bilateral blepharospasm responsive to edrophonium].

A case of bilateral blepharospasm who registered the efficacy of edrophonium was reported. The case is a 49-year-old female. She had been in good health until January, 1991 when she complained of difficulty in opening her eyes while driving. Thereafter the condition progressed to such a degree that she was unable to experience a comfortable life. Her blinking rate did not changed. The symptoms were triggered by stress or some physical action, such as walking or driving. They were attenuated by taking a bath, sleep or sedation. The severity of the symptoms varied during the day and from day to day. Neurological examination revealed bilateral spasms of the orbicular oculi muscles, and occasionally of the orbicular oris muscles, sternocleidmastoid muscles and the perinasal regions. Neither orolingual dyskinesia nor other involuntary movements were detected. Surface electromyography (EMG) disclosed tonic discharges mainly from the orbicular oculi muscles. The abnormal spasm disappeared with the injection of edrophonium chloride. The test for the serum antiacetylcholine receptor antibody was negative and a repetitive stimulation EMG showed no waning phenomenon. No thymoma or thymus abnormalities were detected by pneumomediastinography. A needle EMG revealed neurogenic change in the distal portion of the limbs. A single fiber EMG showed elongation of the jitter value and the blocking phenomenon. Although distigmine bromide was ineffective against the spasm, pyridostigmine bromide and the local injection of botulinum toxin were very effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blepharospasm↗
PubMed1992

[Anesthetic problems in patients with Forestier's disease].

We have studied common problems associated with the anesthetic management of Forestier's disease in 8 patients undergoing neurosurgery. This disease is a systemic degenerative disorder and is characterized by osteo-spur formation at anterior spinal body. In two of eight patients the trachea was intubated with great difficulty even by well-trained anesthesiologist. Its cause could be found not only in limited cervical mobility but also in constrained epiglottic elevation, suggesting that Forestier's disease requires special anesthetic considerations. It is thus important to predict the possibility of difficult tracheal intubation on both physical examination and the preoperative X-ray photography.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[The catecholamine concentrations of collected autologous blood during adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma].

We have studied the concentrations of catecholamines in collected autologous blood. The measured levels of the blood samples from Cell-stat collecting chamber were epinephrine 4.74 ng.ml-1 and norepinephrine 2.39 ng.ml-1. First wash of collected blood with 700 ml of saline diluted the catecholamine concentrations to epinephrine 3.13 ng.ml-1 and norepinephrine 1.6 ng.ml-1. The concentrations of catecholamines after second wash were epinephrine 2.19 ng.ml-1 and norepinephrine 1.11 ng.ml-1. These values were three to twenty folds of normal ranges even after the second wash, and still the same levels as intraoperative plasma catecholamine (the measured values; epinephrine 0.81-2.81 ng.ml-1 and norepinephrine 0.96-3.15 ng.ml-1). Since platelets actively concentrate catecholamines during their life span, the destruction of platelets by suction or centrifugation may probably play the most important role in the elevation of catecholamine concentrations in the collected autologous blood. We concluded that intraoperative autotransfusion in the resection of pheochromocytoma is likely to result in the elevation of systemic blood pressure by catecholamines of the transfused blood.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Functional evaluation of tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells. Detection of endogenous interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Quantitative evaluation of the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the extracts of tumors and their corresponding normal tissues resected from 43 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma was done using solid-phase, sandwich radioimmunoassay. The levels of both IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha detected in the tumor tissues were higher than those in the corresponding normal colorectal tissues obtained from each patient. A significant negative correlation was observed between the level of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in each tumor extract. The decrease of the level of IFN-gamma in the tumor correlated with the advance of clinical stage, and the levels of IFN-gamma of the patients with distant metastases were significantly lower than those of the patients without distant metastases. However, an increase in the level of TNF-alpha correlated not only with an enlarged diameter but also with the extent of the primary tumor. Immunohistochemical staining of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha producing cells in tumor tissues showed that IFN-gamma was mainly produced by CD4+ CD8- T-lymphocytes and TNF-alpha was mainly produced by CD11c+ cells with macrophage-like morphology. These results suggest that CD4+ T-lymphocytes that produce IFN-gamma might play an important role in the antitumor response against cancer progression in human colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

cDNA cloning of a myosin heavy chain isoform in embryonic smooth muscle and its expression during vascular development and in arteriosclerosis.

Adult rabbit smooth muscles contain two types of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, SM1 and SM2 which are generated through alternative RNA splicing from a single gene (Nagai, R., Kuro-o, M., Babij, P. & Periasamy, M. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 9734-9737). We previously reported that the expression of SM1 and SM2 during vascular development is differentially regulated at the level of RNA splicing, whereby SM1 is constitutively expressed from early development but SM2 appear after birth (Kuro-o, M., Nagai, R., Tsuchimochi, H., Katoh, H., Yazaki, Y., Ohkubo, A. & Takaku, F. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 18272-18275). We also demonstrated that embryonic vascular smooth muscles contain a third type of MHC isoform, referred to as SMemb in this report, which comigrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with SM2. In the present study we have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone (FSMHC34) for SMemb. FSMHC34 encodes the light meromyosin region including the carboxyl terminus and showed 70% amino acid sequence identity with SM1 or SM2. SMemb is a nonmuscle-type MHC and identical with brain MHC, but clearly distinct from 196-kDa nonmuscle MHC in cultured smooth muscle cells. The expression of SMemb was predominant in embryonic and perinatal aortas, but down-regulated with vascular development. Interestingly SMemb was reexpressed in proliferating smooth muscle cells of arteriosclerotic neointimas. These results suggest that smooth muscle proliferation is coupled to the expression of SMemb and that dedifferentiation of smooth muscles toward the embryonic phenotype is involved in the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Secretion of gastric acid inhibited by oxytocin injected into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat.

Gastric acid output was examined following oxytocin injection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or into the vagus nucleus (X) of the medulla in rats with insulin-hypoglycemia. Gastric acid output was reduced following the injection of nanomolar quantities of oxytocin into these nuclei, and the response was dose-dependent. It was also noted that there was a synergistic action on the response by the peptide between PVN and X. The acid response was blocked by section of the vagus nerve at the subdiaphragmatic level or by prior administration of atropine sulfate. These observations suggest that oxytocin in the PVN is active in suppressing gastric acid secretion, and the vagal response is characteristic of activation of the PVN and X.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Post-irradiation treatment with OK432 can prevent radiation-induced bone marrow death.

The radioprotective effect of OK432, a Streptococcus haemolyticus preparation, on bone marrow death was examined in mice. The LD50 value was increased from 7.55 Gy in controls to 8.45 Gy in mice treated once with OK432 immediately after irradiation. Multiple administrations of the agent further elevated the LD50 value to 9.56 Gy. The radioprotective effect was also apparent when multiple treatments were commenced as late as 72 h after irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative indices of dispersion of refractoriness for identification of propensity to re-entrant ventricular tachycardia in a canine model of myocardial infarction.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify propensity to re-entry in a canine model of 7 day old myocardial infarction, the sensitivity and specificity of five indices of dispersion of refractoriness (ERP) were investigated. DESIGN: With an epicardial patch electrode containing 47 electrodes, ERP was measured by S1-S2 method at each site overlying the infarct. ERP range, maximum adjacent dispersion, difference between mean ERPS of the infarct and normal zones, standard deviation (sigma) of the mean ERP, and sigma/mean ERP X 100 were calculated. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL: 42 dogs were divided into three groups; 20 dogs with epicardial functional block on induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, 10 dogs with inducible ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation but without epicardial functional block, and 12 control dogs without ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation or block. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All five indices were significantly greater in the 20 dogs with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation than in control dogs. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the five indices showed that sigma was the most sensitive and specific index for discriminating these 20 dogs. The sensitivity and specificity of a sigma value greater than 14 ms (the mean value plus two SD of the control dogs) were 70% and 100%, respectively.

Animals↗