[Accident prevention with motorcycles].
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Accident Prevention↗
Biomedical subjects
H Jung
Publications and source records attributed to H Jung.
[Surgical treatment of choanal atresia].
The indications for surgery of congenital choanal atresia and the different surgical approaches are discussed in detail. The transnasal approaches should be done only in emergency situations or as first-aid treatment; the transmaxillary approach is not important today. The transpalatinal approach in the head-down position under microsurgical conditions has proved to be much better. Thirty-six cases with congenital choanal atresia were observed in 15 years. Thirty-four patients were operated on in infancy or childhood and controlled later on. Four children showed bilateral choanal atresia; the other patients had unilateral complete atresia. In 8 patients a transnasal approach was done, in 6 cases there was a recurrence in the form of a complete stenosis and after transpalatinal re-operations there was a relapse in only one case. One patient was operated on the transmaxillary approach. In 25 cases the transpalatinal approach was the method of operation; relapse was seen in 5 cases only and could be revised by transpalatinal approach, one case excepted. Own experience and the present results show that the transpalatinal approach is suitable for adults as well as newborn babies and infants. On account of the better view of the operating area and optimal reconstructive conditions, the transpalatinal approach appears to be safer and long-term results are good.
Adult↗
Higher density of mental capacities in the left cerebral hemisphere of man: a quantitative investigation in children with localized cerebral lesions.
51 children with localized cerebral lesions were investigated with the British Ability Scales, Wechsler test, Porteus Mazes, Conners Teacher Rating Scale, and computerized tomography. The extent of the lesions was quantitatively determined. The IQ was 10 points lower in the left hemispheric lesions, although the right hemispheric lesions were larger. When corrected for size of lesions, the IQ is 17 points higher (p less than 0.05) in children with right than with left hemispheric early lesions. The children with left hemispheric lesions had also significantly more behavioural problems (Conners Scale). Children with bilateral lesions had 15 points lower IQ than those with unilateral lesions, although from the slightly larger extent one could expect only 3 points difference. There was no influence of hemiparesis or of epilepsy of the IQ independent of the extent of lesion. There was more plasticity of the hemisphere than of the lobes as shown by Wisconsin Card Sorting data. The higher density of mental capacities in the left cerebral hemisphere of man is explained by more efficient programs, and more dense packing of functions due to more training of the left cerebral hemisphere.
Adolescent↗
A generalized concept for cell killing by heat.
Based on the analysis of many survival curves obtained after hyperthermic treatments of CHO cells at various temperatures, or after consecutive exposure to two different temperatures, a generalized concept has been developed for the action of heat on cell survival. The basic idea of this concept is that cellular inactivation by heat is a two step process. In the first step, heating produces nonlethal lesions. In the second step, the nonlethal lesions are converted into lethal events upon further heating. The conversion of one of the nonlethal lesions in a cell leads to cell death. Based on the assumption that both production and conversion of nonlethal lesions occur at random and depend only on temperature, a mathematical model has been worked out that quantitatively describes cell killing by single heating as well as by step-down or step-up heating. After the cells are heated at a certain temperature for a time t, the surviving fraction is given by the equation S(t) = exp [(p/c) X [1 - c X t - exp(-c X t)]) where p is the rate constant for the production of nonlethal lesions per cell and per unit of time, and c is the rate constant for the conversion of one nonlethal lesion into a lethal event per unit of time. When heating is performed consecutively at two different temperatures; i.e., when a pretreatment at the temperature T1 for the time t1 is followed by a graded exposure to the temperature T for the time t, the surviving fraction is given by the equation S(t1,t) = exp [(p1/c1) X exp(-c X t) X [1 - c1 X t1 X exp (c X t) - exp(-c1 X t1) + (p/c) X [1 - c X t - exp(-c X t)]) where p1 and c1 are the production rate and the conversion rate at the temperature T1 of the pretreatment, and p and c are the corresponding values at the temperature of the second treatment. By fitting the equations given above to the experimental data of many heat survival curves, the values of p and c were determined for the temperature range 39 to 45 degrees C. In this range, the conversion rate c increases exponentially with temperature; the slope corresponds to an activation energy of Ea = 86 +/- 6 kcal/mol. The Arrhenius plot of the production rate p shows an inflection point at 42.5 degrees C. Above that temperature, the activation energy is 185 +/- 14 kcal/mol; below, Ea = 370 +/- 30 kcal/mol was obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Immune complexes in sera of children with HBV-mediated glomerulonephritis.
Multiple serum samples from 27 children with hepatitis B virus (HBV)--mediated glomerulonephritis (GN) were screened for the presence of immune complexes by an antigen-specific method. For this purpose an immunoenzymatic test was set up, applying a solid-phase Clq and the enzyme-conjugated antibodies: anti-HBs and anti-HBe. Complexes of HBsAg were found in sera of 15 children (55.6%), while complexes of HBeAg--in sera of 12 children (44.4%). Molecular weight of complexes was measured in sera of three patients, disclosing the values of 2.5-3.3 X 10(6) daltons for HBsAg complexes and 2.5-3.2 X 10(5) daltons for HBeAg complexes. Immune deposits consisting of hepatitis B virus antigen (HBeAg), IgG and C3 were detected in the glomeruli by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent assays respectively, in 3 out of 4 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). No genetic defect of the complement system was found by the measurement of total haemolytic activity of complement and concentration of early complement components. From the analysis of clinical and laboratory data it was concluded that the appearance of HBeAg complexes correlated with more severe course of the disease.
Adolescent↗
[Quantitative relation between localized brain lesions and neuropsychological performance in children. Notes on the effect of exercise therapy].
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Brain Injuries↗
A quantitative relationship between the extent of localized cerebral lesions and the intellectual and behavioural deficiency in children.
In an investigation of 51 children with localized forebrain lesions (25 left hemispheric, 15 right hemispheric and 11 bilateral) a significant relationship between the extent of the cerebral lesion (quantitatively determined by means of computerized tomography scans) and the IQ was found, but only in children with lesions after age 5: there was a diminution of 3 (British Ability Scales and Porteus Mazes) to 4 (Wechsler test) points of IQ for a 1% increased brain lesion. There was no correlation between the extent of the lesion and IQ in children with early lesions. The IQ of the children with early lesions (up to year 4) was significantly lower than that of children with later lesions of the same extent. There was a highly significant correlation between behavioural problems (assessed by Conners Teacher Rating Scale) and diminution of IQ. There was a significant correlation between the extent of lesion and behavioural problems in lesions after year 5, but not in early lesions. While the correlation between intellectual-behavioural impairment and the extent of cerebral lesions can be explained by multiple localisation of functions, the lack of this correlation in early lesions and the more severe impairment by earlier lesions may be due to an interaction of brain development with social and lesional factors. Since each part of the brain may act as a stimulus for the development of other parts, even small differences in the lesions (and/or in the environment) may result in large behavioural differences (hypothesis of the developing brain as an amplifier for differences in the stimuli).
Brain Damage, Chronic↗
[Changes in the psychosomatic status following operative augmentation and reduction of the female breast. Catamnestic study from the operative-gynecologic and psychosomatic viewpoints].
We performed preoperatively a psychiatric and psychosomatic exploration of women who came to us with a request for performing breast-corrective surgery. 18 months after the operation, these women were again examined both gynaecologically and psychosomatically. Subsequent to a postoperative course without complications and with primary wound healing, 88% of the surgically treated women considered the result to be in accordance with their expectations, and the size of their breast as adequate. Analysis of variance of the personality data reveals that patients with hypoplasia or hyperplasia of the breast do not differ from each other in respect of their personality characteristics. Preoperatively, the patients assessed themselves on the average very negatively with regard to social resonance, and proved to be very depressive. After plastic surgery of the breast, i.e. after anatomic correction, definite changes are seen in the mental field. A significant improvement is noticeable in the way the patients experience themselves, their body, and their self-value. The same also applies to the experience of their sexuality, to social relationships and social resonance, social potency, and partner relationship. All these were assessed by the patients as considerably improved (significant on the 1% level).
Adaptation, Psychological↗
[Effect of mixed protein silage in feed on the digestive tract and metabolism parameters in swine].
With a view to studying the effect of acid addition, weaned piglets and fattening pigs were fed graduated amounts of protein mixed silage (pH-value 3.15 by adding 20 g H2SO4/kg) in rations of equal energy and protein levels. On average, the fattening pigs were taking in 0.26 g H2SO4/kg, whilst the amounts for piglets were 0.60 and 0.72 g H2SO4/kg. Higher acid intakes had a negative effect of energy expenditure, weight gains and feed intake. The experimental animals had significantly longer small intestines, whilst the intestine's wall was found thinner and the amount of digesta reduced and with a higher water content. The microbial activity in the stomach proved significantly inhibited. However, it was higher in the caecum as compared to the control animals. Metabolic parameters suggest that water and mineral balances are under stress. The significance of acid addition for tract flora and its metabolites is discussed. Protein mixed silage is regarded a dietetically favourable feed when given at a maximum daily amount of 25 g/kg LW or 1 kg/animal. The recommendation for dosing the daily administration of inorganic acids is as follows: max. 0.5 g acid/kg LW or 20 g/animal.
Animal Feed↗
Studies on the oxygen radical mechanism involved in the small intestinal reperfusion damage.
Characteristic mucosal lesions develop in the small intestine during ischaemia and hypotension. This tissue damage can be further aggravated in the immediate reperfusion phase, presumably secondary to the generation of oxygen free radicals which have been proposed to be generated in this situation through the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system. This was further investigated in the cat small intestine using a standardized regional intestinal hypotension model in which the effects of allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) were compared to those of an exogenous supply of inosine. The grade of mucosal damage, the nucleotide levels, the concentrations of hypoxanthine, total and oxidized glutathione, and of conjugated dienes were measured in the intestinal tissue. The results indicate that oxygen radicals generated by xanthine oxidase are very important, but not the only significant factor in the small intestinal reperfusion damage.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
[Peritumor interstitial double nuclide-double compound lymphoscintigraphy in the noninvasive detection of lymphatic metastases in tumors in the area of the face, skull and mouth cavities].
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Adult↗
Oxidative tissue damage following regional intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in the cat.
Regional intestinal ischemia in cats resulted in an accumulation of hypoxanthine within 2 h, the concentration of which rose from 0.062 to 1.131 nmol/mg protein. A similar rise in AMP content (from 0.5 to 3.2 nmol/mg protein) was observed, but not in the ADP level. In parallel, ATP content decreased from 7.5 to 2.8 nmol/mg protein. Reperfusion of the ischemic tissue was followed by rapid metabolism of the purine metabolites; after 1 h of reperfusion the tissue level of hypoxanthine was 0.186 nmol/mg protein, of AMP 0.7 nmol/mg protein, and of ATP 4.3 nmol/mg protein. The oxidation of hypoxanthine, mediated by xanthine oxidase, is accompanied by the release of superoxide ions. Consequently, the concentration of oxidized glutathione was doubled upon reperfusion, while marked lipid peroxidation took place, as evidenced by the rise in conjugated diene content from 2.8 mumol/g tissue before reperfusion to 5.6 mumol/g tissue after 10 min of reoxygenation. In line with these findings is the fact that histologically observable damage occurred mainly in the presence of oxygen. These data indicate that, at least in our model, rapid reoxygenation is a major cause of "ischemic" tissue damage.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
Effect of allylisopropylacetamide and Sedormid on enzymes of steroid metabolism in rat liver.
Female rats, treated with allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) showed a marked decrease of hepatic NADH-5 alpha-reductase, NADPH-5 alpha-reductase, NAD+- and NADP+-3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities and an increase of the activity of NADH- and NADPH-5 beta-reductase and NAD+ and NADP+-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Administration of Sedormid decreased the activities of 5 alpha-reductases and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (substrate, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) and increased the activity of NADH-5 beta-reductase, whereas no effect was seen on NADPH-5 beta-reductase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
Acetamides↗
Thermotolerance and thermosensitization in CHO and R1H cells: a comparative study.
In CHO and R1H cells thermotolerance was induced by a pre-incubation at 40 degrees C, by an acute heat shock at 43 degrees C followed by a time interval at 37 degrees C, and during continuous heating at 42 degrees C. Thermotolerance, which was tested at 43 degrees C, primarily causes an increase in D0 of the heat-response curve. The degree of maximum thermotolerance was found to be generally more pronounced in CHO than in R1H cells, but the time interval at 37 degrees C, as well as at 40 degrees C, to reach this maximum level was the same in both cell lines. CHO and R1H cells could be sensitized to 40 degrees C by a pre-treatment at 43 degrees C. When compared for the same survival rate after pre-treatment at 43 degrees C alone the degree of thermosensitization was about the same in both cell lines. In either cell line thermosensitization was found to be suppressed when cells were made thermotolerant by a previous incubation at 40 degrees C for 16 hours.
Acclimatization↗
[Renal failure in hypercalcemic nephropathy caused by vitamin D 3 poisoning].
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Hepatitis B mediated glomerulonephritis in children.
Forty nine children with hepatitis B virus-mediated glomerulonephritis (GN) were observed during the last 11 years. Boys were more frequently affected than girls, the ratio being 38 : 11. Young infants (1 to 5 years of age) predominated in the group. The incidence of membranous form of glomerulonephritis was high (34 out of 44 kidney biopsy cases, 77%), the rest of patients showing mesangiocapillary GN-8 (18%) and mesangial proliferative GN-2 (5%). The disease proved to be self limiting. Immunosuppressive or indomethacin treatment did not modify the course and outcome of the disease. Liver disease in these patients often persisted after the resolution of glomerulonephritis.
Child↗
[Fraud: is the revocation of the license to practice medicine possible?].
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Crime↗
[Comparison of various tuberculin tests].
In 188 children results of the Mendel-Mantoux (10 or 100 IU) tuberculin test given intracutaneously were compared with ointment and patch tests as well as with three multipuncture tests using dried or fluid old or purified tuberculin. The new and easily performed multipuncture test with liquid old-tuberculin was significantly superior at 89.4% positive reactions to the other tests (Mendel-Mantoux test as standard at 100%). There were no false-positive results.
BCG Vaccine↗